Collaborative community-based research can bring a range of benefits to universities, communities, and the public more broadly. A distinct virtue of collaborative community-based research is that it ...makes the ethical–epistemic intersections and challenges in research a focal point of its methodology. This makes collaborative community-based research well positioned to address various forms of ‘epistemic injustice’ (Fricker, 2007) that demean certain people and groups as knowers and exclude them from knowledge production. In this article, we examine the ethical and epistemic advantages and challenges of collaborative community-based research in light of the concept of epistemic injustice. We argue that collaborative community-based research can help provide an institutional response to epistemic injustices often embedded within processes of knowledge production.
Survivors of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair constitute a large and growing population of patients. Although postsurgical outcome is generally favorable, as these patients move into adulthood, late ...morbidity is becoming more prevalent and the notion that TOF has been "definitively repaired" is increasingly being challenged. Recent evidence suggests that adverse long-term postsurgical outcome is related to chronic pulmonary regurgitation, right ventricular dilatation, and deteriorating ventricular function. Cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been established as an accurate technique for quantifying ventricular size, ejection fraction, and valvular regurgitation. Cardiac MR imaging does not expose the patient to ionizing radiation and is therefore ideal for serial postsurgical follow-up. Familiarity with the anatomic basis of TOF, the surgical approaches to repair, and postrepair sequelae is essential for performing and interpreting cardiac MR imaging examinations. For example, awareness of the complications and sequelae that can occur will assist in determining when to intervene to preserve ventricular function and will improve long-term outcome. Technical facility is necessary to tailor the examination to the individual patient (eg, familiarity with non-breath-hold modifications that allow evaluation of young and less compliant patients). The radiologist can play an essential role in the treatment of patients with repaired TOF by providing noninvasive anatomic and physiologic cardiac MR imaging data. Further technologic advances in cardiac MR imaging are likely to bring about new applications, better normative data, and more examinations that are operator independent.
This special issue engages ethical, epistemic, political, and institutional issues in projects of collaborative research for justice that were designed with movements contesting policing, school ...closures, and youth disinvestment and unemployment. Three of the articles were collaboratively written by activists and scholars who drew from movements that deployed research for community-driven progressive change. The movements and the research are thus situated at the intersection of struggles against a resurgent anti-immigrant white supremacy, gentrification, a punitive carceral state, low pay and lack of meaningful employment opportunities, and the privatization of the public sector. These articles build upon and are in conversation with a set of related articles published in the spring 2018 special issue of Urban Education(Warren et al, 2018) that also addressed ethical, epistemic, political, and institutional tensions in collaborative research for justice. This EPAA special issue aims to advance the discussion through deep reflection within the context of focal ‘cases’ and within efforts to open space within universities for modes of engaged scholarship that can respond to the challenges of the current moment, as described in the articles that bookend the cases. Taken all together, this special issue demonstrates how scholars, educators, teachers, activists, community leaders, and policy makers can use the production and mobilization of knowledge as a force for building, supporting, sustaining, and advancing multi-issue movements for justice not just in schools and the academy but also in communities of color and others aggrieved by current inequities.
Two long-time scholar-activists reflect on a distinctive approach to research that they call collaborative research for justice, research that is conducted with community leaders and education ...activists to advance equity and social justice. They argue that by linking research directly with action this kind of research has the power to speak directly to the current crises not only in education, but also in the other institutions of civil society. Drawing on decades of experience in public research universities, local community based organizations, inter/national disciplinary research organizations, and distributed informal networks of engaged scholars, social justice activists, and community leaders, they reflect specifically on the more recent formation of the Urban Research Based Action Network (URBAN), a national network of people enacting a variety of forms of collaborative research for justice, now with more than 1500 members. They outline lessons that might contribute to building the multi-issue movement for educational justice that they believe is required to transform public schools to make them serve the needs of the most disadvantaged, aggrieved, and inequitably treated communities. In its short history URBAN has already impacted the academy through the gatherings and meetings it has hosted as well as through a rigorous publishing agenda, including a special issue of EPAA in which this article appears.
Purpose: This paper conceptualizes a just leadership learning ecology through an analysis of one nontraditional site of leadership preparation: the Highlander Research and Education Center ...(originally founded as the Highlander Folk School). Methodology: Drawing on cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) and institutional theory (IT), we examine the core design and pedagogy of Highlander, which co-founder, Myles Horton, referred to as the “Highlander idea.” Findings: We illustrate how a residential learning and living environment, norms of epistemic humility and democratic decision making, and horizontal teaching and learning roles fostered social justice leadership. This just leadership learning ecology reflected institutions present at the time of Highlander's founding, including cultural scripts rooted in prophetic Christianity, class consciousness, and unfolding social movements in Appalachia and the South. Implications: Our analysis of Highlander extends recent efforts to re-envision the how and who of leadership preparation and addresses the observed lack of coherence within this subfield.
The infant skull: a vault of information Glass, Ronald B J; Fernbach, Sandra K; Norton, Karen I ...
Radiographics,
03/2004, Letnik:
24, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The art of interpreting skull radiographs is slowly being lost as trainees in radiology see fewer plain radiographs and depend more heavily on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. ...Nevertheless, skull radiographs still provide significant information that is helpful in finding pathologic conditions and appreciating their extents. Abnormalities in the skull may be reflected as variations in the density, size, and shape of the skull, as well as skull defects. Skeletal dysplasias may manifest as a generalized decrease in calvarial density (hypophosphatasia, osteogenesis imperfecta), a generalized increase in calvarial density (osteopetrosis), or a focal increase in density (frontometaphyseal dysplasia). Diffusely decreased or increased calvarial density is usually associated with a process that affects the entire skeleton. Therefore, correct differentiation among these dysplasias depends on other concurrent features. Decreased size of the cranial vault at birth generally implies an underlying insult to the brain, including fetal alcohol syndrome and the so-called TORCH infections (toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus infection, herpes simplex). Macrocephaly may result from skeletal dysplasia or an increase in the intracranial volume (eg, due to underlying anomalies of the brain such as hydrocephalus).
The manifestations of many congenital and acquired conditions can be seen in the ribs of children. Normal variants are usually clinically insignificant; they are occasionally palpated at clinical ...examination or detected incidentally at chest radiography. Signs of abnormality can appear in the ribs as variations in number, size, mineralization, and shape. These changes can be focal or generalized. Abnormalities detected in the ribs may be the initial indication of previously unsuspected systemic disease. The ribs can yield important diagnostic clues in the work-up of patients with congenital bone dysplasias, acquired metabolic diseases, iatrogenic conditions, trauma (especially child abuse), infection, and neoplasms. Routine evaluation of the ribs on every chest radiograph is important so that valuable diagnostic data will not be overlooked. The diagnostic information obtained from evaluation of the ribs can help tailor the radiologic and laboratory studies that may be necessary to complete a patient's diagnostic work-up.
Discute premissas subjacentes a perspectivas sobre raça e permite uma abordagem mais estratégica para transformar o racismo. Define cinco posições – supremacia racial, cegueira racial, sensibilidade ...racial, crítica racial e antirracista – que sugerem um caminho de desenvolvimento moral e político que pode guiar o trabalho nas escolas e na sociedade para superar o racismo. O objetivo da análise não é atribuir culpa ao passado ou ao presente; ao contrário, é fornecer uma estrutura para apoiar a responsabilidade e a prestação de contas individual e coletiva que pode levar à implementação de um grau maior de justiça. A educação racialmente crítica e antirracista une as pessoas à história de lutas por justiça e une umas às outras para as próximas lutas, criando assim o sonho de uma democracia justa mais perto de se tornar realidade.
The migration of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) from the superior or inferior vena cava into the right atrium can pose a significant risk of lethal pericardial effusion and tamponade ...secondary to myocardial perforation. Arm movement has been reported to cause displacement of the catheter tip toward the heart and lead to ventricular tachycardia in adults. The objective of this study was to investigate whether adduction or abduction at the shoulder and flexion or extension at the elbow affect the position of PICCs placed via upper limb veins. We also hypothesized that arm movements can be used to reposition malpositioned catheters.
A total of 280 radiographs of 60 neonates with PICCs inserted via upper limb veins from July 2000 through June 2001 were reviewed. Differences in catheter tip position as a result of abduction versus adduction at the shoulder, flexion versus extension at the elbow, and combination changes in arm posture were determined by measurements in paired radiographs. Correction of malpositioned catheters was attempted in 10 patients by using arm movements without any alterations at the site of insertion.
Arm movements were associated with significant displacement of catheters. Catheters that were placed via the basilic or axillary vein migrated toward the heart with adduction of the arm, whereas those that were placed via the cephalic vein moved away from the heart with adduction. Flexion of the elbow displaced catheters that were placed in the basilic or cephalic vein below the elbow toward the heart but did not have any effect on catheters that were placed via the axillary vein. For catheters that were placed in the basilic vein, simultaneous shoulder adduction and elbow flexion caused the greatest movement toward the heart (15.11 +/- 1.22 mm). We were able to reposition correctly inappropriately placed catheters in 9 of 10 patients by using arm movements.
Arm movements significantly affect the position of the tip of the PICCs. Prevention of catheter migration into the right atrium requires radiographic determination of vein of insertion and monitoring of catheter tip position with upper extremity in position of maximum inward movement of catheter for that vein. Arm movements can be used to correct the malpositioned catheters.
Este artigo examina, critica e amplia os fundamentos ontológicos, epistemológicos, éticos e políticos da teoria da educação libertadora de Paulo Freire; também situa o legado de Freire dentro da ...aplicação global de suas ideias em um amplo espectro de contextos educacionais.O texto defende historicidade e práxis como características essenciais da natureza humana, expõe os problemas das noções de identidades autênticas e constrói um entendimento historicizado da produção de conhecimento.O artigo defende que a educação libertadora deve estar baseada em uma ética sem presunção acoplada a uma política de não-violência militante.
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