Let H=−Δ+V be a Schrödinger operator on L2(Rn) with real-valued potential V for n>4 and let H0=−Δ. If V has sufficiently rapid decay, the wave operators defined as W±=s−limt→±∞eitHe−itH0 are known ...to be bounded on Lp(Rn) for all 1≤p≤∞ if zero is not an eigenvalue, and on 1<p<n2 if zero is an eigenvalue. We show that these wave operators are also bounded on L1(Rn) by direct examination of the integral kernel of the leading term. Furthermore, if ∫RnV(x)ϕ(x)dx=0 for all eigenfunctions ϕ, then the wave operators are Lp bounded for 1≤p<n. If, in addition ∫RnxV(x)ϕ(x)dx=0, then the wave operators are bounded for 1≤p<∞.
Acts of loving kindness Goldberg, Michael J.
Journal of children's orthopaedics,
08/2008, Letnik:
2, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The pharmaceutical and equipment manufacturing industry capture the loyalty of physicians with gifts and lavish meals; pay them as consultants even though they may do little or no consulting; funds ...their research often with the caveat that the manufacturer owns the raw data, and offers memberships on drug company advisory boards, positions that command tens of thousands of dollars annually. Report cards are issued by self-serving and self-appointed accrediting agencies. Because the ability to separate fact from fiction is challenging, patients look to us to be their guide through this information maze. Some would argue that it was the result of managed care schemes that created the perception that care was being limited; or that trust was damaged because of public disclosure of complex financial relations between industry and doctors; or that trust was violated when the safety of research subjects was knowingly put at risk. Because we feel so vulnerable when we are ill, a loss of trust in those who care for us is devastating. Initiatives to train young doctors to be more sensitive; initiatives to improve communication with patients; initiatives to make care more patient centered is not the solution in either the short or long term.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Although, microscopic colitis (MC) can be considered as spectrum of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), MC is very different in many aspects; in terms of risk factors, symptoms, ...course of disease, treatment, and complication. Low bone mineral density (BMD) is previously known as complication of IBD. There are few data about MC and risk of bone density loss. We conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the association between MC and low BMD.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases through October 2021 to identify studies that demonstrated association between clinical outcomes of interest, MC and low BMD. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method.
RESULTS
After two rounds of review, four studies met our eligibility criteria and were included in analysis. The result showed statistically significant association between MC and low bone density (pooled OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.06 - 4.38, p = 0.03) The forest plots and funnel plots are shown below.
CONCLUSIONS
Our meta-analysis found significant association between MC and low bone density. Therefore, this data may suggest that BMD screening could be applied for MC patients, and such patients may have benefit from calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Further studies should be done to determine the significance of this issue.
To evaluate correlations of arch size and sex with the interocclusal rest distance (IORD), as well as to estimate proportional variance.
A total of 106 participants were examined. The participants, ...38 men and 68 women, were aged 22 to 30 years, were fully dentate, had no signs of abnormal abrasion, and had intact posterior occlusal contacts. Measurements of interocclusal rest distance and tragus-incisal distance were recorded, and the rest angle created between the tragus-incisal distance in maximum intercuspation and in resting vertical dimension were calculated according to the cosine formula. Correlation between the size of the mandible (tragus-incisal distance, mean of left and right sides) and the IORD were calculated using Pearson correlation coefficient. Correlations for sex (calculated separately for male and female) and rest angle were also assessed.
The mean (SD) tragus-incisal distance values were 123.38 (6.77) mm for all participants, 120.01 (4.64) mm for women, and 130.72 (5.24) mm for men. The mean (SD) IORD values were 2.76 (1.3) mm for all participants, 2.13 (0.9) mm for women, and 3.87 (1.17) mm for men. The mean (SD) rest angle values were 1.26 (0.55) degrees for all participants, 1.02 (0.41) degrees for women, and 1.7 (0.49) degrees for men. Pearson correlation coefficient between IORD and tragus-incisal distance was significant (P < .05). According to t test, there was a significant difference between men and women for IORD, tragus-incisal distance, and rest angle (P < .01).
A correlation exists between IORD and arch size. A statistically significant difference was found between men and women for IORD and arch size values.
We have characterized the Drosophila mitotic checkpoint control protein Bub1 and obtained mutations in the bub1 gene. Drosophila Bub1 localizes strongly to the centromere/kinetochore of mitotic and ...meiotic chromosomes that have not yet reached the metaphase plate. Animals homozygous for P-element-induced, near-null mutations of bub1 die during late larval/pupal stages due to severe mitotic abnormalities indicative of a bypass of checkpoint function. These abnormalities include accelerated exit from metaphase and chromosome missegregation and fragmentation. Chromosome fragmentation possibly leads to the significantly elevated levels of apoptosis seen in mutants. We have also investigated the relationship between Bub1 and other kinetochore components. We show that Bub1 kinase activity is not required for phosphorylation of 3F3/2 epitopes at prophase/prometaphase, but is needed for 3F3/2 dephosphorylation at metaphase. Neither 3F3/2 dephosphorylation nor loss of Bub1 from the kinetochore is a prerequisite for anaphase entry. Bub1's localization to the kinetochore does not depend on the products of the genes zw10, rod, polo, or fizzy, indicating that the kinetochore is constructed from several independent subassemblies.
Roman Frydman, New York University
Michael D. Goldberg, University of New Hampshire
Abstract
The paper makes use of an Imperfect Knowledge Economics (IKE) approach to examine the rationale and scope ...of state intervention in asset markets. IKE recognizes that policy officials and market participants must cope with ever-imperfect knowledge of the causal mechanism driving market outcomes. In our IKE-based model of asset markets, price swings arise from participants' diverse interpretations of the effects of fundamentals on outcomes. Under IKE, the market is an imperfect mechanism for setting values. However, the paper argues that, within a range of prices, the market's allocation is superior to the allocation that would result if the state actively intervened into the price-setting mechanism. During periods of non-excessive prices, swings play an indispensible role in helping society to allocate scarce capital and the state should confine its intervention to setting the rules of the game, that is, ensuring transparency and eliminating other market failures. However, price swings can sometimes move far from levels consistent with most perceptions of longer-term fundamental values. If they do, the IKE approach calls for active intervention to dampen excessive movements. The paper proposes the use of official "guidance ranges" and discusses problems with their estimation. It also proposes an array of other excess-countering measures and concludes with ideas on how regulators can better measure and manage systemic risk in the financial system.
Recommended Citation
Frydman, Roman and Goldberg, Michael D.
(2009)
"Financial Markets and the State: Long Swings, Risk, and the Scope of Regulation,"
Capitalism and Society:
Vol. 4
:
Iss.
2, Article 2.
DOI: 10.2202/1932-0213.1061
Available at: http://www.bepress.com/cas/vol4/iss2/art2
Discussion and Commentary
Jeffrey D. Sachs, Columbia University, Comment on "Financial Markets and the State: Long Swings, Risk, and the Scope of Regulation" (by Roman Frydman and Michael D. Goldberg) (October 2009)
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Primary hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrinopathies related to the use of nivolumab, a monoclonal antibody against the immune checkpoint molecule programmed death-1 ...(PD-1). The long-term course of this condition, especially after the completion of nivolumab treatment, has not been widely reported.
CLINICAL CASE: A 70-year-old man presented with weight gain despite poor appetite, cold intolerance, and constipation. He noticed these symptoms after receiving the first three months of treatment with nivolumab for renal cell carcinoma. His heart rate was 66, blood pressure was 130/79 mm Hg, and body mass index was 28.3. The thyroid gland was normal-sized without palpable nodules, deep tendon reflexes were normal, and cardiac and pulmonary exams were unremarkable. Laboratory test results were consistent with primary hypothyroidism: thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was elevated at 97.11 mIU/L (normal, 0.35-4.70 mIU/L), and total thyroxine was less than 1 mcg/dL (normal, 4.5-12.0 mcg/dL). Both anti-TPO antibody (222.6 IU/ml, normal<5.6 IU/ml) and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (10.6 IU/ml, normal <4.1 IU/ml) levels were elevated. There was no prior history of thyroid disease; two of the patient’s sisters had chronic hypothyroidism. Treatment with levothyroxine resulted in rapid resolution of symptoms. With dose titration of levothyroxine over the course of a few months, the patient achieved biochemical euthyroidism. Nivolumab therapy was continued for more than two years, during which a stable levothyroxine dose was maintained, and the patient remained clinically and biochemically euthyroid. Ultimately the renal cell carcinoma was determined to be in remission, and nivolumab therapy was stopped. Subsequently, the anti-TPO antibody titer was observed to have returned to the normal range (2.3 IU/ml). However, as of five months following discontinuation of nivolumab, and 32 months since the onset of thyroid dysfunction, the patient’s hypothyroidism persists as reflected by non-suppressed TSH values on levothyroxine treatment.
CONCLUSION: We have observed the course of nivolumab-induced primary hypothyroidism over almost three years in an individual patient. The hypothyroidism has persisted, requiring ongoing levothyroxine replacement at a dose of approximately 1.4 mcg/kg daily. An interesting feature of this case is the disappearance of anti-TPO antibody positivity after discontinuation of nivolumab. We speculate that the ongoing hypothyroidism despite the absence of detectable autoantibodies may be related to progressive thyroid cell apoptosis. Further long-term observations will determine whether permanence of nivolumab-induced hypothyroidism is the rule.
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