The content of adipokines, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were studied in adipocytes isolated from epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue of 24 coronary heart disease patients. The content ...of leptin and soluble leptin receptor in adipocytes of epicardial adipose tissue was higher by 28.6 and 56.9% and the level of adiponectin was lower by 33% than in adipocytes of the subcutaneous fat. In culture of epicardial adipocytes, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1 were higher. Subcutaneous adipose tissue adipocytes were characterized by higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and FGF-β. In epicardial adipocytes of coronary heart disease patients, the concentrations of leptin, TNF-α, and IL-1 were higher, while the levels of defense regulatory molecules (adiponectin, IL-10, and FGF-β) were lower than in subcutaneous adipocytes.
Obesity and Aging: General Aspects Dyleva, Yu. A.; Belik, E. V.; Gruzdeva, O. V.
Journal of evolutionary biochemistry and physiology,
03/2023, Letnik:
59, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of acute and chronic diseases, including hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular pathologies, diabetes, and cancer; it also reduces ...life expectancy by up to 20 years, increasing the risk of premature death. It has been shown that obesity-associated metabolic changes are similar to those observed in aging. For example, obesity and aging share a similar range of phenotypes, such as genome disintegration, mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of intracellular macromolecules, weakened immune system, and systemic inflammation. The commonality of mechanisms may underlie the acceleration of aging processes, both at molecular and systemic levels. Thus, the understanding of the mechanisms of adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity can provide deeper insight into the processes that contribute to aging-related metabolic dysfunction. The present review addresses the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie obesity and aging, as well as the issue of how obesity can activate aging, initiating the early onset of aging-related chronic diseases.
was to study the details of hemostasiological profile in sheep and patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and to find the possibility of predicting thrombotic risks during preclinical tests of ...vascular prostheses on a large laboratory animal model.
The functional activity of platelets was measured in platelet-rich plasma with inductors: ADP, epinephrine, collagen. Prothrombin activity, international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time, fibrinogen concentration, antithrombin III and protein C activity, fibrinolysis were determined in blood plasma. Changes in clot formation and viscoelastic properties of clots were assessed using thromboelastography.
Significant differences were found in the hemostasiological profile of sheep and CHD patients. Sheep platelets had increased response to ADP induction and practically no response to epinephrine induction; collagen-induced aggregation was comparable in the study groups. Coagulation hemostasis of sheep was characterized by increased activity of the prothrombin complex, shortened thrombin time, while APTT and fibrinogen values remained comparable. At the same time, sheep exhibited a significant decrease in the activity of anticoagulant and fibrinolytic systems as compared to CHD patients. When assessing dynamic changes in clot formation, it was observed that initiation phase was faster in animals, while clot density exceeded that in patients.
The hemostasiological profile of sheep is characterized by the increased speed of thrombus formation, greater strength of the formed clot, and lower lysis ability as compared to CHD patients. The revealed details of the hemostasiological profile of sheep can be potential targets for therapy with antithrombotic drugs that minimize thrombotic risks in preclinical testing of vascular prostheses.
The work was aimed to evaluate the immunophenotype of adipose tissue stem cells isolated from epicardial and perivascular fat depots in patients with coronary heart disease and acquired heart ...disease. In cell culture obtained from epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) (second passage) of patients with both coronary heart disease and acquired heart disease, there was a high (over 90%) expression of membrane proteins characteristic of stem cells. In addition to a major cell population, the two minor were found both in EAT and in PVAT cell cultures: (1) CD90
–
, CD105
+
, CD34
–/+
, CD73
+
, CD45
–
(putative endothelial), and (2) CD90
+
, CD105
–
, CD34
–
, CD73
–
, CD45
–
(the smallest). Thus, at early stages of cultivation, mesenchymal cells of the stromal vascular fraction isolated from EAT and PVAT express surface markers characteristic of adipose tissue stem cells.
PDF
