(1) Background: This study aimed to determine the relationship between metabolic urine conditions and the formation, severity, and composition of encrustations in ureteral stents. (2) Methods: Ninety ...stone-former patients requiring a double-J stent were prospectively enrolled. We collected 24 h metabolic urine samples and demographic data, including indwelling time and previous stone composition. The total deposit weight was obtained, and a macroscopic classification according to the degree of encrustation (null, low, moderate, and high) was created, allowing for intergroup comparisons. Stereoscopic and scanning electron microscopy were performed to identify the type of embedded deposits (calcium oxalate, uric acid, and infectious and non-infectious phosphates). (3) Results: In total, 70% of stents were encrusted; thereof, 42% had a moderate degree of encrustation. The most common encrustation type was calcium oxalate, but infectious phosphates were predominant in the high-encrustation group (
< 0.05). A direct correlation was observed between the purpose-built macroscopic classification and the encrustation weights (
< 0.001). Greater calciuria, uricosuria, indwelling time, and decreased diuresis were observed in stents with a higher degree of encrustation (
< 0.05). The urinary pH values were lower in patients with uric acid encrustations and higher in those with infectious phosphate encrustations (
< 0.05). When compared to non-encrusted stents, patients with calcium-oxalate-encrusted stent showed greater calciuria, phosphaturia, indwelling time, and reduced diuresis; patients with uric-acid-encrusted stent showed greater uricosuria; and patients with infectious and non-infectious phosphate encrustation showed greater urinary pH (
< 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Metabolic urine conditions play a critical role in the formation, composition, and severity of double-J stent encrustation.
One of the possible complications of chronic ureteral stenting is an artery–urinary tract fistula, although it is very rare. If it occurs, it is an emergency that needs surgery because of hemorrhage. ...We describe a case of an iliac-ileal conduit fistula, which is extremely rare, that was successfully treated by endovascular stent grafting.
ES The TFG contemplates the development of a microcontroller-based inverter control system for an electric drive test bank The system must be based on a microcontroller type ESP32 or similar and the ...development must contemplate: * development and testing of a control algorithm with speed/position/current feedback * development and testing of a pulse width modulation algorithm by spatial vector * development of the local display interface (L
ES El TFG contempla el desarrollo de un sistema de control de inversor basado en microcontrolador para un banco de ensayos de accionamientos eléctricos El sistema debe estar basado en un microcontrolador tipo ESP32 o similar y el desarrollo debe contemplar: *desarrollo y pruebas de un algoritmo de control con realimentación de velocidad/posición/corriente *desarrollo y pruebas de un algoritmo de modulación por ancho de pulso por vector espacial *desarrollo de la interfaz de visualización local (LCD) *desarrollo del la interfaz de transmisión de datos para operación remota (tablet-PC), *desarrollo de una App Android para operación remota y registro de datos y gráficos históricos de operación
ES El TFG contempla el desarrollo de un sistema de control de inversor basado en microcontrolador para un banco de ensayos de accionamientos eléctricos El sistema debe estar basado en un microcontrolador tipo ESP32 o similar y el desarrollo debe contemplar: *desarrollo y pruebas de un algoritmo de control con realimentación de velocidad/posición/corriente *desarrollo y pruebas de un algoritmo de modulación por ancho de pulso por vector espacial *desarrollo de la interfaz de visualización local (LCD) *desarrollo del la interfaz de transmisión de datos para operación remota (tablet-PC), *desarrollo de una App Android para operación remota y registro de datos y gráficos históricos de operación
In the arid area of northern Chile, groundwater resources in the Andean formations are essential for native populations, ecological services, mining, and other human activities. Validated conceptual ...hydrogeological models are required for current and future water and land management. This work aims to explain the processes controlling the origin and distribution of recharge and groundwater composition in the Andean Precordillera and Altiplano of the Tarapacá Region of northern Chile, using major solutes in spring, river, and well water, and the stable and radioactive isotopes of water oxygen, hydrogen, and dissolved inorganic carbon. The waters are mainly of the Na-Ca-SO4 type. Processes controlling the chemical evolution of waters are atmospheric dust contribution, evapo-concentration, and enhanced volcanic rock weathering, as well as halite dissolution in some locations. The isotopic composition of Precordillera eastern flank water samples follows an evaporation line, while those in the western flank, in the Altiplano, follow a line that is parallel to the local meteoric line, suggesting unsaturated zone evaporation processes of infiltrated rainfall. δ13CDIC contents (-2 to -27‰) indicate mixing processes, volcanic CO2 in the Altiplano, and calcite dissolution in some sectors. In the western depression, the only recharge is due to water infiltration in creek channels. In the highland areas, 5–25% of precipitation produces recharge. The estimated groundwater renewal time in the Precordillera was 3–14 kyr. The piezometric elevation in the Precordillera due to low-permeability intrusive rocks and local recharge prevents the east-west groundwater transfer from the Altiplano to the western depression and explains why the volcanic CO2 in the Altiplano basins is not observed on the western flank. These results provide new insights for the evolution of water quality in volcanic aquifers in arid environments and provide considerations for estimating groundwater residence times using radiocarbon in areas influenced by volcanic CO2.
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•Airborne salts contribute to groundwater salinity.•Evapo-concentration and volcanic rocks weathering enhance water salinization.•In the Altiplano basins there is a contribution of volcanic CO2 to groundwater•Low-permeability rocks inhibit groundwater flow from the Altiplano to the west.•Groundwater renewal time is often of several millennia
Knowledge about human papillomaviruses (HPV) types involved in anal cancers in some world regions is scanty. Here, we describe the HPV DNA prevalence and type distribution in a series of invasive ...anal cancers and anal intraepithelial neoplasias (AIN) grades 2/3 from 24 countries. We analyzed 43 AIN 2/3 cases and 496 anal cancers diagnosed from 1986 to 2011. After histopathological evaluation of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded samples, HPV DNA detection and genotyping was performed using SPF‐10/DEIA/LiPA25 system (version 1). A subset of 116 cancers was further tested for p16INK4a expression, a cellular surrogate marker for HPV‐associated transformation. Prevalence ratios were estimated using multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance in the anal cancer data set. HPV DNA was detected in 88.3% of anal cancers (95% confidence interval CI: 85.1–91.0%) and in 95.3% of AIN 2/3 (95% CI: 84.2–99.4%). Among cancers, the highest prevalence was observed in warty–basaloid subtype of squamous cell carcinomas, in younger patients and in North American geographical region. There were no statistically significant differences in prevalence by gender. HPV16 was the most frequent HPV type detected in both cancers (80.7%) and AIN 2/3 lesions (75.4%). HPV18 was the second most common type in invasive cancers (3.6%). p16INK4a overexpression was found in 95% of HPV DNA‐positive anal cancers. In view of the results of HPV DNA and high proportion of p16INK4a overexpression, infection by HPV is most likely to be a necessary cause for anal cancers in both men and women. The large contribution of HPV16 reinforces the potential impact of HPV vaccines in the prevention of these lesions.
What's new?
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to anal cancer through high HPV DNA‐detection rates. Here, in one of the largest international studies to date, HPV DNA was detected in more than 88% of anal cancers and more than 95% of anal intraepithelial neoplasias grades 2/3. HPV16 was the most frequently detected virus type, followed by HPV18. Overexpression of p16INK4a, a surrogate marker for HPV‐associated transformation, was found in 95% of HPV‐positive anal cancers. The data implicate HPV as a causative factor in anal cancer.
Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is an effector cytokine that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of both psoriasis and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a condition that is more prevalent and ...severe in patients with psoriasis. In liver inflammation, IL-17 is mainly produced by CD4+ T (TH17) and CD8+ T cells (Tc17), although numerous other cells (macrophages, natural killer cells, neutrophils and Tγδ cells) also contribute to the production of IL-17. In hepatocytes, IL-17 mediates systemic inflammation and the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the liver, and it is also implicated in the development of fibrosis and insulin resistance. IL-17 levels have been correlated with progression from MAFLD to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical trials have shown that inhibiting IL-17A in patients with psoriasis could potentially contribute to the improvement of metabolic and liver parameters. A better understanding of the key factors involved in the pathogenesis of these chronic inflammatory processes could potentially lead to more efficient treatment for both psoriasis and MAFLD, and help to develop holistic strategies to improve the management of these patients.
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