Dearth of genomic resources particularly, microsatellite markers in nutritionally and commercially important fruit crop, guava necessitate the development of the novel genomic SSR markers through the ...library enrichment techniques. Three types of 3' -biotinylated oligonucleotide probes (CT).sub.14, (GT).sub.12, and (AAC).sub.8 were used to develop microsatellite enriched libraries. A total of 153 transformed colonies were screened of which 111 positive colonies were subjected for Sanger sequencing. The clones having more than five motif repeats were selected for primer designing and a total of 38 novel genomic simple sequence repeats could be identified. The g-SSRs had the motif groups ranging from monomer to pentamer out of which dimer group occurred the most (89.47%). Out of 38 g-SSRs markers developed, 26 were found polymorphic, which showed substantial genetic diversity among the guava genotypes including wild species. The average number of alleles per locus, major allele frequency, gene diversity, expected heterozygosity and polymorphic information content of 26 SSRs were 3.46, 0.56, 0.53, 0.29 and 0.46, respectively. The rate of cross-species transferability of the developed g-SSR loci varied from 38.46 to 80.77% among the studied wild Psidium species. Generation of N-J tree based on 26 SSRs grouped the 40 guava genotypes into six clades with two out-groups, the wild guava species showed genetic distinctness from cultivated genotypes. Furthermore, population structure analysis grouped the guava genotypes into three genetic groups, which were partly supported by PCoA and N-J tree. Further, AMOVA and PCoA deciphered high genetic diversity among the present set of guava genotypes including wild species. Thus, the developed novel g-SSRs were found efficient and informative for diversity and population structure analyses of the guava genotypes. These developed novel g-SSR loci would add to the new genomic resource in guava, which may be utilized in genomic-assisted guava breeding.
•A fractional model of RLW equation is considered.•The fractional RLW equation describes the shallow water waves in oceans.•The HPSTM is applied to obtain the solution of the mathematical model.•The ...derived results are presented in the form of graphs.•The numerical results obtained by using the HPSTM are in an excellent agreement with the exact solution.
In this work, we apply an efficient analytical algorithm namely homotopy perturbation Sumudu transform method (HPSTM) to find the exact and approximate solutions of linear and nonlinear time-fractional regularized long wave (RLW) equations. The RLW equations describe the nature of ion acoustic waves in plasma and shallow water waves in oceans. The derived results are very significant and imperative for explaining various physical phenomenons. The suggested method basically demonstrates how two efficient techniques, the Sumudu transform scheme and the homotopy perturbation technique can be integrated and applied to find exact and approximate solutions of linear and nonlinear time-fractional RLW equations. The nonlinear expressions can be simply managed by application of He's polynomials. The result shows that the HPSTM is very powerful, efficient, and simple and it eliminates the round-off errors. It has been observed that the proposed technique can be widely employed to examine other real world problems.
In this work, we aim to apply a numerical approach based on Homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM) for derive the exact and approximate solutions of nonlinear fifth order KdV equations for ...study magneto-acoustic waves in plasma. The approach is a mixed form of the standard Laplace transform with the classical Homotopy perturbation technique. Nonlinear term can be handled with the aid of He's Polynomials. In this technique, the solution is calculated in the form of a convergent series and convergence of the HPTM solutions to the exact solutions is shown. The Homotopy perturbation transform method presents a wide applicability to handling nonlinear wave equations in science and engineering. As a novel application of HPTM, the present work shows some essential difference with the existing similar method. Several examples are provided for illustrate the simplicity and reliability of the method and highlighted the significance of this work.
In this paper, we study the nonlinear behaviour of multi-component plasma. For this an efficient technique, called Homotopy perturbation Sumudu transform method (HPSTM) is introduced. The power of ...method is represented by solving the time fractional Kersten-Krasil’shchik coupled KdV-mKdV nonlinear system. This coupled nonlinear system usually arises as a description of waves in multi-component plasmas, traffic flow, electric circuits, electrodynamics and elastic media, shallow water waves etc. The prime purpose of this study is to provide a new class of technique, which need not to use small parameters for finding approximate solution of fractional coupled systems and eliminate linearization and unrealistic factors. Numerical solutions represent that proposed technique is efficient, reliable, and easy to use to large variety of physical systems. This study shows that numerical solutions gained by HPSTM are very accurate and effective for analysis the nonlinear behaviour of system. This study also states that HPSTM is much easier, more convenient and efficient than other available analytical methods.
•Active and passive antifouling strategies specifically related to heat transfer reviewed.•Performance advantages and limitations of surface coatings in antifouling of heat exchangers.•Deployment of ...Micro/nanoscale rough surfaces in industrial heat exchangers.•Effects of coating/substrate surface energy on deposition, adhesion, and removal of fouling.•Mechanical, thermal and chemical stability of coatings compared.
Fouling is a ubiquitous phenomenon occurring in heat transfer devices that inhibits the effective passage of thermal energy, leading to energy and economic losses. In recent years, micro/nanoscale surface modifications have emerged as promising pathways to mitigate the adverse effects of fouling. This review examines micro/nanoscale surface modification methods to mitigate heat exchanger fouling. Various coatings based on titanium, silicon, polymers, amorphous carbon (a-C), electroless nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) are detailed. The coating characteristics in terms of surface chemical and mechanical stability are discussed, and limitations in their commercial utilization are identified. Further, the review outlines the effect of micro/nanoscale surface topographies and novel surface designs on the adhesion and removal of foulants. For instance, laser surface texturing, EDM, anodization, and sandblasting are discussed for generating micro/nanoscale surface topographies. These micro/nanoscale surface topographies play a crucial role in determining surface-foulant interactions and coating durability. It is concluded that the surface energy component is a critical parameter in reducing fouling effects, with low surface energy being favorable for early foulant removal under shear force. Several studies attempting to minimize changes in surface energy components under harsh fouling conditions are discussed in detail.
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In this paper, we present a coupling of homotopy perturbation technique and sumudu transform known as homotopy perturbation sumudu transform method (HPSTM). We show applicability of this method by ...solving fractional equal width (EW) equation, fractional modified equal width (MEW) equation and variant of fractional modified equal width (VMEW) equation. The fractional equal width equations play a key role in describing hydro-magnetic waves in cold plasma. Our aim is to study the nonlinear behavior of plasma system and highlight the important points. We examine the ability of HPSTM to study the fractional nonlinear systems and show its supremacy over other available numerical techniques. The other key point of this investigation is to examine two important fractional equations with different nonlinearity. The HPSTM gives excellent accuracy in analogous with the numerical solution. The numerical solutions indicate that the HPSTM is a powerful technique for studying the nonlinear behavior of plasma system very precisely and accurately.
•Fractional model of equal width equations are considered.•The fractional equal width equations describes hydro-magnetic waves in cold plasma.•The numerical simulation is performed with the aid of HPSTM and Maple.•The numerical results are very accurate.
With the massive potential for nanofiber applications within the expanding field of functional materials and green energy materials, electrospinning has become an increasingly interesting method of ...fabrication, generating many different methods to fabricate different nanofiber types. However, due to limitations, either chemical or instrumental, some polymeric nanofibers can only be synthesised using co-axial or emulsion electrospinning methods. To date fabrication of poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)/poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofibers via electrospinning have been limited to coaxial method. These nanofibers have found use in medical fields as well as environmental remediation efforts as membranes and filters and also in new age wearable electronics. In addition, there have been no systematic studies documented on the parametric optimisation of PDMS/PMMA nanofibers using electrospinning, particularly concerning applied voltage, flow rate, and collector distance. In this work, a PDMS/PMMA co-polymer nanofiber, synthesised through an optimised emulsion electrospinning method, was fabricated and characterised. A systematic examination of electrospinning parameters was conducted and optimised parameters of 18.5 kV supplied voltage, 10 cm tip-collector distance and a flow rate of 0.2 mL/h resulted in the fabrication of nanofibers with an average diameter of ∼199 nm and super-hydrophobicity, with a contact angle of ∼162°, is reported on.
•This work presents an optimal electrospinning method for fabrication a PDMS/PMMA co-polymer nanofiber.•An in depth look at the affects of voltage, flow rate, tip-collector distance and substrate type has on fabrication efforts.•Discussion on the characterisation of PDMS/PMMA nanofiber.•Brief description on electrospinning PMMA nanofibers.
The aim of the present work is to propose a simple and reliable algorithm namely homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM) for KdV equations in warm plasma. The homotopy perturbation transform ...method is a combined form of the Laplace transform method with the homotopy perturbation method. In this method, the solution is calculated in the form of a convergent series with an easily computable compact. To illustrate the simplicity and reliability of the method, several examples are provided. In this paper, the homotopy perturbation transform method has been applied to obtain the solution of the KdV, mKdV, K(2, 2) and K(3,3) equations. We compared our solutions with the exact solutions. Results illustrate the applicability, efficiency and accuracy of HPTM to solve nonlinear equations despite needlessness to any linearization or perturbation. It is predicted that the proposed algorithm can be widely applied to other nonlinear problems in science and engineering.
Low-temperature stress (LTS) drastically affects vegetative and reproductive growth in fruit crops leading to a gross reduction in the yield and loss in product quality. Among the fruit crops, ...temperate fruits, during the period of evolution, have developed the mechanism of tolerance, i.e., adaptive capability to chilling and freezing when exposed to LTS. However, tropical and sub-tropical fruit crops are most vulnerable to LTS. As a result, fruit crops respond to LTS by inducing the expression of LTS related genes, which is for climatic acclimatization. The activation of the stress-responsive gene leads to changes in physiological and biochemical mechanisms such as photosynthesis, chlorophyll biosynthesis, respiration, membrane composition changes, alteration in protein synthesis, increased antioxidant activity, altered levels of metabolites, and signaling pathways that enhance their tolerance/resistance and alleviate the damage caused due to LTS and chilling injury. The gene induction mechanism has been investigated extensively in the model crop Arabidopsis and several winter kinds of cereal. The ICE1 (inducer of C-repeat binding factor expression 1) and the CBF (C-repeat binding factor) transcriptional cascade are involved in transcriptional control. The functions of various CBFs and aquaporin genes were well studied in crop plants and their role in multiple stresses including cold stresses is deciphered. In addition, tissue nutrients and plant growth regulators like ABA, ethylene, jasmonic acid etc., also play a significant role in alleviating the LTS and chilling injury in fruit crops. However, these physiological, biochemical and molecular understanding of LTS tolerance/resistance are restricted to few of the temperate and tropical fruit crops. Therefore, a better understanding of cold tolerance's underlying physio-biochemical and molecular components in fruit crops is required under open and simulated LTS. The understanding of LTS tolerance/resistance mechanism will lay the foundation for tailoring the novel fruit genotypes for successful crop production under erratic weather conditions.
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