Background: Treatment of chronic pain is challenging and there is often failure of recovery, with the need to look at different approaches in its management. Central mechanisms may contribute to ...chronicity (i.e. disturbance in body schema). Laterality judgment is dependent on body schema and can determine affected central mechanisms. Objective: This review aimed to determine whether there are laterality judgment differences between chronic pain and pain-free individuals. Methods: A search was done of various databases, using combinations of keywords, and reference lists of full-text articles. Articles were considered from inception until February 2018. Eighteen studies were included. Methodological quality was assessed by two reviewers using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Studies were analyzed broadly then divided into subgroups. A meta-analysis or narrative review was done. Results: There was high heterogeneity for broad outcome measures, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS1), and upper limb pain. Analysis for accuracy in lower limb conditions showed a medium significant effect size (0.59) and significant 95%CI (0.11-1.07). Low back and cervical pain results could not be pooled into meta-analysis (due to different methods of reporting). Conclusions: Laterality judgment impairment was shown in CPRS1, upper limb pain, hand and wrist pain, carpal-tunnel syndrome, facial pain, knee osteoarthritis, and leg pain. No conclusions could be drawn in low back pain, due to the low-quality evidence and differing results. There was no impairment in whiplash-associated disorders and nonspecific cervical pain showed conflicting evidence.
Background: Shoulder injuries in cricket are often undetected and untreated.Objectives: To determine whether there are associations between shoulder internal and external rotation range of movement ...(ROM), throwing arc (TA) ROM, glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD), external rotation gain (ERG), pectoralis minor muscle length and the incidence of shoulder injury during the first 3 months of a cricket season amongst provincial and club cricketers.Method: Male, actively participating, provincial and club cricketers were included in this prospective longitudinal cohort study. The independent variables included shoulder pain, which did not limit participation in cricket training and matches; shoulder external and internal rotation (ROM, TA ROM, GIRD and ERG) and pectoralis minor muscle length. Timeloss dominant shoulder injury was recorded for 3 months.Results: Nine of the 32 participants sustained dominant shoulder injuries. Initial non-timeloss shoulder pain during baseline testing was associated with time-loss in-season shoulder injury (p = 0.007). Statistically significant side-to-side differences were found for all of the independent variables (internal rotation ROM, TA ROM and pectoralis minor muscle length distance), with the exception of external rotation ROM, amongst the uninjured players.Conclusion: Non-time-loss-defined shoulder pain in actively participating cricketers seems to be a precursor to time-loss shoulder injury. Asymmetries in ROM and pectoralis minor muscle length in uninjured cricketers may have a protective role to play in the case of shoulder injury.Clinical implications: The presence of shoulder pain and asymmetries in ROM should be investigated during the pre-season screening procedures, and early intervention should be implemented where appropriate.
Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the effect of occluded vision on lower limb kinematics and kinetics of the knee joint during functional tasks including drop landing ...(single or double leg), squatting (single or double leg), stepping down, cutting movement and hopping in healthy individuals, or individuals who had an ACL reconstruction or deficiency with no vision impairments. Design A systematic review was conducted. Methods A systematic review was conducted and electronic databases were searched between March 2012 and April 2013 for eligible papers. Methodological quality of each study was assessed using the Downs and Black revised checklist. Results Six studies met the eligibility criteria and a wide variation in methodological approaches was reported. This small evidence base indicated equivocal evidence about the effect of vision on knee biomechanics in individuals with healthy and compromised somatosensory function post an ACL reconstruction or injury. Conclusions Clinicians should consider innovative, individualised ACL rehabilitation strategies when prescribing exercises which involve visual occlusion. Further research to increase the relatively small evidence base for the effect of vision on knee biomechanics is warranted.