Objective To investigate the impact of intimate partner violence (IPV) on the risk of repeat induced abortion (RIA), we compared IPV history among women with and without previous induced abortion ...(IA).
Methods All consecutive women aged 18 years or more requiring IA in 12 Italian abortion clinics were eligible for inclusion in the study. They were asked to fill in an anonymous, self-developed questionnaire assessing sociodemographic data and their history of different types of violence and related risk factors.
Results The analysis included 1030 women, 624 (60.6%) of whom reported a previous IA. Past or current IPV was reported by 19.3%: 7.0% reported sexual violence, 11.3% physical abuse and 12.1% psychological abuse. Past or current IPV was reported by 22.3% of women with RIA and 14.8% of those undergoing their first IA (adjusted odds ratio 1.57, 95% confidence interval 1.07-2.30; p = 0.02). When we considered sexual, psychological and physical abuse separately, we found that any kind of abuse was more frequent in women with RIA than in women with no previous IA.
Conclusion This study underlines the impact of IPV on the risk of RIA and suggests the need for screening for IPV among women requiring abortion, in order to identify women at risk of RIA and to improve their general and reproductive health.
Chinese Abstract
摘要：
目的：为了研究亲密伴侣暴力对反复人工流产的影响，我们比较了既往有亲密伴侣暴力病人有无反复流产史。
方法：在意大利12所堕胎诊所需要行人工流产术的所有的18周岁及以上的妇女符合此研究的纳入标准，她们需要填写一份匿名的、自主研发的问卷，调查研究社会人口数据和既往的暴力性质及与此相关的影响因素。
结果：共有1030人纳入研究，其中的624（60.6%）既往有过人工流产史。目前的研究表明亲密伴侣暴力的发生率为19.3%，其中7.0%为性暴力，11.3%躯体虐待，12.1%为心理暴力。目前的研究提出，既往有过人工流产史的妇女中发生亲密伴侣暴力的概率是22.3%，第一次行人工流产的妇女中亲密伴侣暴力的发生率是14.8%（调整后OR=1.57,95%CI 1.07-2.30,P=0.02）。当我们将性、躯体、心理的虐待分开来考虑，发现不同形式的虐待在既往有人工流产史的妇女中的发生频率均高于在初次行人工流产的妇女的发生频率。
结论：这项研究强调了亲密伴侣暴力对反复人工流产的影响，建议在妇女需要行人工流产时调查有无亲密伴侣暴力的存在，从而识别有无反复人工流产的危险因素，并提高妇女的健康及生殖健康。
关键词：亲密伴侣暴力，人工流产， 流行病学，危险因素，性虐待
Started in 2009, the COSMOCoast project aims to the investigation of the potential of Remote Sensing in support to the management of coastal areas. Particular attention is paid to the contribution of ...data acquired from the COSMO-SkyMed constellation, in view of their frequency of acquisitions and ground resolution; in particular this paper aims at assessing the potential of COSMO-SkyMed data for coastline delineation. The results are conceived to be of particular interest for public administration bodies in charge of coastal defense. Keywords: Remote Sensing, Coastal Zones Management, COSMO-SkyMed.
Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful tools with extensive applications, but their tendency to memorize private information raises significant concerns as private data leakage can easily happen. ...In this paper, we introduce Private Association Editing (PAE), a novel defense approach for private data leakage. PAE is designed to effectively remove Personally Identifiable Information (PII) without retraining the model. Our approach consists of a four-step procedure: detecting memorized PII, applying PAE cards to mitigate memorization of private data, verifying resilience to targeted data extraction (TDE) attacks, and ensuring consistency in the post-edit LLMs. The versatility and efficiency of PAE, which allows for batch modifications, significantly enhance data privacy in LLMs. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of PAE in mitigating private data leakage. We believe PAE will serve as a critical tool in the ongoing effort to protect data privacy in LLMs, encouraging the development of safer models for real-world applications.
Understanding textual description to generate code seems to be an achieved capability of instruction-following Large Language Models (LLMs) in zero-shot scenario. However, there is a severe ...possibility that this translation ability may be influenced by having seen target textual descriptions and the related code. This effect is known as Data Contamination. In this study, we investigate the impact of Data Contamination on the performance of GPT-3.5 in the Text-to-SQL code-generating tasks. Hence, we introduce a novel method to detect Data Contamination in GPTs and examine GPT-3.5's Text-to-SQL performances using the known Spider Dataset and our new unfamiliar dataset Termite. Furthermore, we analyze GPT-3.5's efficacy on databases with modified information via an adversarial table disconnection (ATD) approach, complicating Text-to-SQL tasks by removing structural pieces of information from the database. Our results indicate a significant performance drop in GPT-3.5 on the unfamiliar Termite dataset, even with ATD modifications, highlighting the effect of Data Contamination on LLMs in Text-to-SQL translation tasks.
Incorporating explicit domain knowledge into neural-based task-oriented dialogue systems is an effective way to reduce the need of large sets of annotated dialogues. In this paper, we investigate how ...the use of explicit domain knowledge of conversational designers affects the performance of neural-based dialogue systems. To support this investigation, we propose the Conversational-Logic-Injection-in-Neural-Network system (CLINN) where explicit knowledge is coded in semi-logical rules. By using CLINN, we evaluated semi-logical rules produced by a team of differently skilled conversational designers. We experimented with the Restaurant topic of the MultiWOZ dataset. Results show that external knowledge is extremely important for reducing the need of annotated examples for conversational systems. In fact, rules from conversational designers used in CLINN significantly outperform a state-of-the-art neural-based dialogue system.
We present here the preliminary design of the RIZ module, one of the visible spectrographs of the ANDES instrument 1. It is a fiber-fed high-resolution, high-stability spectrograph. Its design ...follows the guidelines of successful predecessors such as HARPS and ESPRESSO. In this paper we present the status of the spectrograph at the preliminary design stage. The spectrograph will be a warm, vacuum-operated, thermally controlled and fiber-fed echelle spectrograph. Following the phase A design, the huge etendue of the telescope will be reformed in the instrument with a long slit made of smaller fibers. We discuss the system design of the spectrographs system.
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