Water hyacinth ( Pontederia crassipes Mart.) is a monocotyledonous aquatic plant renowned for its rapid growth, extensive proliferation, biological invasiveness, and ecological resilience to ...variations in pH, nutrients, and temperature. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has listed P. crassipes among the top 100 invasive species. However, comprehensive genomic information, particularly concerning its mitochondrial genome (mitogenome), remains surprisingly limited. In this study, the complete mitogenome of P. crassipes was analyzed using bioinformatics approaches. The mitogenome is 399,263 bp long and contains 38 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 24 tRNA genes, and 3 rRNA genes. Sequence analysis revealed that the complete mitogenome of the species contains 3,289 dispersed repeats, and 765 RNA editing sites in protein-coding genes. The P. crassipes mitogenome possessed un-conserved structures, including extensive sequence transfer between its chloroplasts and mitochondria. Our study on the mitogenome of P. crassipes offers critical insights into its evolutionary patterns and phylogenetic relationships with related taxa. This research enhances our understanding of this invasive species, known for its significant biomass and rapid overgrowth in aquatic environments.
To enhance the sensitivity of detecting Cu and Zn in aluminum alloys, we incorporated a spark discharge unit into the femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (fs-LIBS) system, forming a ...femtosecond laser ablation spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy (fs-LA-SIBS) system. We utilized both fs-LA-SIBS and fs-LIBS techniques to detect Cu and Zn in various aluminum alloy samples with different contents. Our results reveal that the spark discharge extends the duration of laser-induced plasma atomic radiation and amplifies the peak intensity of atomic radiation, thereby significantly increasing the time-integrated signal intensity of laser-induced plasma. Under the present experimental conditions, the limits of detection (LoDs) of Cu and Zn in aluminum alloy by fs-LA-SIBS are 16 and 12 ppm, respectively. In contrast, the LoDs of Cu and Zn by fs-LIBS technique under the same laser pulse energy are 96 and 84 ppm, respectively. Hence, for Cu, the LoDs by the fs-LA-SIBS technique are 1/6 of those by the fs-LIBS technique, and for Zn, the LoDs by the fs-LA-SIBS technique are 1/7 of those by the fs-LIBS technique. Our findings demonstrate that the fs-LA-SIBS technique is more sensitive than the fs-LIBS technique in the quantitative analysis of elements and may be a practical approach for elemental analysis in alloys.
Seismic damage shows that the out-of-plane collapse of unreinforced masonry walls is very common. Especially in the teaching buildings, the out-of-plane collapse of the longitudinal load-bearing ...walls leads to the disproportionate collapse of the building, which results in serious loss of life and property. It is assumed that the in-plane stiffness of the unreinforced masonry floor system is infinite, and the effect of the integral bending of building on the story drift is ignored. The load-displacement relationship for out-of-plane of unreinforced wall under vertical dead load and horizontal seismic load was deduced with the bilinear constitutive relationship of masonry under compression, the second-order effect of vertical load on deformation being considered. The influence of axial compression ratio and the height-thickness ratio of the wall on the failure model and the load-displacement characteristics in the elastic state, ultimate state and collapse state were also studied. A theoretical method for the collapse mechanism and the aseismic design of the unreinforced masonry structure based on displacement was provided. This study has significant implications for the seismic performance design, post earthquake structural reinforcement, and seismic grade evaluation of unreinforced masonry structures.
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins comprise a diverse superfamily involved in plant development and stress responses. This study presents a first genome-wide analysis of LEA genes in papaya ...(Carica papaya L., Caricaceae), an economically important tree fruit crop widely cultivated in the tropics and subtropics. A total of 28 members were identified from the papaya genome, which belong to eight families with defined Pfam domains, i.e., LEA_1 (3), LEA_2 (4), LEA_3 (5), LEA_4 (5), LEA_5 (2), LEA_6 (2), DHN (4), and SMP (3). The family numbers are comparable to those present in Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae, 28) and Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae, 29), but relatively less than that found in Moringa oleifera (Cleomaceae, 39) and Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae, 51), implying lineage-specific evolution in Brassicales. Indeed, best-reciprocal-hit-based sequence comparison and synteny analysis revealed the presence of 29 orthogroups, and significant gene expansion in Tarenaya and Arabidopsis was mainly contributed by whole-genome duplications that occurred sometime after their split with the papaya. Though a role of transposed duplication was also observed, tandem duplication was shown to be a key contributor in gene expansion of most species examined. Further comparative analyses of exon-intron structures and protein motifs supported fast evolution of this special superfamily, especially in Arabidopsis. Transcriptional profiling revealed diverse expression patterns of CpLEA genes over various tissues and different stages of developmental fruit. Moreover, the transcript level of most genes appeared to be significantly regulated by drought, cold, and salt stresses, corresponding to the presence of cis-acting elements associated with stress response in their promoter regions. These findings not only improve our knowledge on lineage-specific family evolution in Brassicales, but also provide valuable information for further functional analysis of LEA genes in papaya.
Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a highly significant agricultural pest that poses a threat to crop production worldwide. It is polyphagous, has a strong migratory ability, and is difficult to ...control, which makes it a threat not only to crops but also to woody plants. However, research on its adaptability to woody plants is limited. This study compares the feeding adaptations (survival rate, pupation time, pupation rate, weight, length, and daily food consumption), protective enzyme activities, and feeding preferences of S. frugiperda on leaves of six economically important tree species (Areca catechu L., Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Spreng, Cocos nucifera L., Camellia oleifera Abel, Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen, and Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.), with Zea mays L. used as a control treatment. The results indicate that S. frugiperda did not survive when fed with A. catechu, C. oleifera, and D. odorifera. A. catechu had similar survival rates (83.33%), pupation (86.67%), weight, and length data compared to the maize control. C. nucifera had lower survival rates (46.67%) but no significant differences in pupation (76.67%), weight, and length data of S. frugiperda. H. brasiliensis exhibited significantly lower survival (50.00%) and pupation rates (46.67%) compared to maize. However, there was no significant difference in weight and length data, and its preference index was higher among the six tree species treatments. Therefore, A. sinensis is a vulnerable tree with a high risk, while H. brasiliensis and C. nucifera showed varying degrees of susceptibility. A. catechu, C. oleifera, and D. odorifera were found to be unsuitable hosts for S. frugiperda. In conclusion, this study extensively explores the feeding effects of S. frugiperda on six economically important tree species. It provides insights into the feeding preferences of the pest, thereby informing the potential threat posed by S. frugiperda to economically important trees. It helps to prevent further damage from S. frugiperda and provides a reference for agriculture and forestry to develop effective joint prevention and control measures.
To resolve the problems of position and angle change causing miss and false detection, low accuracy of difficult samples in X-ray luggage images, using YOLOv5 as the baseline, this paper proposes a ...model by inverted bottleneck and light convolution block attention module for the X-ray prohibited items detection. The inverted bottle-neck design is introduced in the backbone to emphasize the detailed features and improve the model to cope with the large-angle change problem. The light convolution block attention module is used to suppress background interference and reduce model parameter. The Gaussian error linear unit activation function and improved loss function are used to enhance the nonlinear expression ability, increasing the punishment of predicted value to optimize the model??s detection ability for difficult samples. The proposed model is trained and tested on three large public datasets OPIXray, SIXray, and HiXray, resulting in the mAP of 91.9%, 93.4%, and 82.2%, respectively. The results show that
College physical education is the most common course type in college students’ education. It undertakes the important responsibility of improving students’ physical quality. In order to make ...effective use of teaching curriculum, the evaluation of curriculum reform is the key of research. Based on this, this paper puts forward the evaluation of physical education teaching effect based on grey system theory. This paper expounds the research progress of teaching effect evaluation and then analyzes the grey system theory. In the evaluation, the key of AHP is to control the traditional fuzzy analysis method, which can be optimized by using fuzzy analysis method. At the same time, the grey system theory is used for comprehensive analysis to establish sports teaching scoring index effect. Through the analysis of physical education teaching examples, the effectiveness of grey system theory in evaluating teaching is confirmed. The application of grey system theory in teaching effect evaluation is more intuitive, which can make full use of the existing whitening information and reduce human errors. In addition, it can comprehensively consider the impact of each sample data on the final result to the greatest extent, which is closer to the actual evaluation result than the theoretical fuzzy evaluation.
LiMgPO4:Tm,Tb phosphors were synthesized using a solid-state diffusion method. Their properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermoluminescence (TL), scanning electron microscopy ...(SEM), and OSL dosimetric techniques. The influence of light stimulation and thermal excitation on the TL and OSL, and the reusability of the phosphors for OSL regenaration were also studied. The LiMgPO4:Tm,Tb phosphor exhibited high sensitivity to ionizing radiation, good signal reusability and a broad linear dose response range (0.1–1000 Gy). Fading of the OSL signal was about 16% in eight days, after that the intensity kept stable. The excellent luminescent and dosimetric properties of these LiMgPO4:Tm,Tb phosphors enable them to be promising candidates in radiation dosimetry.
OSL curves of LiMgPO4:Tm,Tb and Al2O3:C phosphors stimulated with blue LEDs
In recent years, double perovskite has become a research hotspot of luminescent matrix materials due to its flexible structure, easy doping and good thermal stability. By using a high temperature ...solid-state technique, Bi3+ and Eu3+ co-doped Y2-x-yBixEuyMgTiO6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) phosphors were made. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the crystal structure of all samples is monoclinic system, P21/n; Bi3+ and Eu3+ can be doped into the position of Y3+ in the substitution system of Y2MgTiO6. Both photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and X-ray excitation luminescence spectroscopy (XEL) were used to investigate the link between Bi3+ and Eu3+ doping concentrations and luminescence intensity. PL shows that: When 375 nm is used as the excitation wavelength, by varying the doping concentration of Eu3+ in the Y1.995-yBi0.005EuyMgTiO6 phosphor, it is possible to create the color-tunable emission from blue to red; The introduction of an appropriate amount of Bi3+ will increase the typical Eu3+ emission; The way that the system's Bi3+ and Eu3+ exchange energy can be observed by combining the fluorescence decay curve and photoluminescence. Fitting by concentration quenching model shows that the resonant dipole-dipole transition is the mechanism of energy transfer between Bi3+→Eu3+; X-rays may successfully stimulate the phosphor, and the spectral distribution of XEL and PL is basically the same; The introduction of an appropriate amount of Bi3+ is also beneficial to improving the sensitivity of XEL; Changes in temperature affect the sample's emission intensity; In addition, the samples remain stable for an extended period while being continuously exposed to X-rays at various environmental temperatures. The a forementioned findings suggest that the phosphor has potential use value in the lighting industry, X-ray imaging and temperature sensor.
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