Sweet potato leaf tips have high nutritional value, and exploring the differences in the metabolic profiles of leaf tips among different sweet potato varieties can provide information to improve ...their qualities. In this study, a UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS-based untargeted metabolomics method was used to evaluate the metabolites in leaf tips of 32 sweet potato varieties. Three varieties with distinct overall metabolic profiles (A01, A02, and A03), two varieties with distinct profiles of phenolic acids (A20 and A18), and three varieties with distinct profiles of flavonoids (A05, A12, and A16) were identified. In addition, a total of 163 and 29 differentially expressed metabolites correlated with the color and leaf shape of sweet potato leaf tips, respectively, were identified through morphological characterization. Group comparison analysis of the phenotypic traits and a metabolite-phenotypic trait correlation analysis indicated that the color differences of sweet potato leaf tips were markedly associated with flavonoids. Also, the level of polyphenols was correlated with the leaf shape of sweet potato leaf tips, with lobed leaf types having higher levels of polyphenols than the entire leaf types. The findings on the metabolic profiles and differentially expressed metabolites associated with the morphology of sweet potato leaf tips can provide useful information for breeding sweet potato varieties with higher nutritional value.
In this study, we reported a simple but effective ultrasound-driven route to form and deposit MoS2 onto CdS substrate, which was carried by ultrasonic irradiation in an ultrasonic cleaning bath. The ...ultrasonic irradiation of a suspension of CdS nanowires and (NH4)2MoS4 in an aqueous solution of ethanol for 30 min yielded a MoS2 nanosheets-deposited CdS composite (MoS2/CdS). The resulting MoS2/CdS has been shown to significantly enhance the photocatalytic performance for H2 evolution compared to pure CdS. Various characterization results reveal that the MoS2 nanosheets deposited on CdS by the ultrasound-driven route are short-range shaped, less ordered, few-layered, and close in contact with CdS, which are responsible for the enhanced H2 evolution performance. We believe that the present work opens up a new avenue for the fabrication of MoS2/sulphide used for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution.
Ultrasonic irradiation of a suspension of CdS nanowires and (NH4)2MoS4 in an aqueous solution of ethanol yields a few-layered MoS2 nanosheets-deposited CdS composite, which exhibits efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution. Display omitted
Gasoline contaminated soil poses an environmental and human health problem, which may be partially solved by the emerging non-thermal plasma technology. In this study a pulse corona discharge (PCD) ...reactor was employed to degrade gasoline in soil and simultaneously to fix nitrogen in soil. The gasoline removal rates were influenced by input power, electrode gap, gas flow rate, initial gasoline concentration, soil pH, and soil moisture. This technology produced no secondary pollution. Ozone, NOx, and hydroxyl radicals, generated directly on the soil surface, were identified as the primary agents responsible for gasoline degradation. The role of the major active agents was determined by ventilating different gases during the corona discharges. In addition, the concentration of nitrate and wettability of soil was increased after the treatment. Safety and fertility of treated soil were investigated by planting lettuce. Thus, soil pollution was remediated using this non-thermal plasma treatment, while simultaneously improving soil nitrogen content and physical characteristics. This process potentially enhances soil fertility and revegetation, since this environmentally-friendly method does not involve other chemicals injections.
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•High degradation efficiency (86%) of gasoline was achieved using pulse corona discharge plasma.•Soil was remediated while enhancing soil fertility and improving wettability of soil without foreign chemicals injections.•Plant test showed that germination and dry weight of lettuce improved after plasma treatment.
A Bayesian nonparametric approach for estimation of a Dirichlet process (DP) mixture of generalized inverted Dirichlet distributions i.e., an infinite generalized inverted Dirichlet mixture model ...(InGIDMM) has been proposed. The generalized inverted Dirichlet distribution has been proven to be efficient in modeling the vectors that contain only positive elements. Under the classical variational inference (VI) framework, the key challenge in the Bayesian estimation of InGIDMM is that the expectation of the joint distribution of data and variables cannot be explicitly calculated. Therefore, numerical methods are usually applied to simulate the optimal posterior distributions. With the recently proposed extended VI (EVI) framework, we introduce lower bound approximations to the original variational objective function in the VI framework such that an analytically tractable solution can be derived. Hence, the problem in numerical simulation has been overcome. By applying the DP mixture technique, an InGIDMM can automatically determine the number of mixture components from the observed data. Moreover, the DP mixture model with an infinite number of mixture components also avoids the problems of underfitting and overfitting. The performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated with both synthesized data and real-life data applications.
Gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) is a clinically aggressive subtype of mixed neuroendocrine–nonneuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN) with unclear clonal origin. In this study, we ...analyzed high-resolution copy number (CN) profiling data using the OncoScan CNV Assay in the neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) and adenocarcinoma components of eight MANECs. Some common CNVs, including the gain of CCNE1 (19q12) and the loss of FAT1 (4q35.2), were frequently detected in both components; these CNVs were verified by FISH, qPCR and immunohistochemistry staining assays in samples with sufficient material. The identification of common CNVs in both components supports the likelihood of single clonal origin of morphologically heterogeneous tumor cells and suggests several novel genetic events potentially involved in the development of gastric MANEC. We also detected and validated some CNVs and alterations specific for the NEC component, such as MAPK1 loss and MAPK signaling pathway alterations, which could contribute to the neuroendocrine differentiation of gastric MANEC. In addition, we found that the NEC component presented more CNVs and greater CN loss than the adenocarcinoma component (P = 0.007 and P = 0.004, respectively); the NEC components from different cases were not clustered in the hierarchical clustering analysis, indicating the marked genetic heterogenicity of the NEC component in gastric MANEC. In summary, this study describes the cytogenetic characteristics of each component of gastric MANEC, providing some clues for further studies on the development and progression of gastric MANEC as well as providing some potential therapeutic targets.
Schwertmannite (Sch) is a highly bioavailable iron-hydroxysulfate mineral commonly found in acid mine drainage contaminated environment rich in sulfate (SO42−). Microbial-mediated Sch transformation ...has been well-studied, however, the understanding of how SO42− availability affects the microbial-mediated Sch transformation and the secondary minerals influence microbes is relatively limited. This study examined the effect of SO42− availability on the iron-reducing bacteria (FeRB) and SO42−-reducing bacteria (SRB) consortium-mediated Sch transformation and the resulting secondary minerals in turn on bacteria. Increased SO42− accelerated the onset of microbial SO42− reduction, which significantly accelerated Sch reduction transformation. The extent of intermediate products such as lepidocrocite (22.1 % ~ 76.3 %, all treatments) and goethite (15.3 %, 10 mM SO42−, 5 d) formed by Sch transformation depended on SO42− concentrations. Vivianite, siderite and iron‑sulfur minerals (e.g., FeS and FeS2) were the dominant secondary minerals, in which the relative content of vivianite and siderite decreased while iron‑sulfur minerals increased with increasing SO42− concentration. Correspondingly, the abundance of FeRB and SRB was negatively and positively correlated with SO42− concentration, respectively; 1 mM SO42− promoted the cymA and omcA expression of FeRB, but 10 mM SO42− lowerd the cymA and omcA expression compared to the 1 mM SO42−; the dsr expression of SRB related linearly to the SO42− concentration. These secondary minerals accumulated on the cell surface to form cell encrustations, which limited the growth and gene expression of FeRB and SRB, and even inhibited the activity of SRB in the 10 mM SO42− treatment group. The 10 mM SO42− treatment group with low-intensity ultrasound effectively restored the SRB activity for reducing SO42− by disintegrating the cell-mineral aggregation, further indicating that cell encrustations limited the microbial metabolism. The results highlight the critical role that SO42− availability can play in controlling microbial transformation of mineral, and the influence of secondary minerals on microbial metabolism.
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•Increased SO42- accelerated microbe-mediated schwertmannite reduction transformation.•SO42- determined the succession of co-cultured iron- and SO42--reducing bacteria.•SO42- altered the intermediate product formed by schwertmannite transformation.•Secondary minerals produced by co-cultured iron- and SO42--reducing bacteria limited microbial metabolism.•Adopting low-intensity ultrasound treatment effectively restored the SO42--reducing bacteria activity for reducing SO42-.
A carboxylesterase fluorescent probe (Probe 1) was developed for determination of carboxylesterase to guide detection of carbamate pesticide. The probe uses benzothiazole as fluorescence group and ...phenyldimethyl carbamate as recognition group. The solution of the fluorescent probe gradually changes from light blue to dark blue as the concentration of carbamate pesticides increases. The concentration of carbamate pesticides can be quickly calculated according to the colour of the probe solution through Get Color software on a smartphone. It showed that Probe 1 can be used as a rapid detection tool to achieve rapid detection of carbamate pesticides in juice samples without professional personnel and equipment. Furthermore, the probe has been successfully used to detect carbamate pesticides in fruit juice and vegetable juice.
As one of the most commonly used soft-tissue fillers, hyaluronic acid is generally considered safe and efficacious. However, evident bone resorption in mentum was observed. In this study, the authors ...analyzed the impact of hyaluronic acid on bone resorption in mentum and the influencing factors.
The authors retrospectively compared the computed tomographic scans of patients with or without mentum augmentation using hyaluronic acid. The body mass index- and sex-matched control group was selected randomly. Semimandibular bone resorption index was calculated as the ratio of bone thickness in the incisive fossa to that in the mandibular symphysis. Injection volume, injection interval, the number of injections, product, complication were also recorded.
From January of 2014 to June of 2019, 80 patients (160 cases) and 80 controls were recruited. The bone resorption index in the hyaluronic acid injection cohort was significantly lower than in the controls (75.25 ± 10.02 versus 82.86 ± 6.38; p = 0.000). Patients injected with greater than or equal to 1 ml per time were more susceptible to bone erosion compared with patients injected with less (68.89 ± 10.84 versus 76.49 ± 9.42; p = 0.000). There was no significant difference between one- versus multiple-injection groups and short-injection-interval versus long-injection-interval (≥6 months) groups. Furthermore, no reduced aesthetics were realized.
Hyaluronic acid injection could induce bone resorption in the mentum; nevertheless, the aesthetics were not impaired. The severity of the bone loss was positively correlated with the injection volume per time; therefore, large-volume injection of hyaluronic acid should be performed with caution. The patients should be fully informed about this complication preoperatively.
Therapeutic, III.
In this work, Ni(OH)
-deposited ZnIn
S
microspheres (Ni(OH)
/ZnIn
S
) were fabricated using a hydrothermal process, followed by a facile
precipitation method. It was demonstrated that the deposition ...of Ni(OH)
on ZnIn
S
effectively promotes the separation of charges photogenerated over ZnIn
S
, and significantly enhances photocatalytic H
evolution. The optimum rate of the photocatalytic H
evolution over the 6% Ni(OH)
/ZnIn
S
composite reaches 4.43 mmol g
h
, which is 21.1 times higher than that of the pure ZnIn
S
. Based on various characterization results and Au photo-deposition on the composite, it was proposed that the capture of the photogenerated holes by the deposited Ni(OH)
would be responsible for the efficient charge separation, which allows more photogenerated electrons to be left on the ZnIn
S
for the reduction of H
to H
with a higher rate.
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