Les infections nosocomiales intestinales restent une préoccupation majeure des services recevant de jeunes enfants où elles surviennent simultanément aux bronchiolites à virus respiratoire syncytial.
...Matériel et méthodes
. – Durant l’hiver 1997–1998, nous avons recensé de façon systématique les infections intestinales nosocomiales survenues en pédiatrie au centre hospitalier universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand avec rappel téléphonique des familles dans le mois suivant la sortie des enfants, hospitalisés pour une pathologie autre qu’une gastroentérite.
Résultats. –
Sur 817 enfants admis, 27 % l’ont été pour gastroentérite communautaire. Chez les enfants admis pour un autre motif (73 %), 144 infections nosocomiales ont été recensées pendant la période d’étude dont 94 (66,6 %) en cours d’hospitalisation et 48 (33,3 %) après la sortie. Les infections nosocomiales intestinales représentent donc 5,8 % de la totalité des admissions. Elles augmentent avec le nombre des admissions par jour et par mois, et viennent, dans 28,1 % des cas, surinfecter les bronchiolites à virus respiratoire syncytial dont elles partagent l’âge de survenue.
Conclusion. –
Le rotavirus a été retrouvé dans 28 % des infections nosocomiales et non détecté dans 66 % des cas ; en revanche il est responsable de 85,5 % des réhospitalisations pour gastroentérites nosocomiales. Les études ultérieures doivent viser à trouver les solutions permettant de diminuer la fréquence de leur survenue.
Intestinal nosocomial infections remain a major concern in pediatric wards where they occur synchronously with syncytial respiratory virus infections.
Material and methods. –
During the 1997–1998 winter, we systematically listed the intestinal nosocomial infections that emerged in the pediatric wards of the Clermont-Ferrand hospital. After their discharge, the families of the children who were not hospitalized for acute diarrhea were contacted by telephone.
Results. –
Among 817 hospitalized children, 27% were admitted to the hospital for acute epidemic gastroenteritis. One hundred forty-four children were listed as having nosocomial gastroenteritis, 96 (66.6%) during the hospital stay and 48 (33%) after discharge, which represents 5.8% of all the admissions. Intestinal nosocomial infections increased with the number of admissions per day and per month, and occurred in 28.1% of the cases of syncytial respiratory virus bronchiolitis that concern children of the same age. Rotavirus was found in 28% of nosocomial infections, yet it was responsible for 85.5% of the hospital readmissions for nosocomial infections.
Conclusion. –
Further studies should try to find solutions to decrease the frequency of those concomitant diseases.
Intestinal nosocomial infections remain a major concern in pediatric wards where they occur synchronously with syncytial respiratory virus infections.
During the 1997-1998 winter, we systematically ...listed the intestinal nosocomial infections that emerged in the pediatric wards of the Clermont-Ferrand hospital. After their discharge, the families of the children who were not hospitalized for acute diarrhea were contacted by telephone.
Among 817 hospitalized children, 27% were admitted to the hospital for acute epidemic gastroenteritis. One hundred forty-four children were listed as having nosocomial gastroenteritis, 96 (66.6%) during the hospital stay and 48 (33%) after discharge, which represents 5.8% of all the admissions. Intestinal nosocomial infections increased with the number of admissions per day and per month, and occurred in 28.1% of the cases of syncytial respiratory virus bronchiolitis that concern children of the same age. Rotavirus was found in 28% of nosocomial infections, yet it was responsible for 85.5% of the hospital readmissions for nosocomial infections.
Further studies should try to find solutions to decrease the frequency of those concomitant diseases.
Il saggio esplora l’influenza che il dibattito sull’esperanto e sulle lingue pianificate degli anni Venti e Trenta ebbe sullo sviluppo della linguistica di Bruno Migliorini. Nello specifico, la prima ...parte del lavoro ripercorre le voci Esperanto e Internazionali, Lingue, che l’autore redasse per l’Enciclopedia Italiana. La seconda parte allarga l’analisi ad alcuni saggi esperantisti di Migliorini e mostra in quale modo lo studio delle lingue pianificate contribuì all’elaborazione dei presupposti teorici della glottotecnica, la lingvotekniko. Come aveva notato Tullio De Mauro, in questo percorso fu fondamentale anche l’esperienza redazionale all’Enciclopedia, dal momento che stimolò l’attenzione del linguista verso le terminologie tecnico-scientifiche e nutrì così la sua riflessione sui meccanismi di funzionamento dei sistemi linguistici, tanto naturali quanto artificiali.
Bruno Migliorini, Esperanto and Lingvotekniko
The essay explores the influence that the debate on Esperanto and Planned Languages in the 1920s and 1930s had on the development of Bruno Migliorini’s linguistics. Specifically, the first part of the work examines the entries Esperanto and Internazionali, Lingue, that the author wrote for the Enciclopedia Italiana. The second part extends the analysis to some of Migliorini’s Esperanto essays and shows how the study of Planned languages contributed to the elaboration of the theoretical assumptions of glottotecnica (lingvotekniko). As Tullio De Mauro noted, the editorial experience at the Enciclopedia was also fundamental in this process, since it stimulated the linguist’s attention towards technical-scientific terminologies and nourished his considerations on the functioning mechanisms of linguistic systems, both natural and artificial.
Il saggio studia la collaborazione di Giulio Bertoni alla prima edizione dell’Enciclopedia Italiana (1929-1937). Fin dal 1925 Bertoni fu chiamato da Giovanni Gentile a dirigere la sezione di ...Linguistica, di cui impostò il lemmario e per cui stese una prima lista di collaboratori. Attraverso l’analisi delle voci più significative di Bertoni, il saggio mette in evidenza la prospettiva neolinguistica che caratterizza la sua direzione di sezione. Gli articoli enciclopedici diventano così un’occasione per riflettere innanzitutto sui debiti della neolinguistica verso il dibattito linguistico ottocentesco, e in particolare verso autori quali Humboldt, Schuchardt, Gilliéron. Allo stesso tempo, il saggio approfondisce i legami della neolinguistica con l’idealismo filosofico italiano e tenta di trarre un bilancio sul peso che le idee di Croce e poi di Gentile ebbero nella visione linguistica di Bertoni.
Giulio Bertoni and neolinguistics in the Enciclopedia Italiana
This essay studies Giulio Bertoni’s collaboration on the first edition of the Enciclopedia Italiana (1929-1937). As early as 1925, Giovanni Gentile called Bertoni to direct the Linguistics section, for which the scholar prepared the lemmary and drew up an initial list of collaborators. Through the analysis of Bertoni’s most significant articles, this essay highlights the neolinguistic perspective characterising his management of the section. His encyclopaedic articles become an opportunity to reflect above all upon the debts of neolinguistics towards the 19th-century linguistic debate, and in particular towards authors such as Humboldt, Schuchardt and Gilliéron. At the same time, this essay examines the ties of neolinguistics with Italian philosophical idealism and attempts to draw a balance on the weight that the ideas of Croce and then of Gentile had on Bertoni’s linguistic theory.
Il saggio ripercorre la storia degli articoli Lingue e Linguistica di Carlo Tagliavini, pubblicati nel 1934 nel XXI volume dell’Enciclopedia Italiana. Dopo averne ricostruito la genesi e riassunto il ...contenuto, il saggio si sofferma sul lavoro di rielaborazione e aggiornamento a cui Tagliavini sottopose le due voci nei tre decenni successivi alla loro stesura. Gli articoli furono infatti ampliati e trasformati in pubblicazioni indipendenti. Il fatto che questo lavoro – che si spinse fino agli anni Sessanta – trovi la sua origine in due voci enciclopediche è spia dell’importanza che ebbe per l’autore la partecipazione alla sezione linguistica dell’Enciclopedia Italiana.
The history of voices, languages and linguistics by Carlo Tagliavini
This essay traces the history of Carlo Tagliavini’s Lingue e Linguistica entries published in 1934 in the XXI volume of the Enciclopedia Italiana. After reconstructing their genesis and summarizing their contents, the paper focuses on the work of revising and updating the articles that Tagliavini carried out during the following three decades. The original articles were expanded and transformed into independent publications. The fact that this reworking – which went on until the 1960s – originated from two encyclopaedic entries shows the importance of Tagliavini’s participation in the linguistic section of the Enciclopedia Italiana.
Una lingua per tre Grassano, Matteo
Italies : culture, civilisation, société,
05/2023
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
L’articolo studia l’uso dei francesismi e degli anglismi nella Madonna di Mamà (1916) di Alfredo Panzini. Nella prima parte del testo si mette in evidenza come il cospicuo ricorso ai termini ...stranieri serva all’autore a riprodurre il linguaggio mondano tipico della società del tempo e come la presenza nel romanzo di tali forestierismi sia frutto di un lavoro di spoglio e di analisi testimoniato dal Dizionario moderno. La seconda parte approfondisce la funzione della mescolanza dei codici, funzione che non è solo mimetica, ma anche ideologica: agli occhi di Panzini, infatti, l’italiano “corrotto” parlato dell’aristocrazia cittadina protagonista della Madonna di Mamà è espressione, da un punto di vista linguistico, di una più ampia decadenza culturale e morale.
Una lingua per tre Matteo Grassano
Italies : culture, civilisation, société,
03/2023, Letnik:
26
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Cet article analyse l’usage des gallicismes et des anglicismes dans la Madonna di Mamà (1916) d’Alfredo Panzini. Dans la première partie, nous mettons en évidence comment l’abondant recours aux ...termes étrangers permet à l’auteur de reproduire le langage mondain typique de la société de l’époque et comment la présence dans ce roman de ces termes d’origine étrangère est le résultat d’un travail de recherche et d’analyse dont témoigne le Dizionario moderno. Dans une seconde partie, nous approfondissons la fonction de ce mélange des codes, fonction qui n’est pas seulement mimétique mais aussi idéologiques : aux yeux de Panzini, en effet, l’italien « corrompu » parlé par l’aristocratie urbaine mise en scène dans la Madonna di Mamà est l’expression linguistique d’une plus vaste décadence culturelle et morale.
Persulfides (RSSH/RSS−) participate in sulfur trafficking and metabolic processes, and are proposed to mediate the signaling effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Despite their growing relevance, their ...chemical properties are poorly understood. Herein, we studied experimentally and computationally the formation, acidity, and nucleophilicity of glutathione persulfide (GSSH/GSS−), the derivative of the abundant cellular thiol glutathione (GSH). We characterized the kinetics and equilibrium of GSSH formation from glutathione disulfide and H2S. A pKa of 5.45 for GSSH was determined, which is 3.49 units below that of GSH. The reactions of GSSH with the physiologically relevant electrophiles peroxynitrite and hydrogen peroxide, and with the probe monobromobimane, were studied and compared with those of thiols. These reactions occurred through SN2 mechanisms. At neutral pH, GSSH reacted faster than GSH because of increased availability of the anion and, depending on the electrophile, increased reactivity. In addition, GSS− presented higher nucleophilicity with respect to a thiolate with similar basicity. This can be interpreted in terms of the so-called α effect, i.e. the increased reactivity of a nucleophile when the atom adjacent to the nucleophilic atom has high electron density. The magnitude of the α effect correlated with the Brønsted nucleophilic factor, βnuc, for the reactions with thiolates and with the ability of the leaving group. Our study constitutes the first determination of the pKa of a biological persulfide and the first examination of the α effect in sulfur nucleophiles, and sheds light on the chemical basis of the biological properties of persulfides.
PDF