Sordariomycetes is one of the largest classes of Ascomycota that comprises a highly diverse range of fungi mainly characterized by perithecial ascomata and inoperculate unitunicate asci. Freshwater ...Sordariomycetes play an important role in ecosystems and some of them have the potential to produce bioactive compounds. This study documents and reviews the freshwater Sordariomycetes, which is one of the largest and important groups of fungi in aquatic habitats. Based on evidence from DNA sequence data and morphology, we introduce a new order Distoseptisporales, two new families, viz. Ceratosphaeriaceae and Triadelphiaceae, three new genera, viz.
Aquafiliformis
,
Dematiosporium
and
Neospadicoides
, 47 new species, viz.
Acrodictys fluminicola
,
Aquafiliformis lignicola
,
Aquapteridospora fusiformis
,
Arthrinium aquaticum
,
Ascosacculus fusiformis
,
Atractospora aquatica
,
Barbatosphaeria lignicola
,
Ceratosphaeria aquatica
,
C. lignicola
,
Chaetosphaeria aquatica
,
Ch. catenulata
,
Ch. guttulata
,
Ch. submersa
,
Codinaea yunnanensis
,
Conioscypha aquatica
,
C. submersa
,
Cordana aquatica
,
C. lignicola
,
Cosmospora aquatica
,
Cylindrotrichum submersum
,
Dematiosporium aquaticum
,
Dictyochaeta cangshanensis
,
D. ellipsoidea
,
D. lignicola
,
D. submersa
,
Distoseptispora appendiculata
,
D. lignicola
,
D. neorostrata
,
D. obclavata
,
Hypoxylon lignicola
,
Lepteutypa aquatica
,
Myrmecridium aquaticum
,
Neospadicoides aquatica
,
N. lignicola
,
N. yunnanensis
,
Ophioceras submersum
,
Peroneutypa lignicola
,
Phaeoisaria filiformis
,
Pseudostanjehughesia lignicola
,
Rhodoveronaea aquatica
,
Seiridium aquaticum
,
Sporidesmiella aquatica
,
Sporidesmium lageniforme
,
S. lignicola
,
Tainosphaeria lunata
,
T. obclavata
,
Wongia aquatica
, two new combinations, viz.
Acrodictys aquatica
,
Cylindrotrichum aquaticum
, and 9 new records, viz.
Chaetomium globosum
,
Chaetosphaeria cubensis
,
Ch. myriocarpa
,
Cordana abramovii
,
Co. terrestris
,
Cuspidatispora xiphiago
,
Sporidesmiella hyalosperma
,
Stachybotrys chartarum
,
S. chlorohalonata
. A comprehensive classification of the freshwater Sordariomycetes is presented based on updated literature. Phylogenetic inferences based on DNA sequence analyses of a combined LSU, SSU, RPB2 and TEF1α dataset comprising species of freshwater Sordariomycetes are provided. Detailed information including their habitats distribution, diversity, holotype, specimens collected and classification are provided.
A wide area quantum key distribution (QKD) network deployed on communication infrastructures provided by China Mobile Ltd. is demonstrated. Three cities and two metropolitan area QKD networks were ...linked up to form the Hefei-Chaohu-Wuhu wide area QKD network with over 150 kilometers coverage area, in which Hefei metropolitan area QKD network was a typical full-mesh core network to offer all-to-all interconnections, and Wuhu metropolitan area QKD network was a representative quantum access network with point-to-multipoint configuration. The whole wide area QKD network ran for more than 5000 hours, from 21 December 2011 to 19 July 2012, and part of the network stopped until last December. To adapt to the complex and volatile field environment, the Faraday-Michelson QKD system with several stability measures was adopted when we designed QKD devices. Through standardized design of QKD devices, resolution of symmetry problem of QKD devices, and seamless switching in dynamic QKD network, we realized the effective integration between point-to-point QKD techniques and networking schemes.
Background： The emergency department （ED） has a pivotal influence on the management of acute heart failure （AHF）, but dataconcerning current ED management are scarce. This Beijing AHF Registry Study ...investigated the characteristics. ED management, and short- and long-term clinical outcomes of AHF. Methods： This prospective, multicenter, observational study consecutively enrolled 3335 AHF patients who visited 14 EDs in Beijing from January 1, 2011, to September 23, 2012. Baseline data on characteristics and management were collected in the EDs. Follow-up data on death and readmissions were collected until November 31, 2013, with a response rate of 92.80%. The data were reported as median （interquartile range） for the continuous variables, or as number （percentage） for the categorical variables. Results： The median age of the enrolled patients was 71 （58 79） years, and 46.84% wvere women. In patients with AHH coronary heart disease （43.27%） was the most common etiology, andmyocardium ischemia （30.22%） was the main precipitant. Most of the patients in the ED received intravenous treatments, including diuretics （79.28%） and vasodilators （74.90%）. Fewer patients in the ED received neurohormonal antagonists, and 25.94%, 31.12%, and 33.73% of patients received angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, and spironolactone, respectively. The proportions of patients who were admitted, discharged, left against medical advice, and died were 55.53%, 33.58%, 7.08%, and 3.81%, respectively. All-cause mortalities at 30 days and 1 year were 15.30% and 32.27%, respectively. Conclusions： Substantial details on characteristics and ED management of AHF were investigated. The clinical outcomes of AHF patients were dismal. Thus, further investigations of ED-based therapeutic approaches for AHF are needed.
Background Pomalidomide in combination with dexamethasone has demonstrated positive results in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), but no data are available in China. We ...conducted a multicenter, single-arm trial to examine the efficacy and safety of bioequivalent generic pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone in Chinese RRMM patients. Methods Adult (greater than or equai to 18 years of age) RRMM patients who progressed after at least two previous treatments, including bortezomib and lenalidomide, were eligible. Pomalidomide was given orally at 4 mg/day on days 1 to 21 of a 28-day cycle. Dexamethasone was given at 40 mg/day (either orally or intravenously; 20 mg/day at 75 years or older) on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of each cycle. Treatment continued until disease progression or intolerable adverse events (AEs). The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR). Results Seventy-four patients were enrolled between February 2017 and February 2019. All patients had progressed within 60 days of their last therapy. 74.3% of the patients were resistant to lenalidomide, 31.1% had renal insufficiency and 33.8% had high-risk cytogenetic RRMM. The median follow-up duration was 33.0 months (range 31.1-34.8 months). The ORR was 37.8% in the overall analysis, 32.7% in lenalidomide-refractory patients, 36.0% in patients with high-risk cytogenetics and 34.8% in RRMM patients with renal impairment. The median progression-free survival was 5.7 months (95% CI 3.7-8.8 months). The median overall survival was 24.3 months (95% CI 14.4-41.1 months). The most common grade 3 and 4 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were neutropenia (63.5%), leukopenia (37.8%), thrombocytopenia (28.4%), and anemia (31.1%). Pulmonary infection (27.0%) was the most frequent grade 3 and 4 nonhematologic TEAE. No previously unreported AEs were observed. No venous thromboembolism was reported. Conclusions Pomalidomide in combination with low-dose dexamethasone is effective and safe in Chinese RRMM patients. Trial registration The study is registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (ChiCTR-OIC-17013234, first registered on 03/11/2017). Keywords: Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma, Chinese Patients, Oral, Pomalidomide, Efficacy, Safety
To evaluate the diagnostic value of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) to test the elasticity of renal parenchyma by measuring the shear wave velocity (SWV) which might be used to detect chronic ...kidney disease (CKD).
327 healthy volunteers and 64 CKD patients were enrolled in the study. The potential influencing factors and measurement reproducibility were evaluated in the healthy volunteers. Correlations between SWV and laboratory tests were analyzed in CKD patients.?Receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic performance of ARFI.
The SWV of healthy volunteers correlated significantly to age (r = -0.22, P<0.001, n = 327) and differed significantly between men and women (2.06±0.48 m/s vs. 2.2±0.52 m/s, P = 0.018, n = 327). However, it did not correlate significantly to height, weight, body mass index, waistline, kidney dimension and the depth for SWV measurement (n = 30). Inter- and intraobserver agreement expressed as intraclass coefficient correlation were 0.64 (95% CI: 0.13 to 0.82, P = 0.011) and 0.6 (95% CI: 0.31 to 0.81, P = 0.001) (n = 40). The mean SWV in healthy volunteers was 2.15±0.51 m/s, while was 1.81±0.43 m/s, 1.79±0.29 m/s, 1.81±0.44 m/s, 1.64±0.55 m/s, and 1.36±0.17 m/s for stage 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in CKD patients respectively. The SWV was significantly higher for healthy volunteers compared with each stage in CKD patients. ARFI could not predict the different stages of CKD except stage 5. In CKD patients, SWV correlated to e-GFR (r = 0.3, P = 0.018), to urea nitrogen (r = -0.3, P = 0.016), and to creatinine (r = -0.41, P = 0.001). ROC analyses indicated that the area under the ROC curve was 0.752 (95% CI: 0.704 to 0.797) (P<0.001). The cut-off value for predicting CKD was 1.88 m/s (sensitivity 71.87% and specificity 69.69%).
ARFI may be a potentially useful tool in detecting CKD.
Macrophage infiltration is one of the main pathological features of ulcerative colitis (UC) and ferroptosis is a type of nonapoptotic cell death, connecting oxidative stress and inflammation. ...However, whether ferroptosis occurs in the colon macrophages of UC mice and whether targeting macrophage ferroptosis is an effective approach for UC treatment remain unclear. The present study revealed that macrophage lipid peroxidation was observed in the colon of UC mice. Subsequently, we screened several main components of essential oil from Artemisia argyi and found that β-caryophyllene (BCP) had a good inhibitory effect on macrophage lipid peroxidation. Additionally, ferroptotic macrophages were found to increase the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnf-α) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2), while BCP can reverse the effects of inflammation activated by ferroptosis. Further molecular mechanism studies revealed that BCP activated the type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2R) to inhibit macrophage ferroptosis and its induced inflammatory response both in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, BCP potentially ameliorated experimental colitis inflammation by inhibiting macrophage ferroptosis. These results revealed that macrophage ferroptosis is a potential therapeutic target for UC and identified a novel mechanism of BCP in ameliorating experimental colitis.
Whether the anemia increases the risk of mortality in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) remains unclear. This study aims to explore the relationship between anemia and outcomes in patients with ...AHF including subgroup analysis. This study included 3279 patients with hemoglobin available from the Beijing Acute Heart Failure Registry (Beijing AHF Registry) study. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality in 1 year, and the secondary endpoint was 1-year all-cause events including all-cause death and readmission. Logistic regression models were applied to describe related variables of anemia in patients with AHF. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models described associations of anemia with clinical outcomes in the overall cohort and subgroups. 45.4% of the patients were found anemic. They were older and had more comorbidities than non-anemic patients. Variables including older age, female, chronic kidney dysfunction (CKD), lower hematocrit, lower albumin, with loop diuretics applied, without beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors /angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEIs/ARBs) and spironolactone applied in the emergency department (ED) were associated with anemia in AHF patients. Anemic patients had higher 1-year mortality (38.4% vs. 27.2%,
p
< 0.0001) and 1-year events rates (63.2% vs. 56.7%,
p
< 0.0001). After adjusted for covariates, anemia was associated with the increase of 1-year mortality (hazard ratio HR 1.278; 95% confidence interval CI 1.114–1.465;
p
= 0.0005) and 1-year events (HR 1.136; 95% CI 1.025–1.259;
p
= 0.0154). The severer anemia patients had higher risks both of 1-year mortality and events. In the subgroup analysis, the independent associations of anemia with 1-year mortality were shown in the subgroups including age < 75 years, male, body mass index < 25 kg/m
2
and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m
2
, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I–II and NYHA functional class III–IV, with and without cardiovascular ischemia, heart rate (HR) < 100 bpm and HR ≥ 100 bpm, systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 120 mmHg and SBP ≥ 120 mmHg, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40% and LVEF ≥ 40%, serum creatinine (Scr) < 133 umol/l, and with diuretics use, with and without beta-blockers use, without ACEIs/ARBs use in the ED. Anemia is associated with older age, female, CKD, volume overload, malnutrition, with loop diuretics, without beta-blockers, ACEIs/ARBs and spironolactone administration, and higher mortality and readmission in AHF. The risk associations are particular significantly obvious in younger, male, overweight, preserved LVEF, lower Scr, with diuretics and beta-blockers, without ACEIs/ARBs administration subgroups.
Clinical trial No. ChiCTR-RIC-17014222
In most data dimensionality reduction tasks, feature selection (FS) is an essential preprocessing stage. The slime mould algorithm (SMA) is a novel metaheuristic optimization algorithm. This paper ...proposes a feature selection method for banknote dirtiness recognition based on mathematical functions driven slime mould algorithm. This method is applied to the feature selection of banknote dirtiness recognition, and the Lévy flight operator is used to replace the control parameter vc in SMA, and a series of mathematical functions are added to replace the control parameter vb in the slime mould algorithm to enhance the global search capability. Test results show that this method achieves the highest accuracy of 76.85 % in recognizing the banknote dirtiness. Additionally, by applying the same method to feature selection and recognition of dirtiness for the left middle white area images of banknotes, the highest accuracy reaches 74.99 %. This suggests that the left middle white area can essentially replace the whole banknote. To verify the performance of the proposed feature selection method, comparative tests with four other optimization algorithms are carried out, and the results demonstrate that three improvement strategies can effectively improve the performance of SMA while maintaining a balance between exploration and exploitation. Tests have revealed that these three algorithms have significant advantages over the past SMA in terms of recognition accuracy and convergence speed when it comes to identifying the dirtiness of banknotes. Therefore, this method is considered to be one of the most effective methods to solve the feature selection problem of banknote dirtiness.
Accurate prediction of dissolved oxygen (DO) dynamics is crucial for understanding the influence of environmental factors on the stability of aquatic ecosystem. However, limited research has been ...conducted to determine the optimal frequency of water quality monitoring that ensures continuous assessment of water health while minimizing costs. To address these challenges, the present study developed a hybrid stochastic hydrological model (i.e., ARIMA-GARCH hybrid model) and machine learning (ML) models. The objective of this study is to identify the best-performing model and establish the optimal monitoring frequency. Results revealed that high-frequency DO monitoring data exhibit greater variability compared to low-frequency data. Moreover, the ARIMA-GARCH model demonstrates promising potential in predicting DO concentrations for low-frequency monitoring data, surpassing ML models in performance. Furthermore, increasing the monitoring frequency significantly improves the prediction accuracy of models, regardless of whether point (with lower R2 values of 0.64 and 0.51 for daily detection than these of every 15 min (0.96 and 0.99) at CHQ and LHT, respectively) or interval predictions (with RIW higher values of 2.00 and 1.55 for daily detection higher than these of 0.02 and 0.16 in every 15 min at CHQ and LHT, respectively) are considered. Additionally, a 4 hourly monitoring frequency was found to be optimal for water quality assessment using each model. These findings identify the superior performing of the ARIMA-GARCH model and highlight the crucial role of monitoring frequency in enhancing DO prediction and improving model performance.
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•High-frequency DO data has greater variability compared to low-frequency data.•ARIMA-GARCH models demonstrate more accurate predictions for low-frequency data.•High-frequency data enhances the potential for point and interval prediction.•Monitoring DO at a frequency of every 4 h in karst area provides optimal results.
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