Summary
The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate gender differences in the prevalence of TMD. A systematic review was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and LILACS in ...duplicate by two independent reviewers. The inclusion criteria were cross‐sectional studies that reported the prevalence of TMD for men and women and that used the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) Axis I group diagnostic criteria:(group I = muscle disorders; group II = disc displacements; group III = arthralgias/arthritis/arthrosis).To be eligible for inclusion, studies must include adult individuals (>18 years) from a non‐clinical population (ie without pre‐diagnosis of TMD); in other words, from population‐based studies. There were no restrictions on the year and language of publication. The quality of the articles was assessed by an adapted version of the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale(NOS), and the publication bias was assessed by a funnel plot graph. Data were quantitatively analysed by meta‐analysis using odds ratio (OR) as the measure effect. The electronic search retrieved a total of 6104 articles, of which 112 articles were selected for full‐text reading according to the eligibility criteria. By means of manual search, one study was retrieved. Five articles were selected for meta‐analysis with a combined sample of 2518 subjects. Women had higher prevalence of TMD in all RDC/TMD diagnostic groups. The meta‐analysis yielded the following results: (a) OR = 2.24 for global TMD (groups I, II and III combined), (b) OR = 2.09 for group I, (c) OR = 1.6 for group II and (d) OR = 2.08 for group III. The importance of gender in the development of TMD has been demonstrated, with a two times greater risk of women to develop it as compared to men.
Magnetic molecules, modelled as finite-size spin systems, are test-beds for quantum phenomena1 and could constitute key elements in future spintronics devices2–5, long-lasting nanoscale memories6 or ...noise-resilient quantum computing platforms7–10. Inelastic neutron scattering is the technique of choice to probe them, characterizing molecular eigenstates on atomic scales11–14. However, although large magnetic molecules can be controllably synthesized15–18, simulating their dynamics and interpreting spectroscopic measurements is challenging because of the exponential scaling of the required resources on a classical computer. Here, we show that quantum computers19–22 have the potential to efficiently extract dynamical correlations and the associated magnetic neutron cross-section by simulating prototypical spin systems on a quantum hardware22. We identify the main gate errors and show the potential scalability of our approach. The synergy between developments in neutron scattering and quantum processors will help design spin clusters for future applications.Inelastic neutron scattering is used to probe the spin dynamics of molecular nanomagnets, but extensive supporting computations make the technique challenging. Proof-of-principle experiments now show that quantum computers may solve these computations efficiently.
Measuring longitudinally polarized vector boson scattering in
WW
channel is a promising way to investigate unitarity restoration with the Higgs mechanism and to search for possible physics beyond the ...Standard Model. In order to perform such a measurement, it is crucial to develop an efficient reconstruction of the full
W
boson kinematics in leptonic decays with the focus on polarization measurements. We investigated several approaches, from traditional ones up to advanced deep neural network structures, and we compared their abilities in reconstructing the
W
boson reference frame and in consequently measuring the longitudinal fraction
W
L
in both semi-leptonic and fully-leptonic
WW
decay channels.
AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the association between the duration and level of exposure to different classes of anticholinergic drugs and subsequent incident dementia.DesignCase-control ...study.SettingGeneral practices in the UK contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.Participants40 770 patients aged 65-99 with a diagnosis of dementia between April 2006 and July 2015, and 283 933 controls without dementia.InterventionsDaily defined doses of anticholinergic drugs coded using the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale, in total and grouped by subclass, prescribed 4-20 years before a diagnosis of dementia.Main outcome measuresOdds ratios for incident dementia, adjusted for a range of demographic and health related covariates.Results14 453 (35%) cases and 86 403 (30%) controls were prescribed at least one anticholinergic drug with an ACB score of 3 (definite anticholinergic activity) during the exposure period. The adjusted odds ratio for any anticholinergic drug with an ACB score of 3 was 1.11 (95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.14). Dementia was associated with an increasing average ACB score. When considered by drug class, gastrointestinal drugs with an ACB score of 3 were not distinctively linked to dementia. The risk of dementia increased with greater exposure for antidepressant, urological, and antiparkinson drugs with an ACB score of 3. This result was also observed for exposure 15-20 years before a diagnosis.ConclusionsA robust association between some classes of anticholinergic drugs and future dementia incidence was observed. This could be caused by a class specific effect, or by drugs being used for very early symptoms of dementia. Future research should examine anticholinergic drug classes as opposed to anticholinergic effects intrinsically or summing scales for anticholinergic exposure.Trial registrationRegistered to the European Union electronic Register of Post-Authorisation Studies EUPAS8705.
The prognosis of elderly patients with glioblastoma (GBM) is universally poor. Currently, few studies have examined postoperative outcomes and the effects of various modern therapies such as ...bevacizumab on survival in this patient population. In this study, the authors evaluated the effects of various factors on overall survival in a cohort of elderly patients with newly diagnosed GBM.
A retrospective review was performed of elderly patients (≥ 65 years old) with newly diagnosed GBM treated between 2004 and 2010. Various characteristics were evaluated in univariate and multivariate stepwise models to examine their effects on complication risk and overall survival.
A total of 120 patients were included in the study. The median age was 71 years, and sex was distributed evenly. Patients had a median Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score of 80 and a median of 2 neurological symptoms on presentation. The majority (53.3%) of the patients did not have any comorbidities. Tumors most frequently (43.3%) involved the temporal lobe, followed by the parietal (35.8%), frontal (32.5%), and occipital (15.8%) regions. The majority (57.5%) of the tumors involved eloquent structures. The median tumor size was 4.3 cm. Every patient underwent resection, and 63.3% underwent gross-total resection (GTR). The vast majority (97.3%) of the patients received the postoperative standard of care consisting of radiotherapy with concurrent temozolomide. The majority (59.3%) of patients received additional agents, most commonly consisting of bevacizumab (38.9%). The median survival for all patients was 12.0 months; 26.7% of patients experienced long-term (≥ 2-year) survival. The extent of resection was seen to significantly affect overall survival; patients who underwent GTR had a median survival of 14.1 months, whereas those who underwent subtotal resection had a survival of 9.6 months (p = 0.038). Examination of chemotherapeutic effects revealed that the use of bevacizumab compared with no bevacizumab (20.1 vs 7.9 months, respectively; p < 0.0001) and irinotecan compared with no irinotecan (18.0 vs 9.7 months, respectively; p = 0.027) significantly improved survival. Multivariate stepwise analysis revealed that older age (hazard ratio HR 1.06 95% CI1.02-1.10; p = 0.0077), a higher KPS score (HR 0.97 95% CI 0.95-0.99; p = 0.0082), and the use of bevacizumab (HR 0.51 95% CI 0.31-0.83; p = 0.0067) to be significantly associated with survival.
This study has demonstrated that GTR confers a modest survival benefit on elderly patients with GBM, suggesting that safe maximal resection is warranted. In addition, bevacizumab significantly increased the overall survival of these elderly patients with GBM; older age and preoperative KPS score also were significant prognostic factors. Although elderly patients with GBM have a poor prognosis, they may experience enhanced survival after the administration of the standard of care and the use of additional chemotherapeutics such as bevacizumab.
Metabolomics is a powerful tool in the analysis and identification of metabolites responsible for biological properties. Regarding natural product chemistry, it constitutes a potential strategy to ...streamline the classic and laborious process of isolating natural products, which often involves the re-isolation and identification of known compounds. In this contribution, we establish a mass spectrometry-based metabolomics strategy to discover compounds with larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. We analyse the Brazilian plant Annona crassiflora using different platforms to annotate the active compounds in different extracts/fractions of various plant parts. The MetaboAnalyst and GNPS platforms, which consider LC-MS and LC-MS/MS data, respectively, were chosen to identify compounds that differentiate active and inactive samples. Bio-guided isolation was subsequently performed to confirm compound activity. Results proved the capacity of metabolomics to predict metabolite differences between active and inactive samples using LC-MS and LC-MS/MS data. Moreover, we discuss the limitations, possibilities, and strategies to have a broad view of vast data.
To study the association between sleep quality and oral health related variables, which still have conflicts in the literature.
This was a population-based case-control study between subjects with ...versus without sleep disorders from the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS), city of Maringá (N=1,643). Subjects answered self-reported questionnaires: a) Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD), b) Sleep Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) and c) North York Dental Health Survey (NYDHS).
No significant difference was found for gender, marital status, or income; however, non-Caucasians, people with lower levels of education, and those between 20 to 50 years old had worse scores of sleep disorders in the SAQ. Self-perceived oral health, masticatory capacity to eat foods, and gingival bleeding was significantly worse among subjects with self-reported sleep disorders. Self-reported tooth loss, edentulism and use of removable partial dentures (with clasps) or complete dentures showed no significant difference between groups. Self-reported sleep disorder subjects presented significantly higher prevalence of both self-reported tooth and TMJ pain.
It can be concluded that individuals with self-reported sleep disorders presented worse self-perceived oral health for most studied variables.
ABSTRACT
We combine data from ALMA and MUSE to study the resolved (∼300 pc scale) star formation relation (star formation rate, SFR, versus molecular gas surface density) in cluster galaxies. Our ...sample consists of nine Fornax cluster galaxies, including spirals, ellipticals, and dwarfs, covering a stellar mass range of ∼108.8–1011 M⊙. CO(1-0) and extinction corrected Hα were used as tracers for the molecular gas mass and SFR, respectively. We compare our results with Kennicutt and Bigiel et al. Furthermore, we create depletion time maps to reveal small-scale variations in individual galaxies. We explore these further in FCC290, using the ‘uncertainty principle for star formation’ (Kruijssen & Longmore) to estimate molecular cloud lifetimes, which we find to be short (<10 Myr) in this galaxy. Galaxy-averaged depletion times are compared with other parameters such as stellar mass and cluster-centric distance. We find that the star formation relation in the Fornax cluster is close to those from Kennicutt and Bigiel et al., but overlaps mostly with the shortest depletion times predicted by Bigiel et al. This slight decrease in depletion time is mostly driven by dwarf galaxies with disturbed molecular gas reservoirs close to the virial radius. In FCC90, a dwarf galaxy with a molecular gas tail, we find that depletion times are a factor ≳10 higher in its tail than in its stellar body.
Climate change is currently attracting interest at both research and policy levels. However, it is usually explored in terms of its effect on agriculture, water, industry, energy, transport and ...health and as yet has been insufficiently addressed as a factor threatening cultural heritage. Among the climate parameters critical to heritage conservation and expected to change in the future, precipitation plays an important role in surface recession of stone. The Lipfert function has been taken under consideration to quantify the annual surface recession of carbonate stone, due to the effects of clean rain, acid rain and dry deposition of pollutants. The present paper provides Europe-wide maps showing quantitative predictions of surface recession on carbonate stones for the 21st century, combining a modified Lipfert function with output from the Hadley global climate model. Chemical dissolution of carbonate stones, via the karst effect, will increase with future CO
2 concentrations, and will come to dominate over sulfur deposition and acid rain effects on monuments and buildings in both urban and rural areas. During the present century the rainfall contribution to surface recession is likely to have a small effect, while the increase in atmospheric CO
2 concentration is shown to be the main factor in increasing weathering via the karst effect.
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