A study was conducted on a new acid peroxygen system based disinfectant (Virkon), in order to assess its in vitro efficacy. The chemical was tested on different bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, ...Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli), spores (Bacillus subtilis) and on the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and compared in its activity with phenol and glutaraldehyde (calculation of the 'phenol coefficient' and the 'glutaraldehyde coefficient'). The constancy of speed of disinfection, the coefficient of concentration, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were also determined, and the destruction of the HBsAg antigenic activity was studied using an ELISA kit. The sporicidal efficacy of Virkon was assessed by cultivating spores in agar nutrient after contact with different dilutions of the disinfectant. The results of the tests showed that Virkon has a high concentration coefficient (mean value of k: 0.374/min) and a wide range of action. The low MIC demonstrates how little concentrations of Virkon can inactivate all studied bacteria. The disinfectant was also able to destroy the hepatitis B surface antigen, and it demonstrated good activity against spores, especially if used in physiologic solution. These characteristics, coupled with the absence of irritation or toxic effects on animals showed by other studies, make wide fields of application for the new disinfectant foreseeable.
O presente trabalho pretende compreender as origens e os fundamentos do
ativismo jurisdicional do Supremo Tribunal Federal, que tem sido intensificada
desde a Emenda Constitucional 45/ 2004. ...Relacionando-o ao contexto das tensões
entre constitucionalismo e democracia, ficou demonstrando que a consolidação de
um constitucionalismo democrático, que levou à expansão do poder judicial de
maneira global, apresenta peculariedades no caso brasileiro, cujo processo
historiográfico ainda revela a existência de estruturas arcaicas e o
desenvolvimento de uma constitucionalização simbólica. A partir dessa análise
histórica e teórica, é mostrado como no Brasil, em vez de um movimento ativista
de reforço de direitos humanos pelo STF, a própria corte alarga seus limites
jurisdicionais. Reconhece-se que a judicialização de relações sociais e políticas
trouxe o judiciário para a cena democrática, mas se discute a legitimidade de se
substituir a legislação pela jurisdição no papel de decidir questões morais de uma
sociedade.
Com base em teorias jurídicas contemporâneas, explicita-se porque há
descrença na dignidade da legislação e uma preferência pela hegemonia judicial.
Argumentos em favor da exclusividade ou superioridade do Judiciário em
questões constitucionais são testados. Ademais, enfatiza-se que a democracia
envolve conflito e que o direito pode oferecer uma arquitetura constitucional de
interação entre os órgãos estatais sem menosprezar o papel da política na
construção da realidade.
This work aims to understand the origins and grounds of Supremo
Tribunal Federal´s jurisdictional activism, that has been increased since Emenda
Constitucional 45/2004. By relating it with the context of tensions between
constitutionalism and democracy, it has been demonstrated that the consolidation
of a democratic constitutionalism, which has taken to the global expansion of
judicial power, has special features in Brazil, whose historiography process still
reveals the existence of archaichs frameworks and the development of a symbolic
constitutionalization. From this historical and theoretical analysis, it is showed
how in Brazil, instead of taking place an activist movement of strengthening
human rights by STF, the court itself extends its jurisdictional limits. It is
acknowledged that the judicialization of social and political relations brought the
judiciary to democratic scene, but it is discussed the legitimacy by replacing
legislation for jurisdiction in the role of deciding moral issues from a society.
Based in contemporary law theories, it is explained why there is a disbelief in the
dignity of legislation and a preference for the judicial hegemony. There have been
tested arguments in favor for the exclusiveness or the superiority of the Judiciary
in constitutional issues. Furthermore, it is emphasized that democracy involves
conflict and that law can offer a constitutional architecture of interaction between
state departments without despising the politics´ role in building the reality.
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
O presente trabalho pretende compreender as origens e os fundamentos do
ativismo jurisdicional do Supremo Tribunal Federal, que tem sido ...intensificada
desde a Emenda Constitucional 45/ 2004. Relacionando-o ao contexto das tensões
entre constitucionalismo e democracia, ficou demonstrando que a consolidação de
um constitucionalismo democrático, que levou à expansão do poder judicial de
maneira global, apresenta peculariedades no caso brasileiro, cujo processo
historiográfico ainda revela a existência de estruturas arcaicas e o
desenvolvimento de uma constitucionalização simbólica. A partir dessa análise
histórica e teórica, é mostrado como no Brasil, em vez de um movimento ativista
de reforço de direitos humanos pelo STF, a própria corte alarga seus limites
jurisdicionais. Reconhece-se que a judicialização de relações sociais e políticas
trouxe o judiciário para a cena democrática, mas se discute a legitimidade de se
substituir a legislação pela jurisdição no papel de decidir questões morais de uma
sociedade.
Com base em teorias jurídicas contemporâneas, explicita-se porque há
descrença na dignidade da legislação e uma preferência pela hegemonia judicial.
Argumentos em favor da exclusividade ou superioridade do Judiciário em
questões constitucionais são testados. Ademais, enfatiza-se que a democracia
envolve conflito e que o direito pode oferecer uma arquitetura constitucional de
interação entre os órgãos estatais sem menosprezar o papel da política na
construção da realidade.
This work aims to understand the origins and grounds of Supremo
Tribunal Federal´s jurisdictional activism, that has been increased since Emenda
Constitucional 45/2004. By relating it with the context of tensions between
constitutionalism and democracy, it has been demonstrated that the consolidation
of a democratic constitutionalism, which has taken to the global expansion of
judicial power, has special features in Brazil, whose historiography process still
reveals the existence of archaichs frameworks and the development of a symbolic
constitutionalization. From this historical and theoretical analysis, it is showed
how in Brazil, instead of taking place an activist movement of strengthening
human rights by STF, the court itself extends its jurisdictional limits. It is
acknowledged that the judicialization of social and political relations brought the
judiciary to democratic scene, but it is discussed the legitimacy by replacing
legislation for jurisdiction in the role of deciding moral issues from a society.
Based in contemporary law theories, it is explained why there is a disbelief in the
dignity of legislation and a preference for the judicial hegemony. There have been
tested arguments in favor for the exclusiveness or the superiority of the Judiciary
in constitutional issues. Furthermore, it is emphasized that democracy involves
conflict and that law can offer a constitutional architecture of interaction between
state departments without despising the politics´ role in building the reality.
Myeloid cells comprise the majority of immune cells in tumors, contributing to tumor growth and therapeutic resistance. Incomplete understanding of myeloid cells response to tumor driver mutation and ...therapeutic intervention impedes effective therapeutic design. Here, by leveraging CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing, we generate a mouse model that is deficient of all monocyte chemoattractant proteins. Using this strain, we effectively abolish monocyte infiltration in genetically engineered murine models of de novo glioblastoma (GBM) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which show differential enrichment patterns for monocytes and neutrophils. Eliminating monocyte chemoattraction in monocyte enriched PDGFB-driven GBM invokes a compensatory neutrophil influx, while having no effect on Nf1-silenced GBM model. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that intratumoral neutrophils promote proneural-to-mesenchymal transition and increase hypoxia in PDGFB-driven GBM. We further demonstrate neutrophil-derived TNF-a directly drives mesenchymal transition in PDGFB-driven primary GBM cells. Genetic or pharmacological inhibiting neutrophils in HCC or monocyte-deficient PDGFB-driven and Nf1-silenced GBM models extend the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Our findings demonstrate tumor-type and genotype dependent infiltration and function of monocytes and neutrophils and highlight the importance of targeting them simultaneously for cancer treatments.
Tumors exhibit enhancer reprogramming compared to normal tissue. The etiology is largely attributed to cell-intrinsic genomic alterations. Here, using freshly resected primary CRC tumors and ...patient-matched adjacent normal colon, we find divergent epigenetic landscapes between CRC tumors and cell lines. Intriguingly, this phenomenon extends to highly recurrent aberrant super-enhancers gained in CRC over normal. We find one such super-enhancer activated in epithelial cancer cells due to surrounding inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. We restore this super-enhancer and its expressed gene, PDZK1IP1, following treatment with cytokines or xenotransplantation into nude mice, thus demonstrating cell-extrinsic etiology. We demonstrate mechanistically that PDZK1IP1 enhances the reductive capacity CRC cancer cells via the pentose phosphate pathway. We show this activation enables efficient growth under oxidative conditions, challenging the previous notion that PDZK1IP1 acts as a tumor suppressor in CRC. Collectively, these observations highlight the significance of epigenomic profiling on primary specimens.
Otofaciocervical syndrome (OFCS) is a rare disorder characterized by facial anomalies, cup‐shaped low‐set ears, preauricular fistulas, hearing loss, branchial defects, skeletal anomalies, and mild ...intellectual disability. Autosomal dominant cases are caused by deletions or point mutations of EYA1. A single family with an autosomal recessive form of OFCS and a homozygous missense mutation in PAX1 gene has been described.
We report whole exome sequencing of 4 members of a consanguineous family in which 2 children, showing features of OFCS, expired from severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). To date, the co‐occurrence of OFCS and SCID has never been reported. We found a nonsense homozygous mutation in PAX1 gene in the 2 affected children. In mice, Pax1 is required for the formation of specific skeletal structures as well as for the development of a fully functional thymus. The mouse model strongly supports the hypothesis that PAX1 depletion in our patients caused thymus aplasia responsible for SCID.
This report provides evidence that bi‐allelic null PAX1 mutations may lead to a multi‐system autosomal recessive disorders, where SCID might represent the main feature.
Segregation of a novel PAX1 mutation in a highly consanguineous family. The 2 homozygous children showed otofaciocervical syndrome and severe combined immunodeficiency, while heterozygous family member presented preauricular pits.
A praticabilidade tributaria, sobretudo no Brasil, pode ser vista como uma categoria "nova", já que os esforços de sistematizaçâo racional do tema sao recentes. Este artigo investiga a natureza e o ...fundamento da praticabilidade tributaria no Sistema Constitucional brasileiro. Após esse esforço analítico, estabelecem-se criterios de controle do uso da praticabilidade, como forma de evitar usos meramente retóricos do princípio. Essa conjugaçao de análises semántica, sintática e pragmática do tema permite que se revele a funcionalidade, por excelencia, da praticabilidade, que é a busca da reduçao da complexidade do Sistema Tributario, colaborando, ainda, para se investigar as conexoes próximas do tema com o dever de conformidade. Para tanto, investiga-se, a partir de aportes da psicologia comportamental, como praticabilidade e conforme se imbricam, a ponto de induzir comportamentos dos contribuintes e órgaos fazendários, melhorando o Sistema Tributario pelo fomento da cooperaçao nas relaçöes entre eles.
Busca-se estudar o fenômeno do planejamento tributário, principal aliado dos empresários do século XXI. Tem como objetivo geral demonstrar como um planejamento tributário feito em conformidade com a ...lei pode ser um instrumento eficaz de competitividade empresarial, na medida em que gera economia tributária ao empresário. Por tratar-se de um artigo científico buscará utilizará como metodologia o levantamento bibliográfico e a análise de dados qualitativos.
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