Although CD8
T cell tolerance to tissue-specific antigen (TSA) is essential for host homeostasis, the mechanisms underlying peripheral cross-tolerance and whether they may differ between tissue sites ...remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that peripheral cross-tolerance to intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-derived antigen involves the generation and suppressive function of FoxP3
CD8
T cells. FoxP3
CD8
T
generation was dependent on intestinal cDC1, whose absence led to a break of tolerance and epithelial destruction. Mechanistically, intestinal cDC1-derived PD-L1, TGFβ, and retinoic acid contributed to the generation of gut-tropic CCR9
CD103
FoxP3
CD8
T
Last, CD103-deficient CD8
T cells lacked tolerogenic activity in vivo, indicating a role for CD103 in FoxP3
CD8
T
function. Our results describe a role for FoxP3
CD8
T
in cross-tolerance in the intestine for which development requires intestinal cDC1.
Introducción: Durante la hospitalización, los neonatos están sometidos a constantes procedimientos dolorosos y estresantes. Está demostrado que la lactancia materna realiza un efecto analgésico. Este ...beneficio analgésico se conoce como tetanalgesia.
Objetivo: Valorar el conocimiento de los profesionales sanitarios sobre la tetanalgesia y analizar las causas de su falta de implantación durante los procedimientos dolorosos realizados en el neonato hospitalizado.
Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo, mediante un cuestionario validado autocumplimentado por los profesionales sanitarios en la Unidad de Neonatología del Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (Sevilla).
Resultados y Conclusiones: Del total de la población estudiada, 51 profesionales sanitarios, sólo el 45% conoce el concepto de tetanalgesia lo que denota el déficit de formación al respecto. De estos, sólo el 22% lo aplica. Las causas principales de la no aplicabilidad fueron la falta de consenso de los profesionales (55,56%) y la falta de tiempo (38,89%), factores relacionados con el trabajo de equipo y con las condiciones de trabajo
To determine the crude and sex- and age-adjusted prevalence rates of atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD) and low HDL-cholesterol levels (low-HDLc), and to assess their associations with cardiovascular risk ...factors, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases.
Population-based cross-sectional study conducted in Primary Care, with randomly selected adult subjects. The AD was considered if the patients had hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL) and low-HDLc (<40 mg/dL men; <50 mg/dL women). Crude and sex- and age-adjusted prevalence rates were determined, and univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to assess related cardiometabolic factors.
Study population with 6,588 adults (55.9% women) with mean age 55.1 (±17.5) years. The mean HDLc levels were 49.2 (±12.6) mg/dL in men and 59.2 (±14.7) mg/dL in women. The crude prevalence rates of low-HDLc and AD were 30.8% (95%CI: 29.7–31.9), and 14.3% (95%CI: 13.5–15.2), respectively. The adjusted prevalence rates of low-HDLc were 28.0% in men and 31.0% in women, and AD were 16.4% in men and 10.6% in women. Seventy-three percent of the population with AD had high or very high cardiovascular risk. The independent factors associated with low HDLc or with AD were diabetes, smoking, abdominal obesity, and obesity. The major factors associated with low HDLc and AD were hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes, respectively.
Almost a third of the adult population had low HDL-C and half of them met AD criteria. Cardiometabolic factors were associated with low HDL-C and AD, highlighting HTG with low HDLc, and DM with AD
Determinar las prevalencias ajustadas por edad y sexo de concentraciones bajas de colesterol HDL (cHDL-bajo) y de dislipidemia aterogénica (DA), y valorar sus asociaciones con factores de riesgo cardiovascular, enfermedad renal crónica, enfermedades cardiovasculares y cardiometabólicas.
Estudio observacional transversal de base poblacional realizado en Atención Primaria, con sujetos adultos seleccionados aleatoriamente. Se consideró DA si los pacientes tenían hipertrigliceridemia (triglicéridos ≥150 mg/dL) y cHDL-bajo (<40 mg/dL hombres; <50 mg/dL mujeres). Se determinaron las tasas de prevalencia crudas y ajustadas por edad y sexo, y se realizó análisis univariado y multivariante para evaluar los factores cardiometabólicos relacionados.
Población de estudio con 6.588 adultos (55,9% mujeres) con edad media 55,1 (±17,5) años. Las medias de cHDL fueron 49,2 (±12,6) mg/dL en hombres y 59,2 (±14,7) mg/dL en mujeres. Las prevalencias crudas de cHDL-bajo y de DA fueron 30,8% (IC95%: 29,7–31,9), y 14,3% (IC95%: 13,5–15,2), respectivamente. Las prevalencias ajustadas de cHDL-bajo fueron 28,0% en hombres y 31,0% en mujeres, y de DA fueron 16,4% en hombres y 10,6% en mujeres. El 73% de la población con DA tenía riesgo cardiovascular alto o muy alto. Los factores independientes asociados con cHDL-bajo o con DA fueron diabetes, tabaquismo, obesidad abdominal y obesidad. Los principales factores asociados con cHDL-bajo y con DA fueron hipertrigliceridemia y diabetes, respectivamente.
Casi un tercio de la población adulta presentaba cHDL-bajo y la mitad de ellos cumplía criterios de DA. Los factores cardiometabólicos se asociaban con cHDL-bajo y DA, destacando la HTG con el cHDL-bajo, y la DM con la DA.
Since the appearance of the term visual literacy in the second half of the 20th century, many authors have spoken of visual competencies. These competencies are acquired through the use of visual ...language and an understanding that the use of human and cultural capabilities makes people free to create and interpret messages. Furthermore, since the incorporation of new technologies, any prosumer (producer and consumer) can generate visual communication. This research develops and validates a questionnaire proposal to observe visual literacy in users of new technologies to analyze the state of literacy of image prosumers. This questionnaire is composed of 61 items that are related to habits in the reception, consumption, and production of images; the capacities of perception and visual interpretation; and the cultural aspects of the people who use images as a communicative vehicle. The purpose of this proposal is to facilitate the analysis of common characteristics that explain the moment in which people live from the point of view of visual communication and the cultural differences that are related to this field.
Background Besides its anti-inflammatory effects, cinnamaldehyde has been reported to have anti-carcinogenic activity. Here, we investigated its impact on immune cells. Methods Activation of nuclear ...factor- Kappa B by cinnamaldehyde (0-10 mu g/ml) alone or in combination with lipopolysaccharide was assessed in THP1XBlue human monocytic cell line and in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Proliferation and secretion of cytokines (IL10 and TNF alpha ) was determined in primary immune cells and the human cell lines (THP1, Jurkat E6-1 and Raji cell lines) stimulated with cinnamaldehyde alone or in conjunction with lipopolysaccharide. Nitric oxide was determined in mouse RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, different treated PBMCs were stained for CD3, CD20 and AnnexinV. Results Low concentrations (up to 1 mu g/ml) of cinnamaldehyde resulted in a slight increase in nuclar factor-kB activation, whereas higher concentrations led to a dose-dependent decrease of nuclear factor-kB activation (up to 50%) in lipopolysachharide-stimulated THP1 cells and PBMCs. Accordingly, nitric oxide, interleukin 10 secretion as well as cell proliferation were reduced in lipopolysachharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, PBMCs and THP1, Raji and Jurkat-E6 immune cells in the presence of cinnamaldehyde in a concentration-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis of PBMCs revealed that CD3+ were more affected than CD20+ cells to apopotosis by cinnamaldehyde. Conclusion We attribute the anti-inflammatory properties of cinnamaldehyde to its ability to block nuclear factor- Kappa B activation in immune cells. Treatment with cinnamaldehyde led to inhibition of cell viability, proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in primary and immortalized immune cells. Therefore, despite its described anti-carcinogenic property, treatment with cinnamaldehyde in cancer patients might be contraindicated due to its ability to inhibit immune cell activation.
Introducción: El nacimiento prematuro lleva implícito una situación de inmadurez que afecta a todos los sistemas anatómicos y funcionales del recién nacido, condición de especial vulnerabilidad, con ...una frecuente asociación con otras patologías y/o alteraciones del desarrollo infantil.Objetivo: Conocer las dificultades en la escuela que pueden presentar los niños y niñas nacidos muy prematuros.Material y Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos como Pubmed, Medline, Scielo, Cochrane; seleccionando artículos científicos tanto en español como en inglés de los últimos 10 años. Resultados: Los niños y las niñas que nacen muy prematuros y/o con bajo peso al nacer, tienen un mayor riesgo de presentar dificultades que pueden perjudicar su correcto desarrollo en la infancia y la adolescencia. Algunas de las necesidades evidenciadas a nivel motor son el retraso motor simple y la parálisis cerebral; a nivel sensorio-cognitivo, fueron los problemas de aprendizaje y alteraciones sensoriales mayores; y a nivel socioemocional, se evidencian trastornos comportamentales como es la hiperactividad y trastornos emocionales como son la depresión, quejas somáticas, temores y fobias. Conclusiones: Los profesionales de salud, de la educación y las familias, deben conocer el riesgo que presentan los grandes prematuros de presentar dificultades y/o alteraciones que pueden interferir en la vida escolar, con el fin de trabajar conjuntamente en la prevención de dichas dificultades con una intervención temprana. El cuidado de enfermería debe ir mucho más allá de la situación aguda del recién nacido, siendo agente promotor de salud en todas las etapas de la vida del niño/a.
Introduction: Premature birth implicitly involves a situation of immaturity that affects all the anatomicaland functional systems of the newborn, a condition of special vulnerability, with a frequent association with other pathologies and / or alterations in child development.Objetive: To know the difficulties in school that children born very premature can presentMaterial and Methods: Bibliographic review in databases such as Pubmed, Medline, Scielo, Cochrane; selecting scientific articles in both Spanish and English for the last 10 years.Results: Children born very premature and / or with low birth weight, have a higher risk of presenting difficulties that may impair their proper development in childhood and adolescence. Some of the needs evidenced at the motor level are simple motor delay and cerebral palsy; at sensory-cognitive level, there were learning problems and major sensory alterations; and at a social-emotional level, there are behavioral disorders such as hyperactivity and emotional disorders such as depression, somatic complaints, fears and phobias.Conclusions: Health professionals, education and families must know the risk presented by large premature children to present difficulties and / or alterations that may interfere with school life, in order to work together in the prevention of such difficulties with a early intervention. Nursing care must go far beyond the acute situation of the newborn, being a promoter of health in all stages of the child's life.
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