La cognición docente analiza las concepciones de los profesores sobre qué significa enseñar, dando énfasis a creencias que afectan la manera de actuar del profesorado en el aula. Aunque es un campo ...de trabajo plenamente reconocido y establecido en las últimas décadas, todavía son pocos los estudios que analizan las creencias de docentes en formación de inglés como lengua extranjera. Este estudio analiza 17 filosofías de enseñanza de alumnas de la asignatura de “Didáctica del Inglés” en un máster de formación del profesorado del CEU San Pablo, una universidad privada de Madrid. El corpus formado por estos textos se ha analizado de forma cuantitativa y cualitativa. Por un lado, se ha procesado el texto con una herramienta online de gestión de corpus llamada Sketch Engine. Por otro lado, se ha analizado el corpus de forma cualitativa dividiendo los textos en 3 categorías de docentes en formación: con experiencia docente en academias y centros escolares, con experiencia en clases particulares y sin ningún tipo de experiencia. De este modo, se conseguirá conocer mejor las creencias de profesores en formación según el grado de experiencia en cuanto a temas como la definición de enseñanza/aprendizaje, el rol del profesor, el rol del alumno, la metodología de enseñanza y la evaluación.
Scope
Tomato has become one of the most consumed vegetables worldwide, but its intake is often accompanied by an increasing risk of inducing allergic symptoms. The aim of the work was the ...identification of new seed‐specific allergens associated with severe symptoms in patients allergic to this edible vegetable.
Methods and results
We used 22 sera from well‐defined tomato‐allergic patients. Tomato seed proteins were purified and analyzed for biochemical and immunological characterization. A mixture of two associated IgE‐binding nsLTPs was purified from tomato seeds. Both allergens, Sola l 7 and Sola l 6, displayed primary structure differences with respect to their counterpart, Sola l 3, from tomato pulp/peel. They retained the ability to bind IgE from 71.4% of patients with severe symptoms. The purified proteins induced positive basophil activation test and skin prick test, and displayed cross‐reactivity with homologous allergens from peanut and sunflower seeds, among others.
Conclusion
We herein described two novel allergens from tomato seeds that belong to the nonspecific lipid transfer protein family classes 1 and 2, respectively. This is the first work associating IgE reactivity to these proteins with severe symptoms of certain tomato‐allergic patients. Therefore, they are optimal candidates for clarifying the diagnosis of the tomato allergy.
Sola l 7 and Sola l 6 are two allergenic nonspecific lipid transfer proteins, class 1 and 2, respectively, which have been purified from tomato seeds. Both allergens displayed primary structure differences with respect to Sola l 3, their Lipid transfer protein counterpart from tomato peel. Their low concentration in the whole extract and their association to severe symptoms in patients allergic to this edible vegetable, makes them optimal candidates for clarifying the diagnosis of the tomato allergy.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in children with allergic asthma Ruano, Francisco Javier; Somoza Álvarez, Maria Luisa; Haroun-Díaz, Elisa ...
Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice/The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice,
10/2020, Letnik:
8, Številka:
9
Journal Article
The motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD) are well known to manifest only when striatal dopaminergic deficit reaches 60–70%. Thus, PD has a long pre-symptomatic and pre-motor evolution during ...which compensatory mechanisms take place to delay the clinical onset of disabling manifestations. Classic compensatory mechanisms have been attributed to changes and adjustments in the nigro-striatal system, such as increased neuronal activity in the substantia nigra pars compacta and enhanced dopamine synthesis and release in the striatum. However, it is not so clear currently that such changes occur early enough to account for the pre-symptomatic period. Other possible mechanisms relate to changes in basal ganglia and motor cortical circuits including the cerebellum. However, data from early PD patients are difficult to obtain as most studies have been carried out once the diagnosis and treatments have been established. Likewise, putative compensatory mechanisms taking place throughout disease evolution are nearly impossible to distinguish by themselves. Here, we review the evidence for the role of the best known and other possible compensatory mechanisms in PD. We also discuss the possibility that, although beneficial in practical terms, compensation could also play a deleterious role in disease progression.
: Breastfeeding is a characteristic process of mammals that ensures delivery of an adequate nutritional supply to infants. It is the gold standard food source during an infant's first months of life. ...Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, people in quarantine have experienced a wide range of feelings, which may make isolation challenging in terms of maternal health. This study focused on the prevalence of breastfeeding practices and postpartum depression (PPD) among Mexican women during the COVID-19 pandemic.
: This cross-sectional study included 586 postpartum women who completed an online survey 4-8 weeks after delivery from April to December 2020 in Guadalajara, Mexico. The aim was to identify potentially depressed mothers according to the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and describe their breastfeeding practices.
: The mean maternal age was 30.4 ± 4.6 years, the mean EPDS score was 9.6 ± 5.0, and the PPD prevalence according EPDS scores was 27.1%. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was reported by 32.3% of mothers in the first 48 h and by 70.3% of mothers 48 h after delivery. EBF was associated with a lower prevalence of PPD during the first 48 h (
= 0.015) and after the first 48 h (
= 0.001) after delivery. Skin-to-skin contact (SSC) was reported by 385 (65.7%) mothers. PPD was less frequent in mothers practicing SSC (20.3%) than it was in those not practicing SSC (40.3%) (
= 0.001). A higher percentage of mothers practiced SSC breastfed (66.9%) and used EBF (150, 79.4%) (
= 0.012 and 0.001, respectively).
: Results suggest that the pandemic emergency and restrictions imposed on the population significantly affected the well-being of mothers after birth, and that these effects may have posed risks to the mental health and emotional stability of postpartum mothers. Therefore, encouraging BF or EBF and SSC may improve or limit depressive symptoms in postpartum mothers.
Myocardial fibrosis is the result of excessive fibrillar collagen synthesis and deposition without reciprocally balanced degradation. It causes cardiac dysfunction, arrhythmias, and ischaemia, and ...thereby determines the clinical course and outcome of cardiac patients even when adequately treated. Therefore, further research is needed to identify and better understand the factors that trigger and maintain the myocardial fibrotic response against different injuries in a variety of cardiac diseases. Here, we will focus on the following major areas of research: molecules that stimulate the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and subsequently alter collagen turnover (e.g. cardiotrophin‐1, galectin‐3, NADPH oxidases, and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin), microRNA‐induced alterations of collagen gene expression, and matricellular protein‐ and lysyl oxidase‐mediated alterations of collagen cross‐linking and deposition.
Peach tree allergens are present in fruit, pollen, branches, and leaves, and can induce systemic, respiratory, cutaneous, and gastrointestinal symptoms. We studied the capacity of peach fruit/Pru p ...1, Pru p 3, Pru p 4, Pru p 7 and peach pollen/Pru p 9 for inducing symptoms following oral or respiratory exposure in a large group of subjects. We included 716 adults (aged 21 to 83 y.o.) exposed to peach tree pollen and fruit intake in the study population. Participants completed a questionnaire and were skin tested with a panel of inhalant and food allergens, including peach tree pollen, Pru p 9 and peach fruit skin extract. Immunoglobulin E antibodies (SIgE) to Pru p 1, Pru p 3, Pru p 4 and Pru p 7 were quantified. Sensitised subjects underwent oral food challenge with peach fruit and nasal provocation test with peach tree pollen and Pru p 9. The prevalence of sensitisation to peach fruit was 5% and most of these had SIgE to Pru p 3, with a very low proportion to Pru p 4 SIgE and no SIgE to Pru p 1 and Pru p 7. In only 1.8%, anaphylaxis was the clinical entity induced. Cases with positive skin tests to peach and SIgE to Pru p 3 presented a good tolerance after oral challenge with peach fruit. The prevalence of skin sensitisation to peach tree pollen was 22%, with almost half recognising Pru p 9. This induced respiratory symptoms in those evaluated by nasal provocation. In a large population group exposed to peach fruit and peach tree pollen, most individuals were tolerant, even in those with SIgE to Pru p 3. A positive response to Pru p 9 was associated with respiratory allergy.
Intracerebral vector delivery in nonhuman primates has been a major challenge. We report successful blood-brain barrier opening and focal delivery of adeno-associated virus serotype 9 vectors into ...brain regions involved in Parkinson's disease using low-intensity focus ultrasound in adult macaque monkeys. Openings were well tolerated with generally no associated abnormal magnetic resonance imaging signals. Neuronal green fluorescent protein expression was observed specifically in regions with confirmed blood-brain barrier opening. Similar blood-brain barrier openings were safely demonstrated in three patients with Parkinson's disease. In these patients and in one monkey, blood-brain barrier opening was followed by
F-Choline uptake in the putamen and midbrain regions based on positron emission tomography. This indicates focal and cellular binding of molecules that otherwise would not enter the brain parenchyma. The less-invasive nature of this methodology could facilitate focal viral vector delivery for gene therapy and might allow early and repeated interventions to treat neurodegenerative disorders.
Severe asthma during the COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical observations Haroun-Díaz, Elisa; Vázquez de la Torre, María; Ruano, Francisco Javier ...
Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice/The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice,
09/2020, Letnik:
8, Številka:
8
Journal Article
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