Developing Trust in Virtual Teams Germain, Marie-Line
Performance improvement quarterly,
2011, Letnik:
24, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Rapid globalization, advances in technology, flatter organizational structures, synergistic cooperation among firms, and a shift to knowledge work environments have led to the increasing use of ...virtual teams in organizations. Selecting, training, and socializing employees in virtual teamwork has therefore become an important human resource function. This article provides an overview of the research on trust in virtual teams, its importance, and how to overcome some challenges of trust development in virtual teams. Recommendations for virtual team developers and human resources professionals are presented. (Contains 3 tables.)
BACKGROUND: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been shown to be highly expressed in a broad series of primary endometrial tumors and its expression may be closely associated with parameters of tumor ...aggressiveness. In human endometrial cancer, tumor suppressor phosphatase tensin homologue (PTEN) is frequently mutated. In the presence of a mutated PTEN protein, Akt phosphorylation levels increase leading to the activation of this survival pathway. The nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) is a well establish regulator of genes encoding cytokines, cytokine receptors, and cell adhesion molecules that drive immune and inflammatory responses. More recently, NF-κB activation has been connected with multiple aspects of oncogenesis, including the control of apoptosis, cell cycle, differentiation, and cell migration. It is known that Akt may act through NF-κB pathway and that COX-2 gene has been shown to be regulated at the promoter level by NF-κB. Recently, we showed that Akt regulates COX-2 gene and protein expressions in phospho-Akt expressing endometrial cancer cells. The present study was undertaken to determine the involvement of NF-κB pathway and IκB (an inhibitor of NF-κB) in the regulation of COX-2 expression and to determine more precisely the downstream targets of Akt involved in this process. RESULTS: Three different human endometrial cancer cell lines known to have wild type PTEN (HEC 1-A) or a mutated inactive PTEN protein (RL 95-2 and Ishikawa) were used for these studies. Expression IκB and Phospho-IκB were evaluated by Western analysis. The presence of IκB phosphorylation was found in all cell lines studied. There was no difference between cell lines in term of NF-κB abundance. Inhibition of PI 3-K with Wortmannin and LY294002 blocked IκB phosphorylation, reduced NF-κB nuclear activity, reduced COX-2 expression and induced apoptosis. Transfection studies with a dominant negative Akt vector blocked IκB phosphorylation and reduced COX-2 expression. On the opposite, constitutively active Akt transfections resulted in the induction of IκB phosphorylation and up-regulation of COX-2. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that Akt signals through NF-κB/IκB pathway to induce COX-2 expression in mutated PTEN endometrial cancer cells.
To date, women who work in traditionally male-typed fields and occupations continue to face gender barriers. This paper reviews the literature on the topic then identifies and examines barriers ...presented during aviation training based on data from 296 female pilots-in-training, pilots, and flight instructors. Results show that the lack of acceptance, self-efficacy, lack of social support from organizations, flight instructors and family, and stereotyping are among the top obstacles women encounter during their flight training, often leading them to quit. Implications for human resource development (HRD) and for the recruitment, retention, and success of women in male-dominated occupations are discussed.
•An on-line RPLCxRPLC-QToF method was developed for effluent analysis.•A strategy for detection and quantification of priority products was applied.•2D-LC was proved to be much more efficient than ...1D-LC.•Retention variability was found to be less than 0.1 s in 2D.•Correlations on retentions should help to identify unknown compounds.
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Pharmaceutical effluents are complex media containing hundreds of compounds including active ingredients, intermediate products and unknown impurities. Bringing an industrial wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) into compliance with European directives requires a thorough analysis of the effluent. In this study, we demonstrate how online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (on-line LC × LC) hyphenated to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) can be a powerful analytical methodology to monitoring the outlet water, by analysing the content of known molecules while characterizing unknown compounds. Reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) was used in both dimensions, with a penta-fluoro-phenyl silica-based column at neutral pH in the first dimension (1D) and a C18 column at acidic pH in the second one (2D). The conditions were optimized for a total analysis time of 60 min. The variability of both retention times and peak areas was evaluated. The average standard deviation on retention times was found to be less than 0.1 s in 2D. The relative standard deviation on peak area was about 7% for run-to-run analysis. This analytical approach, applied to the pharmaceutical effluents before (inlet) and after (outlet) wastewater treatment permitted to detect 240 compounds. These included 27 priority pharmaceutical products, 8 of which were of very high priority and their concentrations could be compared to target values. The comparison of 2D-LC and 1D-LC approaches clearly highlights the power of on-line RPLC x RPLC technique, which allows both targeted quantitative analysis and non-targeted qualitative analysis of pharmaceutical effluents.
An attachment theory perspective of mentoring is presented to explain the degree of functionality of a mentor—protégé formal match in an organizational setting. By focusing on Bowlby’s (1969/1982) ...behavioral system of attachment and its triarchic taxonomy of secure, avoidant, and anxious-ambivalent attachment, previous conceptualizations are expanded by illuminating relational concepts that mentors and supervisors could use to facilitate employee learning and development. A short attachment style assessment and a mentor—protégé(e) attachment style pairing guide are presented.
Depuis 1961, Vendée Eau organise la production et la distribution de l’eau potable sur la quasi-totalité du département de la Vendée. La production d’eau potable du parc de Vendée Eau est assurée ...principalement par 13 barrages à usages multiples : alimentation en eau potable, écrêtement des crues, irrigation et soutien d’étiage. La gestion intégrée, coordonnée et optimisée de ces ouvrages est essentielle pour anticiper et gérer au mieux les épisodes hydrologiques extrêmes, crues et sécheresses, et pour garantir la satisfaction des usages de l’eau. Deux enjeuxclés sont à considérer sur le territoire de Vendée Eau : l’augmentation des besoins en eau et donc du risque de pénurie d’une part, l’augmentation de la fréquence des extrêmes hydrologiques et donc des risques d’inondation d’autre part. Face à ces problématiques, Vendée Eau a mandaté BRLi pour développer un outil de gestion dynamique des réservoirs afin d’optimiser la gestion de ces ouvrages en période normale, et plus spécifiquement en situations de crises, crues et sècheresses. Cet outil, basé sur la solution WIMES de BRLi, a été développé en méthode Agile pour répondre aux besoins de Vendée Eau et porte le nom de PICTO pour « Pilotage Intégré des Crues et des Transferts d’Eau ».
Since 1961, Vendée Eau is in charge of supplying drinking water throughout almost the entire Vendée department. Drinking water supply in the Vendée Eau territory is mainly ensured by 13 multi-purpose dams: drinking water supply, flood control, irrigation and low-water support. Integrated, coordinated and optimized management of these hydraulics structures is crucial to anticipate and better manage extreme hydrological events, floods and droughts, and to guarantee the satisfaction of water uses. Two key issues must be considered: the increase in water needs and therefore the risk of scarcity, and the increase in the frequency of hydrological extremes and therefore the risk of flooding. Facing these issues, Vendée Eau mandated BRLi to develop a dynamic reservoir management tool in order to optimize the management of these reservoirs in current situation, and more specifically in crisis, flood and drought situations. This tool, based on BRLi's WIMES solution, was developed using the Agile method to meet the needs of Vendée Eau and named PICTO for “Integrated Flood and Water Allocation Management”.
A cluster of four patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was identified in a surgery clinic. Molecular characterization revealed close homology between viruses. This cluster was related to ...unsafe injection practices through multidose vials and reused materials. Among 796 patients potentially exposed to and screened for HCV, no other cluster was identified.
Testing the Existence of a Green Contract McGuire, David; Germain, Marie-Line
Advances in developing human resources,
11/2015, Letnik:
17, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Problem
Climate change has been identified as one of the most significant challenges of this generation. Yet, little is known about the reciprocal expectations that organizations and customers ...have in relation to environmental issues. Moreover, the field of human resource development (HRD) has done little to date to respond to environmental challenges.
The Solution
A set of four hypotheses were tested with a sample of 102 Scottish retail customers to examine some of the expectations customers have in relation to organizations. Three of the four hypotheses were proven indicating a strong correlation between levels of Customer Environmental Commitment/Action and Perceived Organizational Environmental Commitment/Action.
The Stakeholders
The research identifies an important educational role for HRD practitioners in improving the training and awareness of individuals in relation to environmental issues and the dissemination of positive environmental practices and innovative approaches. It postulates the existence of five variants of a “green contract,” which distinguishes different degrees of environmental commitment and behavior shown by both customers and organizations.
Investor fraud, scandals, terrorist acts, and natural disasters are typical unexpected crises organizations can face today. As a consequence, knowledge management and change management have become ...central themes in organizations.Although the field of Human Resource Development (HRD) has not focused extensively on crisis intervention, recent natural disasters such as Hurricane Katrina have started grasping the attention of HRD scholars and practitioners who recognize the role organizational development can play. This article examines knowledge sharing in crisis situations. Specifically, it analyses a 2006 report from the U.S. government on the preparation for and response to Hurricane Katrina by identifying its key themes, scenario facts, and lessons learned. It then makes suggestions on how organizations can improve knowledge-sharing practices in crisis situations, such as the development of integrative planning between agencies and the establishment of robust systems to capture, manage, and disseminate large volumes of data.
Maroteaux – Lamy syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, MPS VI) is a lysosomal storage disease resulting from insufficient enzymatic activity for degradation of the specific glycosaminoglycans ...(GAG) chondroitin sulphate (CS) and dermatan sulphate (DS). Among the most pronounced MPS VI clinical manifestations caused by cellular accumulation of excess CS and DS are eye disorders, in particular those that affect the cornea. Ocular manifestations are not treated by the current standard of care, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), leaving patients with a significant unmet need. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we previously demonstrated the potential of the β-D-xyloside, odiparcil, as an oral GAG clearance therapy for MPS VI. Here, we characterized the eye phenotypes in MPS VI arylsulfatase B deficient mice (Arsb−) and studied the effects of odiparcil treatment in early and established disease models. Severe levels of opacification and GAG accumulation were detected in the eyes of MPS VI Arsb− mice. Histological examination of MPS VI Arsb− eyes showed an aggregate of corneal phenotypes, including reduction in the corneal epithelium thickness and number of epithelial cell layers, and morphological malformations in the stroma. In addition, colloidal iron staining showed specifically GAG accumulation in the cornea. Orally administered odiparcil markedly reduced GAG accumulation in the eyes of MPS VI Arsb− mice in both disease models and restored the corneal morphology (epithelial layers and stromal structure). In the early disease model of MPS VI, odiparcil partially reduced corneal opacity area, but did not affect opacity area in the established model. Analysis of GAG types accumulating in the MPS VI Arsb− eyes demonstrated major contribution of DS and CS, with some increase in heparan sulphate (HS) as well and all were reduced with odiparcil treatment. Taken together, we further reveal the potential of odiparcil to be an effective therapy for eye phenotypes associated with MPS VI disease.
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