For the analysis of low-statistics counting experiments, a traditional nonlinear least squares minimization routine may not always provide correct parameter and uncertainty estimates due to the ...assumptions inherent in the algorithm(s). In response to this, a user-friendly Python package (SATLAS) was written to provide an easy interface between the data and a variety of minimization algorithms which are suited for analyzinglow, as well as high, statistics data. The advantage of this package is that it allows the user to define their own model function and then compare different minimization routines to determine the optimal parameter values and their respective (correlated) errors. Experimental validation of the different approaches in the package is done through analysis of hyperfine structure data of 203Fr gathered by the CRIS experiment at ISOLDE, CERN.
Source code: https://github.com/woutergins/satlas/
Documentation: https://woutergins.github.io/satlas/
Program Title: SATLAS
Program Files doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/3hr8f5nkhb.1
Licensing provisions: MIT
Programming language: Python
External routines/libraries: NumPy, SciPy, LMFIT, Pandas, NumDiffTools
Nature of problem: Fitting data from a counting experiment to extract parameter information.
Solution method: Supply a modular library with fitting routines using pre-implemented goodness-of-fit statistics for counting data under different circumstances.
The SLC22 family of OATs, OCTs, and OCTNs is emerging as a central hub of endogenous physiology. Despite often being referred to as "drug" transporters, they facilitate the movement of metabolites ...and key signaling molecules. An in-depth reanalysis supports a reassignment of these proteins into eight functional subgroups, with four new subgroups arising from the previously defined OAT subclade: OATS1 (SLC22A6, SLC22A8, and SLC22A20), OATS2 (SLC22A7), OATS3 (SLC22A11, SLC22A12, and Slc22a22), and OATS4 (SLC22A9, SLC22A10, SLC22A24, and SLC22A25). We propose merging the OCTN (SLC22A4, SLC22A5, and Slc22a21) and OCT-related (SLC22A15 and SLC22A16) subclades into the OCTN/OCTN-related subgroup. Using data from GWAS, in vivo models, and in vitro assays, we developed an SLC22 transporter-metabolite network and similar subgroup networks, which suggest how multiple SLC22 transporters with mono-, oligo-, and multi-specific substrate specificity interact to regulate metabolites. Subgroup associations include: OATS1 with signaling molecules, uremic toxins, and odorants, OATS2 with cyclic nucleotides, OATS3 with uric acid, OATS4 with conjugated sex hormones, particularly etiocholanolone glucuronide, OCT with neurotransmitters, and OCTN/OCTN-related with ergothioneine and carnitine derivatives. Our data suggest that the SLC22 family can work among itself, as well as with other ADME genes, to optimize levels of numerous metabolites and signaling molecules, involved in organ crosstalk and inter-organismal communication, as proposed by the remote sensing and signaling theory.
The usual convergence of sequences has many generalizations with the aim of providing deeper insights into the summability theory. In this paper, following a very recent and new approach, we ...introduce the notion of I.sub.3 and I*.sub.3--convergence of triple sequences in neutrosophic normed spaces mainly as a generalization of statistical convergence of triple sequences. We investigate a few fundamental properties and study the relationship between the two notions. We also introduce and investigate the concept of I.sub.3 and I*.sub.3--Cauchy sequence of triple sequences and show that the condition (APS) plays a crucial role to study the interrelationship between them. Keywords: Statistical convergence, ideal, filter, I--convergence, neutrosophic normed space, triple sequences. AMS Subject Classification (2020): 46S40, 03E72, 40A35.
The solute carrier (SLC) and the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamilies play essential roles in the disposition of small molecules (endogenous metabolites, uremic toxins, drugs) in the ...blood, kidney, liver, intestine, and other organs. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), the loss of renal function is associated with altered function of remote organs. As renal function declines, many molecules accumulate in the plasma. Many studies now support the view that ABC and SLC transporters as well as drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) in renal and non-renal tissues are directly or indirectly affected by the presence of various types of uremic toxins, including those derived from the gut microbiome; this can lead to aberrant inter-organ communication.
Here, the expression, localization and/or function of various SLC and ABC transporters as well as DMEs in the kidney and other organs are discussed in the context of CKD and systemic pathophysiology.
According to the Remote Sensing and Signaling Theory (RSST), a transporter and DME-centric network that optimizes local and systemic metabolism maintains homeostasis in the steady state and resets homeostasis following perturbations due to renal dysfunction. The implications of this view for pharmacotherapy of CKD are also discussed.
Predicting students’ performance in distance courses is a very relevant task to help teachers identify students who need reinforcement or extension activities. Nevertheless, identifying the student’s ...progress is highly complicated due to the large number of students and the lack of direct interaction. Artificial intelligence algorithms contribute to overcoming this problem by automatically analyzing the features and interactions of each student with the e-learning platform. The main limitations of the previous proposals are that they do not consider a ranking between the different marks obtained by students and the most accurate models are usually black boxes without comprehensibility. This paper proposes to use an optimized ordinal classification algorithm, FlexNSLVOrd, that performs a prediction of student’s performance in four ranking classes (Withdrawn < Fail < Pass < Distinction) by generating highly understandable models. The experimental study uses the OULA dataset and compares 10 state-of-the-art methods on 7 different courses and 3 classical classification metrics. The results, validated with statistical analysis, show that FlexNSLVOrd has higher performance than the other models and achieves significant differences with the rest of the proposals. In addition, the interpretability of FlexNSLVOrd is compared with other rule-based models, and simpler and more representative rules are obtained.
The SLC22 family of transporters is widely expressed, evolutionarily conserved, and plays a major role in regulating homeostasis by transporting small organic molecules such as metabolites, signaling ...molecules, and antioxidants. Analysis of transporters in fruit flies provides a simple yet orthologous platform to study the endogenous function of drug transporters in vivo. Evolutionary analysis of
putative SLC22 orthologs reveals that, while many of the 25 SLC22 fruit fly orthologs do not fall within previously established SLC22 subclades, at least four members appear orthologous to mammalian SLC22 members (SLC22A16:CG6356, SLC22A15:CG7458, CG7442 and SLC22A18:CG3168). We functionally evaluated the role of SLC22 transporters in
by knocking down 14 of these genes. Three putative SLC22 ortholog knockdowns-
,
, and
-did not undergo eclosion and were lethal at the pupa stage, indicating the developmental importance of these genes. Additionally, knocking down four SLC22 members increased resistance to oxidative stress via paraquat testing (
< 0.05,
< 0.05,
< 0.01 and
< 0.05). Consistent with recent evidence that SLC22 is central to a Remote Sensing and Signaling Network (RSSN) involved in signaling and metabolism, these phenotypes support a key role for SLC22 in handling reactive oxygen species.
The changes in the mean-square charge radius (relative to 209Bi), magnetic dipole, and electric quadrupole moments of 187, 188, 189, 191Bi were measured using the in-source resonance-ionization ...spectroscopy technique at ISOLDE (CERN). A large staggering in radii was found in 187, 188, 189Big, manifested by a sharp radius increase for the ground state of 188Bi relative to the neighboring 187, 189Big. A large isomer shift was also observed for 188Bim. Both effects happen at the same neutron number, N = 105 , where the shape staggering and a similar isomer shift were observed in the mercury isotopes. Experimental results are reproduced by mean-field calculations where the ground or isomeric states were identified by the blocked quasiparticle configuration compatible with the observed spin, parity, and magnetic moment.
Wine aging is a fundamental stage in the creation of special high-quality wines, such as sherries and similar wines. To undergo the process of "biological aging", some of these wines are stored in ...oak casks for long periods. During this process, a thin layer of yeast is spontaneously formed on the surface of the wine. This layer protects the wine from oxidation and contributes to its unique organoleptic characteristics. This work presents the prototype of an instrumented bung capable of monitoring, in real-time, the absorbance evolution of the Fino Sherry wine during its biological aging process. The results of the tests carried out in the laboratory showed that the device can directly measure the absorbance at wavelengths of 420 nm and 520 nm, detecting small changes produced by the wine oxidation processes. This work has significant implications for winery technicians and oenologists as they could analyze the evolution of the wine in real time, detect problems in advance, and avoid work-related accidents. These conclusions solidify the enduring relevance of this research and offer a robust foundation for future developments in the field.
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