Bone metastases are associated with increased morbidity and decreased quality of life in patients with solid tumors. Identifying patients at increased risk of bone metastases at diagnosis could lead ...to earlier interventions. We sought to retrospectively identify the incidence and predictive factors for bone metastases at initial diagnosis in a large population-based dataset.
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify patients 18 years-old or older diagnosed with solid cancers from 2010 to 2019. Patients with hematologic malignancies and primary tumors of the bone were excluded. We calculated the incidence and predictive factors for bone metastases according to demographic and tumor characteristics.
Among 1,132,154 patients identified, 1,075,070 (95.0%) had known bone metastasis status and were eligible for the study. Bone metastases were detected in 55,903 patients (5.2% of those with known bone metastases status). Among patients with bone metastases, the most common primary tumors arose from lung (44.4%), prostate (19.3%), breast (12.3%), kidney (4.0%), and colon (2.2%). Bone metastases at presentation were most common in small cell lung cancer (25.2%), non-small cell lung cancer (18.0%), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (9.4%). In addition to stage classification, predictors for bone metastases included Gleason score (OR 95.7 (95% CI 73.1 - 125.4) for Grade Group 5 vs 1 and OR 42.6 (95% CI 32.3 - 55.9) for Group 4 vs 1) and PSA (OR 14.2 (95% CI 12.6 - 16.0) for PSA > 97 vs 0 - 9.9) for prostate cancer, HER2 and hormonal receptor (HR) status (OR 2.2 (95% CI 1.9 - 2.6) for HR+/HER2+ vs HR-/HER2-) for breast cancer, histology (OR 2.5 (95% CI 2.3 - 2.6) for adenocarcinoma vs squamous) for lung cancer, and rectal primary (OR 1.2 (95% 1.1 - 1.4) vs colon primary) and liver metastases (OR 8.6 (95% CI 7.3 - 10.0) vs no liver metastases) for colorectal tumors.
Bone metastases at presentation are commonly seen in solid tumors, particularly lung, prostate, breast, and kidney cancers. Clinical and pathologic factors are associated with a significantly increased risk for bone metastases.
There is little information regarding the risk of sensitization associated with topical atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment. To assess the frequency of sensitization to topical treatment of AD in ...children and to determine risk factors associated with skin sensitization. Six hundred and forty-one children with AD were systematically patch tested with seven agents of common topical treatment: chlorhexidine, hexamidine, budesonide, tixocortol pivalate, bufexamac, sodium fusidate and with the current emollient used by the child. The following variables were recorded: age, sex, age at onset of AD, associated asthma, severity of AD, and history of previous exposure to topical agents used in the treatment of AD. Skin prick tests to inhalant and food allergens were used to explore the IgE-mediated sensitization. Forty-one positive patch tests were found in 40 patients (6.2%). Allergens were emollients (47.5%), chlorhexidine (42.5%), hexamidine (7.5%), tixocortol pivalate and bufexamac (2.5% each). Risk factors associated with sensitization to AD treatment were AD severity OR: 3.3; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.5-7.1 for moderate to severe AD, AD onset before the age of 6 months (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2-6.1), and IgE-mediated sensitization (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1-5.9). Topical treatment of AD is associated with cutaneous sensitization. Antiseptics and emollients represent the most frequent sensitizers and may be included in the standard series in AD children when contact dermatitis is suspected. Risk factors associated with sensitization to AD topical treatments are AD severity, early AD onset and IgE-mediated sensitization.
A new model-free screening method, called Derivative Empirical Likelihood Independent Screening (D-ELSIS), is proposed for high-dimensional regression analysis. Without requiring a specific ...parametric form of the underlying model, our method is able to identify explanatory variables that contribute to the explanation of the response variable in nonparametric and non-additive contexts. In addition, with our method we are also able to identify the relevant variables that have a nonlinear effect on the response variable. This approach is fully nonparametric and combines the estimation of the first marginal derivatives by the local polynomial estimator together with the empirical likelihood technique. Our approach can handle a dimensionality that grows exponentially with the sample size. We report some simulation results and a real data example to show that the D-ELSIS screening approach performs satisfactorily, compared with the most direct competitors.
A method for a first-order approximation estimation of the longitudinal impedance of a synchrotron component, starting from power loss measurements on the device, is proposed. This method also ...estimates the resonance frequency and the quality factor of the impedance after the execution of several machine runs, without disconnecting the device. After a detailed description of the method, its suitability is demonstrated through a practical case study using power loss measurements of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN).
Study of the IC443 SNR with the Fermi LAT Giordano, F.
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
02/2011, Letnik:
630, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
During the first six months of data taking the Fermi satellite was capable to detect gamma ray emission of the nearby supernova remnant IC443 (G189.1+3.0). IC443 is a shell-type supernova remnant ...located in the anticenter region where observation can be made clean enough from possible foreground and background overlap, even though care has to be taken due to the vicinity of one of the brightest gamma-ray pulsars, Geminga. IC443 estimated age (20–30
kyr) and the observed two-shell morphology with different radii suggest that the SNR shell has been interacting with surrounding interstellar matter and a neighboring SNR shell. Also the detection of strong molecular emission lines and TeV gamma-ray emission support the idea that the blast has been interacting with dense molecular gas accelerating cosmic-ray particle. After the first year of data taking, Fermi will be surely capable to determine the spatial extension and resolve in much finer details the spectral shape of the gamma-ray emission produced by the accelerated cosmic rays in IC443 distinguished from those of galactic origin.
•VoA – DBS is effective on both dystonia and tremor.•VoA – DBS benefits are not impaired by tolerance or side effects.•The variable VoA-DBS outcome previously reported were not proven by VTA ...simulation.•Application of new consensus on tremor classification may improve patient selection.
This paper is integral part of the Special Issue on “Existing Concrete Structures: Structural Health Monitoring and Testing for condition assessment.” It deals with vibration‐based methods (VBMs) for ...damage localization that approach the problem of structural integrity management through the analysis of the dynamic response of the structure under ambient or forced vibrations. In the last years, these methods received a widespread interest in the structural health monitoring (SHM) community due to the possibility to use them for continuous SHM and real time damage identification. The performance of these methods is commonly verified on numerical models or laboratory specimens that, by their nature, cannot reproduce all the sources of uncertainties found in practice. The availability of data recorded on a real benchmark, the S101 bridge in Austria, enabled the comparison of three well known vibration‐based time‐invariant methods for damage localization, namely, the curvature method, the interpolation error method, and the strain energy method. The bridge, built in the early 1960, is a typical example of a European highway bridge. Responses to ambient vibrations were recorded both in the undamaged and in several different damage scenarios artificially inflicted to the bridge. This paper reports the results of the application of the three mentioned methods of damage localization to this case study.
The accumulation of plagues of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The redox-active Cu and Fe complexes of Aβ can cause damage to the neurons potentially ...via reactive oxygen species (ROS). The significant metal-mediated oxidative activity of CuAβ suggests that its presence can be chemically devastating regardless whether it is a cause or a result of AD. Flavonoids exhibit various benefits to human health, attributable to their metal-binding and antioxidation activities to certain extents. Despite broad interests and extensive studies of their metal-binding properties and anti/pro-oxidation activities, these properties and the mechanisms of the activities toward metal-centered oxidation reactions have not been fully revealed and concluded. We report herein distinctive antioxidation mechanisms between two flavonoid families toward the oxidation reactions by CuAβ1–20, wherein the flavonols quercetin (Qr) and myricetin (Mr) competitively inhibit the oxidation of catechol by CuAβ1–20 with K i of 11.2 and 32.6 μM, respectively, whereas the flavanols catechin (Ct) and epicatechin (Et) are substrates with k cat = 1.01 × 10–2 and 1.55 × 10–3 s–1 and K m = 0.94 and 0.55 mM, respectively. Qr has a nearly 10-fold higher antioxidative efficacy than Ct against the oxidation activity of CuAβ, while Ct is effectively oxidized, which further decreases its antioxidant capacity. Similar inhibition patterns are observed toward oxidation of the catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine by CuAβ1–20. Metal ions and CuAβ bind Qr with a 1:1 ratio under our experimental conditions through the α-ketoenolate moiety as determined by the use of Co2+ and Yb3+ as paramagnetic NMR probes. Unlike flavanols, which are merely suicide antioxidative substrates, flavonols bind to the metal center and prevent metal-mediated redox reactions. We suggest flavonols may serve as leads for drug discovery and/or as agents toward preventing metal-mediated oxidative stress due to AD and other disorders. Moreover, CuAβ shows 8.6- and 4.2-fold higher kinetic regioselectivity in terms of k cat and k cat/K m, respectively, toward the peroxidation of Ct than that of the enantiomer Et, suggesting potential development of metallo-catalysts in regioselective catalysis by the use of metallopeptides as templates.
The responses of Ammonia parkinsoniana (Foraminifera) exposed to different concentrations of lead (Pb) were evaluated at the cytological level. Foraminifera-bearing sediments were placed in mesocosms ...that were housed in aquaria each with seawater of a different lead concentration. On the basis of transmission electron microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometer analyses, it was possible to recognize numerous morphological differences between untreated (i.e., control) and treated (i.e., lead enrichment) specimens. In particular, higher concentrations of this pollutant led to numerical increase of lipid droplets characterized by a more electron-dense core, proliferation of residual bodies, a thickening of the organic lining, mitochondrial degeneration, autophagosome proliferation and the development of inorganic aggregates. All these cytological modifications might be related to the pollutant-induced stress and some of them such as the thickening of organic lining might suggest a potential mechanism of protection adopted by foraminifera.
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