Abstract We present the Young Supernova Experiment Data Release 1 (YSE DR1), comprised of processed multicolor PanSTARRS1 griz and Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) gr photometry of 1975 transients ...with host–galaxy associations, redshifts, spectroscopic and/or photometric classifications, and additional data products from 2019 November 24 to 2021 December 20. YSE DR1 spans discoveries and observations from young and fast-rising supernovae (SNe) to transients that persist for over a year, with a redshift distribution reaching z ≈ 0.5. We present relative SN rates from YSE’s magnitude- and volume-limited surveys, which are consistent with previously published values within estimated uncertainties for untargeted surveys. We combine YSE and ZTF data, and create multisurvey SN simulations to train the ParSNIP and SuperRAENN photometric classification algorithms; when validating our ParSNIP classifier on 472 spectroscopically classified YSE DR1 SNe, we achieve 82% accuracy across three SN classes (SNe Ia, II, Ib/Ic) and 90% accuracy across two SN classes (SNe Ia, core-collapse SNe). Our classifier performs particularly well on SNe Ia, with high (>90%) individual completeness and purity, which will help build an anchor photometric SNe Ia sample for cosmology. We then use our photometric classifier to characterize our photometric sample of 1483 SNe, labeling 1048 (∼71%) SNe Ia, 339 (∼23%) SNe II, and 96 (∼6%) SNe Ib/Ic. YSE DR1 provides a training ground for building discovery, anomaly detection, and classification algorithms, performing cosmological analyses, understanding the nature of red and rare transients, exploring tidal disruption events and nuclear variability, and preparing for the forthcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time.
This study established a link between intimate partner violence (IPV) and eating disorders (EDs) via mediators of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in female veterans.
A ...nationally representative sample of female veterans (N = 190, Mean age = 48.41 years) completed online surveys assessing IPV and symptoms of depression, PTSD, and EDs, at three time points from 2014 to 2017.
Approximately 14.11% of participants met criteria for any ED (7.83% Bulimia Nervosa; 6.28% Binge Eating Disorder), and 49.42% reported lifetime histories of IPV. Eating disorder symptoms were significantly associated with lifetime IPV, PTSD and depression symptoms at the bivariate level. Mediation model results revealed that lifetime IPV was indirectly associated with EDDS scores, via PTSD symptoms and depression symptoms.
Findings confirmed elevated rates of probable EDs and lifetime IPV among female veterans; significant associations between EDs, lifetime IPV, depression, and PTSD; and mediation of the association between IPV and EDs by PTSD and depression symptoms. Implications for screening, treatment and research are discussed.
Abstract Supernova (SN) SN H0pe is a gravitationally lensed, triply imaged, Type Ia SN (SN Ia) discovered in James Webb Space Telescope imaging of the PLCK G165.7+67.0 cluster of galaxies. ...Well-observed multiply imaged SNe provide a rare opportunity to constrain the Hubble constant ( H 0 ), by measuring the relative time delay between the images and modeling the foreground mass distribution. SN H0pe is located at z = 1.783 and is the first SN Ia with sufficient light-curve sampling and long enough time delays for an H 0 inference. Here we present photometric time-delay measurements and SN properties of SN H0pe. Using JWST/NIRCam photometry, we measure time delays of Δ t ab = − 116.6 − 9.3 + 10.8 observer-frame days and Δ t cb = − 48.6 − 4.0 + 3.6 observer-frame days relative to the last image to arrive (image 2b; all uncertainties are 1 σ ), which corresponds to a ∼5.6% uncertainty contribution for H 0 assuming 70 km s −1 Mpc −1 . We also constrain the absolute magnification of each image to μ a = 4.3 − 1.8 + 1.6 , μ b = 7.6 − 2.6 + 3.6 , μ c = 6.4 − 1.5 + 1.6 by comparing the observed peak near-IR magnitude of SN H0pe to the nonlensed population of SNe Ia.
Abstract A bright ( m F150W,AB = 24 mag), z = 1.95 supernova (SN) candidate was discovered in JWST/NIRCam imaging acquired on 2023 November 17. The SN is quintuply imaged as a result of strong ...gravitational lensing by a foreground galaxy cluster, detected in three locations, and remarkably is the second lensed SN found in the same host galaxy. The previous lensed SN was called “Requiem,” and therefore the new SN is named “Encore.” This makes the MACS J0138.0−2155 cluster the first known system to produce more than one multiply imaged SN. Moreover, both SN Requiem and SN Encore are Type Ia SNe (SNe Ia), making this the most distant case of a galaxy hosting two SNe Ia. Using parametric host fitting, we determine the probability of detecting two SNe Ia in this host galaxy over a ∼10 yr window to be ≈3%. These observations have the potential to yield a Hubble constant ( H 0 ) measurement with ∼10% precision, only the third lensed SN capable of such a result, using the three visible images of the SN. Both SN Requiem and SN Encore have a fourth image that is expected to appear within a few years of ∼2030, providing an unprecedented baseline for time-delay cosmography.
The present work is devoted to the study of polymer/layered silicate nanocomposite (PLN) of alginate-bentonite as a bead matrix for the entomopathogenic fungus
Beauveria bassiana
strain CPATC032. In ...particular, we investigate the encapsulation efficiency and surface morphology of beads presenting different concentrations of bentonite, where the effects associated with the drying method of the samples were analyzed. The internal structure of alginate-bentonite beads are studied by means of X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, determining the impact of the drying process on the crystalline structure of bentonite domains inside the polymeric matrix. By using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence microscopy techniques, we identify a monolithic distribution profile for beads inside the PLN matrix, which is independent of the concentration of bentonite and of the drying method employed. However, our results demonstrated that the
in vitro
release of the fungus is sensitive to the bead preparation method due to the emergence of a barrier phenomenon as the concentration of silicate is increased. Swelling degree and release kinetics were also investigated, where a strong dependence on the drying method was observed.
The present manuscript brings new information regarding the advantages of the encapsulation of
B. bassiana
in alginate matrices containing bentonite, such as conidia protection, swelling degree, and release kinetics.
In the present study we evaluate the effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) carrying usnic acid (UA) as chemical cargo on the soil microbial community in a dystrophic red ...latosol (oxysol). Herein, 500 ppm UA or SPIONs-framework carrying UA were diluted in sterile ultrapure deionized water and applied by hand sprayer on the top of the soil. The experiment was conducted in a growth chamber at 25 °C, with a relative humidity of 80% and a 16 h/8 h light–dark cycle (600 lx light intensity) for 30 days. Sterile ultrapure deionized water was used as the negative control; uncapped and oleic acid (OA) capped SPIONs were also tested to assess their potential effects. Magnetic nanostructures were synthesized by a coprecipitation method and characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, hydrodynamic diameter, magnetic measurements, and release kinetics of chemical cargo. Uncapped and OA-capped SPIONs did not significantly affect soil microbial community. Our results showed an impairment in the soil microbial community exposed to free UA, leading to a general decrease in negative effects on soil-based parameters when bioactive was loaded into the nanoscale magnetic carrier. Besides, compared to control, the free UA caused a significant decrease in microbial biomass C (39%), on the activity of acid protease (59%), and acid phosphatase (23%) enzymes, respectively. Free UA also reduced eukaryotic 18S rRNA gene abundance, suggesting a major impact on fungi. Our findings indicate that SPIONs as bioherbicide nanocarriers can reduce the negative impacts on soil. Therefore, nanoenabled biocides may improve agricultural productivity, which is important for food security due to the need of increasing food production.
Abstract The polycystin family of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels form Ca2+ regulated cation channels with distinct subcellullar localizations and functions. As part of heteromultimeric ...channels and multi-protein complexes, polycystins control intracellular Ca2+ signals and more generally the translation of extracellular signals and stimuli to intracellular responses. Polycystin-2 channels have been cloned from retina, but their distribution and function in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) have not yet been established. In the present study, we determined cellular and subcellular localization as well as functional properties of polycystin-2 channels in RGCs. Polycystin-2 expression and distribution in RGCs was assessed by immunohistochemistry on vertical cryostat section of mouse retina as well as primary cultured mouse RGCs, using fluorescence microscopy. Biophysical and pharmacological properties of polycystin-2 channels isolated from primary cultured RGCs were determined using planar lipid bilayer electrophysiology. We detected polycystin-2 immunoreactivity both in the ganglion cell layer as well as in primary cultured RGCs. Subcellular analysis revealed strong cytosolic localization pattern of polycystin-2. Polycystin-2 channel current was Ca2+ activated, had a maximum slope conductance of 114 pS, and could be blocked in a dose-dependent manner by increasing concentrations of Mg2+ . The cytosolic localization of polycystin-2 in RGCs is in accordance with its function as intracellular Ca2+ release channel. We conclude that polycystin-2 forms functional channels in RGCs, of which biophysical and pharmacological properties are similar to polycystin-2 channels reported for other tissues and organisms. Our data suggest a potential role for polycystin-2 in RGC Ca2+ signaling.
Culex quinquefasciatus
is the main vector of lymphatic filariasis and combating this insect is of great importance to public health. There are reports of insects that are resistant to the products ...currently used to control this vector, and therefore, the search for new products has increased. In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) that showed larvicidal activity against
C. quinquefasciatus,
on glucose, total protein, and triacylglycerol contents and Na
+
/K
+
-ATPase activity in mosquito larvae. The exposure of the fourth instar larvae to the compounds caused a decrease in the total protein content and an increase in the activity of the Na
+
/K
+
-ATPase. Furthermore, the direct effect of FAMEs on cell membrane was assessed on purified pig kidney Na
+
/K
+
-ATPase membranes, erythrocyte ghost membranes, and larvae membrane preparation. No modifications on total phospholipids and cholesterol content were found after FAMEs 20 min treatment on larvae membrane preparation, but only 360 µg/mL FAME 2 was able to decrease total phospholipid of erythrocyte ghost membrane. Moreover, only 60 and 360 µg/mL FAME 3 caused an activation of purified Na
+
/K
+
-ATPase, that was an opposite effect of FAMEs treatment in larvae membrane preparation, and caused an inhibition of the pump activity. These data together suggest that maybe FAMEs can modulate the Na
+
/K
+
-ATPase on intact larvae for such mechanisms and not for a direct effect, one time that the direct effect of FAMEs in membrane preparation decreased the activity of Na
+
/K
+
-ATPase. The biochemical changes caused by the compounds were significant and may negatively influence the development and survival of C
. quinquefasciatus
larvae.
We present the first kinetic small-angle neutron-scattering experiments carried out on the instrument D22 (Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble) with a stopped-flow apparatus (Bio-Logic company). D22 ...offers unique features for real-time experiments. The high flux and the large q range covered in only one instrumental configuration combined with the rapid electronics open up possibilities for few hundred millisecond resolution measurements. We have used these technical developments to study the formation and growth of spontaneous vesicles after addition of salts (NaCl, NaBr, KCl, and KBr) in a micellar solution of AOT in D2O from 500 ms to 5 h after mixing. The vesicle radii and the growth rate depend on the salt concentration and decrease with increasing ionic strength. The driving force of the transition is the screening of the electrostatic repulsion between adjacent surfactant headgroups that favors formation of a locally planar bilayer. Assuming that the aggregation is controlled by micelle diffusion, a simple kinetic approach predicts that the average radius increases with the power law R ∝ t 1/6, in close agreement with the experimental data.
The escape fraction of Lyman-continuum (LyC) photons (
f
esc
) is a key parameter for determining the sources of cosmic reionization at
z
≥ 6. At these redshifts, owing to the opacity of the ...intergalactic medium, the LyC emission cannot be measured directly. However, LyC leakers during the epoch of reionization could be identified using indirect indicators that have been extensively tested at low and intermediate redshifts. These include a high O
III
/O
II
flux ratio, high star-formation surface density, and compact sizes. In this work, we present observations of 29 4.5 ≤
z
≤ 8 gravitationally lensed galaxies in the Abell 2744 cluster field. From a combined analysis of JWST-NIRSpec and NIRCam data, we accurately derived their physical and spectroscopic properties: our galaxies have low masses (log(
M
⋆
)∼8.5), blue UV spectral slopes (
β
∼ −2.1), compact sizes (
r
e
∼ 0.3 − 0.5 kpc), and high O
III
/O
II
flux ratios. We confirm that these properties are similar to those characterizing low-redshift LyC leakers. Indirectly inferring the fraction of escaping ionizing photons, we find that more than 80% of our galaxies have predicted
f
esc
values larger than 0.05, indicating that they would be considered leakers. The average predicted
f
esc
value of our sample is 0.12, suggesting that similar galaxies at
z
≥ 6 have provided a substantial contribution to cosmic reionization.
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