The shell structure of atomic nuclei is associated with 'magic numbers' and originates in the nearly independent motion of neutrons and protons in a mean potential generated by all nucleons. During ...b1-decay, a proton transforms into a neutron in a previously not fully occupied orbital, emitting a positron-neutrino pair with either parallel or antiparallel spins, in a Gamow-Teller or Fermi transition, respectively. The transition probability, or strength, of a Gamow-Teller transition depends sensitively on the underlying shell structure and is usually distributed among many states in the neighbouring nucleus. Here we report measurements of the half-life and decay energy for the decay of 100Sn, the heaviest doubly magic nucleus with equal numbers of protons and neutrons. In the b-decay of 100Sn, a large fraction of the strength is observable because of the large decay energy. We determine the largest Gamow-Teller strength so far measured in allowed nuclear b-decay, establishing the 'superallowed' nature of this Gamow-Teller transition. The large strength and the low-energy states in the daughter nucleus, 100In, are well reproduced by modern, large-scale shell model calculations.
The first measurement of the momentum distribution for one-neutron removal from O-24 at 920A MeV performed at GSI, Darmstadt is reported. The observed distribution has a width (FWHM) of 99 +/- 4 ...MeV/c in the projectile rest frame and a one-neutron removal cross section of 63 +/- 7 mb. The results are well explained with a nearly pure 2s(1/2) neutron spectroscopic factor of 1.74 +/- 0.19 within the eikonal model. This large s-wave probability shows a spherical shell closure thereby confirming earlier suggestions that O-24 is a new doubly magic nucleus.
The Super-FRS project at GSI Geissel, H.; Weick, H.; Winkler, M. ...
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms,
05/2003, Letnik:
204
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
The GSI projectile fragment separator FRS has demonstrated with many pioneering experiments the research potential of in-flight separators at relativistic energies. Although the present facility has ...contributed much to the progress in the field of nuclear structure physics, major improvements are desirable in the future. The characteristics of the proposed next-generation facility at GSI, the Super-FRS, will be presented and compared to other projects. The Super-FRS is a large-acceptance superconducting fragment separator followed by different experimental branches including a combination with a new storage-cooler ring system. This system consists of a collector ring (CR) and a new experimental storage ring (NESR) which allow precision mass and lifetime measurements as well as in-ring reaction studies. The NESR can be operated in combination with an electron ring to measure electron scattering with exotic nuclei. This electron heavy-ion collider will open up new fields for nuclear structure research.
A Compton camera-based detector system for photon detection from nuclear reactions induced by proton (or heavier ion) beams is under development at LMU Munich, targeting the online range verification ...of the particle beam in hadron therapy via prompt-gamma imaging. The detector is designed to be capable to reconstruct the photon source origin not only from the Compton scattering kinematics of the primary photon, but also to allow for tracking of the secondary Compton-scattered electrons, thus enabling a γ-source reconstruction also from incompletely absorbed photon events. The Compton camera consists of a monolithic LaBr3:Ce scintillation crystal, read out by a multi-anode PMT acting as absorber, preceded by a stacked array of 6 double-sided silicon strip detectors as scatterers. The detector components have been characterized both under offline and online conditions. The LaBr3:Ce crystal exhibits an excellent time and energy resolution. Using intense collimated 137Cs and 60Co sources, the monolithic scintillator was scanned on a fine 2D grid to generate a reference library of light amplitude distributions that allows for reconstructing the photon interaction position using a k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN) algorithm. Systematic studies were performed to investigate the performance of the reconstruction algorithm, revealing an improvement of the spatial resolution with increasing photon energy to an optimum value of 3.7(1)mm at 1.33MeV, achieved with the Categorical Average Pattern (CAP) modification of the k-NN algorithm.
A new phoswich array, for the detection of high-energy protons and gamma rays from nuclear reactions, has been built. This new detector consists of four individual closely packed scintillator ...detectors, each of them made of 4cm of LaBr3(Ce) and 6cm of LaCl3(Ce) in phoswich configuration (optically coupled and with a common readout). In this paper we report on the results of a beam test performed at the Bronowice Cyclotron Centre (CCB) in Krakow, showing the response of this versatile instrument to high energy protons (70–230MeV). Furthermore, for the first time we prove that we can reconstruct the original energy of fast protons (E>200MeV) which pass through the total length of the crystal while still retaining a good energy resolution.
The rapid neutron nucleosynthesis process involves an enormous amount of very exotic neutron-rich nuclei, which represent a theoretical and experimental challenge. Two of the main decay properties ...that affect the final abundance distribution the most are half-lives and neutron branching ratios. Using fragmentation of a primary 238U beam at GSI we were able to measure such properties for several neutron-rich nuclei from 208Hg to 218Pb. This contribution provides a short update on the status of the data analysis of this experiment, together with a compilation of the latest results published in this mass region, both experimental and theoretical. The impact of the uncertainties connected with the beta-decay rates and with beta-delayed neutron emission is illustrated on the basis of r-process network calculations. In order to obtain a reasonable reproduction of the third r-process peak, it is expected that both half-lives and neutron branching ratios are substantially smaller, than those based on FRDM+QRPA, commonly used in r-process model calculations. Further measurements around N ∼ 126 are required for a reliable modelling of the underlying nuclear structure, and for performing more realistic r-process abundance calculations.
One-neutron knockout reactions from neutron-rich nuclei, with Z=6-13 and N=8-22, were studied at the Fragment Separator (GSI) at high beam energies, around 700 MeV/nucleon. Structural phenomena such ...as the formation of one-neutron halos in odd-mass carbon isotopes ({sup 15,17,19}C) will be discussed. In addition, one-neutron knockout measurements from {sup 22}N were carried out for the first time and demonstrate clearly the change from a 0d{sub 5/2} to a 1s{sub 1/2} orbital for the valence neutron, an effect that is expected above N=14 and that was also observed in {sup 23}O and {sup 24}F. The possibility of an anomalous structure of {sup 26}F, due to a significant 1s{sub 1/2} neutron admixture, will also be discussed in the light of the experimental data obtained in this work. Finally, the ground-state configuration of neutron-rich neon isotopes ({sup 24-28}Ne) was studied, providing new information in a region that is relatively close to the island of inversion.
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