Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) 3.0 standard provides the baseline for the picture archiving and communication systems (PACS). The development of Internet and various ...communication media initiated demand for non-DICOM access to PACS systems. Ever-increasing utilization of the web browsers, laptops and handheld devices, as opposed to desktop applications and static organizational computers, lead to development of different web technologies. The DICOM standard officials accepted those subsequently as tools of alternative access. This paper provides an overview of the current state of development of the web access technology to the DICOM repositories. It presents a different approach of using HTML5 features of the web browsers through the JavaScript language and the WebSocket protocol by enabling real-time communication with DICOM repositories. JavaScript DICOM network library, DICOM to WebSocket proxy and a proof-of-concept web application that qualifies as a DICOM 3.0 device were developed.
Mammography as an x-ray method usually gives good results for lower density breasts while higher breast tissue densities significantly reduce the overall detection sensitivity and can lead to false ...negative results. In automatic detection algorithms knowledge about breast density can be useful for setting an appropriate decision threshold in order to produce more accurate detection. Because the overall intensity of mammograms is not directly correlated with the breast density we have decided to observe breast density as a texture classification problem. In this paper we propose breast density classification using feature selection process for different classifiers based on grayscale features of first and second order. In feature selection process different selection methods were used and obtained results show the improvement on overall classification by choosing the appropriate method and classifier. The classification accuracy has been tested on the mini-MIAS database and KBD-FER digital mammography database with different number of categories for each database. Obtained accuracy stretches between 97.2 % and 76.4 % for different number of categories.
Purpose
Metallothioneins (MTs) have been disclosed as a useful diagnostic factor for tumour progression and drug resistance in a variety of malignancies. Increased levels of MT in blood serum have ...been found in patients with several types of cancer, but there is no available information on serum MT levels in patients with testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT). The aim of the study was to determine MT levels in serum of patients with TGCT and to evaluate the portion of platinum (Pt) that binds to MT after cisplatin administration since MTs could be involved in drug resistance.
Methods
Concentration of total MT was determined in serum of 25 men with newly diagnosed TGCT by differential pulse voltammetry. The fractionation of serum was carried out by size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC), while concentration of Pt in collected fractions was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
Results
Concentration of serum MT was significantly higher in TGCT patients than in healthy volunteers. The results of SE-HPLC analysis showed that only a small amount of Pt was bound to proteins in the area of MT elution.
Conclusions
Significant increase in MT levels in individuals with TGCT indicates certain health problem and, in combination with other commonly used diagnostic tools, could improve early diagnosis.
Abstract
Purpose: Testicular seminoma cancer incidence has significantly increased over the last few decades, and although it is successfully treated by radiotherapy, long-term health risks are still ...unclear. The aim of the study was to show long-term genome damage in patients with seminoma after radiotherapy.
Materials and methods: Chromosome aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) assays seven years after radiotherapy with a total dose of 25 Gy were conducted in 10 testicular seminoma patients aged 23-49 years and results were compared with 10 healthy control subjects matched for age and smoking status.
Results: Although mean CA frequency did not deviate from control values, significantly increased frequencies of dicentrics, double minutes, and ring chromosomes were detected in seminoma patients. MN frequency in binuclear lymphocytes of patients was similar to controls (4.60/1000 vs. 5.82/1000, respectively). Significantly higher MN frequency was detected in mononuclear lymphocytes of patients than in controls (2.55/1000 vs. 0.73/1000, respectively). Average percentage of centromere-positive MN was 62.6% in seminoma patients.
Conclusion: This study shows the persistence of unstable CA in seminoma patients seven years after radiotherapy and the relevance of long-term follow up. MN frequency in mononuclear lymphocytes was shown to be relevant biomarker of long-term genome damage.
Last few years have seen rapid acceptance of high-definition television (HDTV) technology around the world. This technology has been hugely successful in delivering more realistic television ...experience at home and accurate imaging for professional applications. Adoption of high definition continues to grow as consumers demand enhanced features and greater quality of content. Following this trend, natural evolution of visualisation technologies will be in the direction of fully realistic visual experience and highly precise imaging. However, using the content of even higher resolution and quality is not straightforward as such videos require significantly higher access bandwidth and more processing power. Therefore, methods for radical reduction of video bandwidth are crucial for realisation of high visual quality. Moreover, it is desirable to look into other ways of accessing visual content, solution to which lies in innovative schemes for content delivery and consumption. This book presents selected chapters covering technologies that will enable greater flexibility in video content representation and allow users to access content from any device and to interact with it.
Today it is already widely accepted that out of school education exceeds formal education in content and knowledge and that it is not a plus, but a necessity. However, unlike formal education, ...educators working in informal settings are often volunteers or/and they do those activities on top of their daily jobs. The research questions we pose here are (i) what motivates people to volunteer in K-12 Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (STEM-C) informal education, (ii) what could help to motivate people who are currently demotivated, and finally (iii) what we can do not only to attract new volunteers, but also to retain the current ones. We collected and analyzed opinions of faculty staff, students and volunteers involved in K-12 STEM-C outreach activities conducted at University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Croatia where five years ago, we started our outreach program named SUZA - From school to science and the academic community. The results of our research study show a wide span of reasons why (and why not) people volunteer in our activities, together with their general attitudes toward K-12 STEM-C outreach activities. Although the results are mostly in line with research in the field, there are some specifics which could relate to specifics of volunteering in K-12 STEM-C fields and could benefit wider community.
This paper explores the potential use of WebRTC set of protocols for DICOM file exchange. We have developed a simple proof-of-concept peer-to-peer DICOM file-sharing web application based on a set of ...WebRTC protocols. Application performance is compared with contemporary DICOM applications and transfer protocols which showed that WebRTC has its place in the DICOM file-sharing domain.
Mamografija je rendgenska metoda koja daje dobre rezultate pri slikanju dojki koje imaju manju gustoću, dok joj osjetljivost značajno opada pri snimanju dojki veće gustoće i time može doći do lažno ...pozitivnih rezultata. Poznavanje gustoće dojke može biti korisno kod algoritama za automatsku detekciju zbog mogućnosti određivanja praga odluke na osnovi tog znanja. S obzirom na to da ukupni intenzitet pojedinog mamograma nije izravno povezan s gustoćom, odlučili smo se promatrati gustoću kao problem klasifikacije teksture. U ovom radu predlažemo klasifikaciju dojki prema gustoći izborom izdvojenih značajki intenziteta prvog i drugog reda za različite klasifikatore. Za određivanje prikladnih značajki koristili smo različite metode i tako dobivene značajke pokazale su bolju točnost klasifikacije za odabrane klasifikatore. Točnost klasifikacije testirali smo na bazi mamografskih slika mini-MIAS i bazi digitalnih mamografskih slika KBD-FER s različitim brojem kategorija u koje su slike bile podijeljene. Postignuta točnost klasifikacije proteže se između 97,2 % i 76,4 % za različit broj kategorija u koje su mamogrami podijeljeni.
In this study we followed up the side effects of adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with testicular seminoma stage I over a period from 13 to 84 months (median 28 months). The most frequent side ...effects during radiotherapy were gastrointestinal (nausea/vomiting), psychological, cognitive, and minor sexual problems.The reported side effects were treated by antiemetics and anxiolytics. After radiotherapy, the side effects persisted in 6 % of patients, but only a few of them required additional treatment. Healthy children were born to 76 % of patients in the 18 to 39 years age group. This study shows that adjuvant radiotherapy of the para-aortic lymph nodes with the total dosage of 24 Gy in 16 daily fractions administered to testicular seminoma patients causes acceptable side effects, does not adversely affect quality of life and fertility, if the approach to treatment is individual and family consulting is provided. This makes adjuvant radiotherapy of the para-aortic lymph nodes an acceptable treatment for testicular seminoma stage I patients.
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