Transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steel provides enormous potential for auto-body construction in the automotive sector, owing to its enhanced mechanical behavior. In this work, Si-alloyed ...TRIP steel is joined by employing laser beam welding (LBW) and by utilizing two arc welding processes: gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) in order to assess the effect of the net heat input on the microstructure, the uniaxial tensile properties and the forming response. Results indicate that in spite of the Si content in TRIP steel; precipitation and growth of carbides (tempering) are observed in both: the martensite islands and the retained austenite phase, thus leading to the measurable softening at the sub-critical heat affected zone (SC-HAZ) of the arc welded samples. Although the failure location was predominantly found at the sub-critical heat affected zone of the GMAW samples, the maximum stress and elongation was basically controlled by the total extension of the weldment including fusion zone and heat affected zone. While the limiting dome height upon tension-tension (T-T) and tension-compression (T-C) depended primarily on the fusion zone hardness, weld width and geometry of the sample; the fracture location was outside the weld for T-C, whereas the fracture initiated at the weld in T-T samples. LBW specimens showed optimum forming performance.
Chemical photoswitches have become a widely used approach for the remote control of biological functions with spatiotemporal precision. Several molecular scaffolds have been implemented to improve ...photoswitch characteristics, ranging from the nature of the photoswitch itself (e.g. azobenzenes, dithienylethenes, hemithioindigo) to fine‐tuning of aromatic units and substituents. Herein, we present deuterated azobenzene photoswitches as a general means of enhancing the performance of photopharmacological molecules. Deuteration can improve azobenzene performance in terms of light sensitivity (higher molar extinction coefficient), photoswitch efficiency (higher photoisomerization quantum yield), and photoswitch kinetics (faster macroscopic rate of photoisomerization) with minimal alteration to the underlying structure of the photopharmacological ligand. We report synthesized deuterated azobenzene‐based ligands for the optimized optical control of ion channel and G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) function in live cells, setting the stage for the straightforward, widespread adoption of this approach.
Mark-release-recapture experiments were conducted to determine the length of the gonotrophic cycle and rate of survivorship of Culex quinquefasciatus Say in Monterrey, northeastern Mexico. A total of ...2,352 field-caught Cx. quinquefasciatus females were marked and released at 8-12 h postemergence in 2 field trials. Sticky ovitraps were used to recapture marked gravid females. One hundred and ten (4.6%) marked females were recaptured during a 12-day sampling period. Recapture rates for the 2 individual trials were 6.4% and 3.5%. The length of the gonotrophic cycle, calculated as the average time between the initial blood meal and the time of recapture of gravid females, was 2-3 days. The first blood-fed mosquitoes were recaptured on the 2nd day postrelease. Gravid egg-laying females were most commonly recaptured at 2-3 days postfeeding. Daily survival estimates for the 2 release dates were of 0.871 and 0.883, respectively.
Classically considered short-lived and purely defensive leukocytes, neutrophils are unique in their fast and moldable response to stimulation. This plastic behavior may underlie variable and even ...antagonistic functions during inflammation or cancer, yet the full spectrum of neutrophil properties as they enter healthy tissues remains unexplored. Using a new model to track neutrophil fates, we found short but variable lifetimes across multiple tissues. Through analysis of the receptor, transcriptional, and chromatin accessibility landscapes, we identify varying neutrophil states and assign non-canonical functions, including vascular repair and hematopoietic homeostasis. Accordingly, depletion of neutrophils compromised angiogenesis during early age, genotoxic injury, and viral infection, and impaired hematopoietic recovery after irradiation. Neutrophils acquired these properties in target tissues, a process that, in the lungs, occurred in CXCL12-rich areas and relied on CXCR4. Our results reveal that tissues co-opt neutrophils en route for elimination to induce programs that support their physiological demands.
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•Neutrophils have variable lifetimes in tissues•Neutrophils acquire distinct phenotypic and functional properties in tissues•Tissue-derived signals drive rapid adaptation of neutrophils•Neutrophil reprogramming in the lungs occurs in CXCL12+ niches.
Neutrophils demonstrate plasticity in form and function depending upon the tissue types.
In the increasingly challenging field of clinical microbiology, diagnosis is a cornerstone whose accuracy and timing are crucial for the successful management, therapy, and outcome of infectious ...diseases. Currently employed biomarkers of infectious diseases define the scope and limitations of diagnostic techniques. As such, expanding the biomarker catalog is crucial to address unmet needs and bring about novel diagnostic functionalities and applications.
This review describes the extracellular nucleases of 15 relevant bacterial pathogens and discusses the potential use of nuclease activity as a diagnostic biomarker. Articles were searched for in PubMed using the terms: 'nuclease,' 'bacteria,' 'nuclease activity' or 'biomarker.' For overview sections, original and review articles between 2000 and 2019 were searched for using the terms: 'infections,' 'diagnosis,' 'bacterial,' 'burden,' 'challenges.' Informative articles were selected.
Using the catalytic activity of nucleases offers new possibilities compared to established biomarkers. Nucleic acid activatable reporters in combination with different transduction platforms and delivery methods can be used to detect disease-associated nuclease activity patterns in vitro and in vivo for prognostic and diagnostic applications. Even when these patterns are not obvious or of unknown etiology, screening platforms could be used to identify new disease reporters.
Context. Extragalactic surveys are a key tool for better understanding the evolution of galaxies. Both deep and wide-field surveys serve to provide a clearer emerging picture of the physical ...processes that take place in and around galaxies, and to identify which of these processes are the most important in shaping the properties of galaxies. Aims. The Lockman Spectroscopic Redshift Survey using Osiris (Lockman-SpReSO) aims to provide one of the most complete optical spectroscopic follow-ups of the far-infrared (FIR) sources detected by the \textit{Herschel} Space Observatory in the Lockman Hole (LH) field. The optical spectroscopic study of the FIR-selected galaxies supplies valuable information about the relation between fundamental FIR and optical parameters, including extinction, star formation rate, and gas metallicity. In this article, we introduce and provide an in-depth description of the Lockman-SpReSO project and of its early results. Methods. We selected FIR sources from \textit{Herschel} observations of the central 24 arcmin \(\times\) 24 arcmin of the LH field with an optical counterpart up to 24.5 \(R_{\rm C}\)(AB). The sample comprises 956 \textit{Herschel} FIR sources, plus 188 additional interesting objects in the field. These are point X-ray sources, cataclysmic variable star candidates, high-velocity halo star candidates, radio sources, very red quasi-stellar objects, and optical counterparts of sub-millimetre galaxies. The faint component of the catalogue (\(R_{\rm C}(\mathrm{AB})\geq20\)) was observed using the OSIRIS instrument on the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias in multi-object spectroscopy (MOS) mode. The bright component was observed using two multi-fibre spectrographs: the AF2-WYFFOS at the William Herschel Telescope and the HYDRA instrument at the WYIN telescope.
We present a search for very high-energy gamma-ray emission from the Northern Fermi Bubble region using data collected with the High Altitude Water Cherenkov gamma-ray observatory. The size of the ...data set is 290 days. No significant excess is observed in the Northern Fermi Bubble region, so upper limits above 1 TeV are calculated. The upper limits are between and . The upper limits disfavor a proton injection spectrum that extends beyond 100 TeV without being suppressed. They also disfavor a hadronic injection spectrum derived from neutrino measurements.
Bisphosphonates (BPs) are bone-binding molecules that provide targeting capabilities to bone cancer cells when conjugated with drug-carrying polymers. This work reports the design, synthesis, and ...biological evaluation of polyethyleneimine–BP–cyclodextrin (PEI-BP-CD) ternary conjugates with supramolecular capabilities for the loading of antineoplastic drugs. A straightforward, modular, and versatile strategy based on the click aza-Michael addition reaction of vinyl sulfones (VSs) allows the grafting of BPs targeting ligands and βCD carrier appendages to the PEI polymeric scaffold. The in vitro evaluation (cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, internalization routes, and subcellular distribution) for the ternary conjugates and their doxorubicin inclusion complexes in different bone-related cancer cell lines (MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, MG-63 sarcoma cells, and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells) confirmed specificity, mitochondrial targeting, and overall capability to mediate a targeted drug transport to those cells. The in vivo evaluation using xenografts of MG-63 and MDA-MB-231 cells on mice also confirmed the targeting of the conjugates.
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