The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has been devastating in all senses, particularly psychologically. Physical activity (PA) is known to aid psychological well-being, and it is worth ...investigating whether PA has been a coping strategy during this pandemic. The objective of this literature review is to analyze the extent to which engaging in PA during the COVID-19 pandemic impacts psychological health in the adult population. The literature was searched in all databases from the EBSCOhost Research Database-MEDLINE, APA PsycArticles, between others-published between 1 January 2019 and 15 July 2020. From 180 articles found, 15 were eligible. The reviewed articles showed an association between mental health distress-e.g., stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, social isolation, psychological distress-and PA. This research concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measures caused psychological distress. Those studies that analyzed PA showed that, during quarantine, adults increased their sedentary time and reduced their PA levels, showing controversial psychological outcomes. This review discusses whether PA is an effective strategy to face the COVID-19 pandemic psychological effects contributing to a further putative increase in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders.
Demands, Control, and Support Luchman, Joseph N; González-Morales, M. Gloria
Journal of occupational health psychology,
01/2013, Letnik:
18, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The job demands-control-support model (DCS;
Karasek, 1979
) is an influential theory for understanding how work characteristics relate to employee well-being, health, and performance. However, ...previous research has largely neglected theory-building regarding the interrelationships between job demands, control, and support. We remedy such theoretical underdevelopment by reviewing and integrating theory on the relationships between demands, control, and support to develop five hypotheses. We test our hypotheses within a meta-analytic framework using a set of 106 studies. Our results show negative demands-supervisor support and demands-coworker support relationships, but no significant demand-control relationship. Our findings also indicate positive control-supervisor support and control-coworker support relationships. Using the meta-analytic effect sizes, we also estimate two competing structural equation models intended to discern which theoretical model using DCS work characteristics to predict occupational strain and well-being is more consistent with our data. Our results suggest that job control and both sources of social support should be treated independently, as opposed to indicators of a shared latent factor, in terms of their prediction of well-being and job demands. Our study offers support for the usefulness of the DCS and more modern conceptualizations of the working environment in understanding the employee work experience and for predicting important work outcomes.
Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous disease. It is classified into eumycetoma caused by fungi and actinomycetoma due to filamentous actinomycetes. Mycetoma can be found in geographic areas in close ...proximity to the Tropic of Cancer. Mexico is one of the countries in which this disease is highly endemic. In this retrospective study we report epidemiologic, clinical and microbiologic data of mycetoma observed in the General Hospital of Mexico in a 33 year-period (1980 to 2013). A total of 482 cases were included which were clinical and microbiology confirmed. Four hundred and forty four cases (92.11%) were actinomycetomas and 38 cases (7.88%) were eumycetomas. Most patients were agricultural workers; there was a male predominance with a sex ratio of 3:1. The mean age was 34.5 years old (most ranged from 21 to 40 years). The main affected localization was lower and upper limbs (70.74% and 14.52% respectively). Most of the patients came from humid tropical areas (Morelos, Guerrero and Hidalgo were the regions commonly reported). The main clinical presentation was as tumor-like soft tissue swelling with draining sinuses (97.1%). Grains were observed in all the cases. The principal causative agents for actinomycetoma were: Nocardia brasiliensis (78.21%) and Actinomadura madurae (8.7%); meanwhile, for eumycetomas: Madurella mycetomatis and Scedosporium boydii (synonym: Pseudallescheria boydii) were identified. This is a single-center, with long-follow up, cross-sectional study that allows determining the prevalence and characteristics of mycetoma in different regions of Mexico.
Positive psychology research is increasingly being transferred to organizational contexts, and organizations are increasingly striving for healthier and more motivated employees. In this study, a ...three-week self-instructed online intervention which combines positive activities and mindfulness was developed and evaluated using a randomized-controlled group design with employees. All exercises could be easily integrated into the daily working routine. The intervention is based on broaden-and-build theory, the two-component model of mindfulness and the positive-activity model. Results indicate that the intervention is effective in increasing work engagement, hope and sleep quality as well as in reducing fatigue. Practical implications for human resource departments and corporate health management are discussed. Practitioner points A three-week mindfulness intervention can increase work engagement, hope, sleep quality, and reduce fatigue. Such activities can easily be integrated into the workday and thus, represent a realistic way for employees to improve motivation and reduce health impairment.
Banana (
Musa acuminata Colla AAA) peel extracts obtained in this work had a high capacity to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH
) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid ...(ABTS
+
) free radicals, and they were also good lipid peroxidation inhibitors. Acetone:water extracts were considerably more effective (compared with methanol, ethanol, acetone, water, methanol:water or ethanol:water) at inhibiting the peroxidation of lipids in the β-carotene/linoleic acid system or scavenging free radicals. However, aqueous extracts had a high capacity to protect lipids from oxidation in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) test, as well as in the β-carotene bleaching assay. In addition, acetone:water most efficiently extracted all extractable components (54
±
4%), phenolic compounds (3.3
±
0.8%), and anthocyanin compounds (434
±
97
μg cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents/100
g freeze-dried banana peel). Banana peel contained large amounts of dopamine and L-dopa, catecholamines with a significant antioxidant activity. However, ascorbic acid, tocopherols or phytosterols were not detected in the different extracts. The antioxidant activity of banana peel extracts from different cultivars was similar. However, the impact of extraction time or temperature should be studied in greater depth.
Combining the transactional ideas of cognitive appraisals and the affective events theory, we explore the subjective nature of entrepreneurial constraints and its consequences for nascent ...entrepreneurial action. In Study 1, we developed a measure of entrepreneurial constraint appraisal (opportunity and threat). In Study 2, using a cross‐lagged panel design, we found that entrepreneurial passion mediates the positive relationship between opportunity appraisal and taking action. In Study 3, findings provided support for the long‐term effects of this relationship (3 and 9 months after). Our study provides empirical evidence on how constraints evaluated as opportunities ignite entrepreneurial passion and lead to nascent entrepreneurship activity.
Objectives: Previous research has investigated cultural stress and well-being among individuals such as Hispanic college students and immigrants from other countries. However, there is a need to ...explore the impact of cultural stress among immigrants with a focus on the workforce. Method: Drawing from cultural stress theory, we present a theoretical framework that considers workplace context while exploring strategies that may mitigate the impact of cultural stress in the workplace, such as promoting diversity and inclusion, addressing biases and discrimination, and supporting employee mental health. Result: We provide actionable steps that can guide leaders to work toward a workplace where individuals develop a sense of belonging. Conclusion: This article provides a novel perspective on workplace diversity and inclusion that emphasizes the importance of considering cultural context in understanding and addressing workplace stress, with implications for psychology in the workplace. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
Trichosporon asahii is considered an opportunistic pathogen responsible for severe infections, mainly in immunocompromised patients. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalent genotypes ...among 39 clinical isolates of this microorganism by sequencing the IGS1 region and to determine the in vitro production of DNAse, hemolysin, aspartyl proteinase, phospholipase and esterase, as well as the susceptibilities of the isolates to amphotericin B, anidulafungin, micafungin, caspofungin, voriconazole, posaconazole, fluconazole and 5-flucytosine. Our findings showed that genotype I was the most prevalent comprising 69.23% of the isolates. We confirmed the production of esterase for all our isolates, and report the production of DNAse and aspartyl proteinase in 84.62% and 23% of the isolates, respectively. Only one isolate of T. asahii produced hemolysin. None of the isolates showed phospholipase activity. Fifty-three percent of the T. asahii strains exhibited amphotericin B MICs ≥ 2 μg/ml. The three echinocandins evaluated yielded high MICs (≥2 μg/ml) in all isolates. Thirty-five percent of the isolates had high MICs for 5-flucytosine (≥32 μg/ml), and 97% of the isolates were susceptible to the evaluated triazoles.
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