Though rainfall is recognized as one of the main mechanisms to reduce atmospheric particulate pollution, few studies have quantified this effect, particularly the corresponding lag effect and ...threshold. This study aimed to investigate the association between rainfall and air quality using a distributed lag non-linear model. Daily data on ambient PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm and from 2.5 to 10 μm) and meteorological factors were collected in Guangzhou and Xi'an from 2013 to 2014. A better washout effect was found for PM2.5–10 than for PM2.5, and the rainfall thresholds for both particle fractions were 7 mm in Guangzhou and 1 mm in Xi'an. The decrease in PM2.5 levels following rain lasted for 3 and 6 days in Guangzhou and Xi'an, respectively. Rainfall had a better washout effect in Xi'an compared with that in Guangzhou. Findings from this study contribute to a better understanding of the washout effects of rainfall on particulate pollution, which may help to understand the category and sustainability of dust-haze and enforce anthropogenic control measures in time.
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•Relative effect is an approach that links washout effect to precipitation amount.•Particle size plays an important role in washout effect of rainfall.•The threshold is helpful in discriminating whether rainfall can improve air quality.•The lag period lengths determine the improvement of air quality following rain.•Restricted by relative effect, the washout effect to particles is limited.
Washout effects and lag effects of rainfall on daily PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 were calculated and air quality improvement were evaluated.
Prior work has shown that subject types affected the production of copula BE in young children who spoke General American English (GAE). However, the role of predicate types on the production of ...copula BE remains unclear. This study examined how predicate types affected the production of copula "
" in young GAE-speaking children.
Seventeen 2-year-old children with typical language development who spoke GAE were included in this study. Children's production rate of copula "
" in sentences with nominal (e.g.,
), permanent-adjectival (e.g.,
), temporary-adjectival (e.g.,
), or locative (e.g.,
) predicates was examined using an elicited repetition task.
Two-year-old children who spoke GAE were more likely to repeat copula "
" correctly with nominal, permanent-adjectival, and temporary-adjectival predicates than with locative predicates after sentence length was controlled. There were no other significant differences between predicate types.
Overall, locative predicates are the least facilitative for the production of copula "
" as compared to other predicate types. Predicate types, especially locative predicates, should be considered when the clinician creates sentences to evaluate the production of copula BE and to provide intervention for GAE-speaking children.
https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22630726.
Comprehensive Summary
Herein, a DMAP‐catalyzed 4+2 annulation of α‐substituted allenoates with arylazosulfones is reported, which affords facile access to tetrahydropyridazine derivative in ...synthetically useful yields. This reaction features mild conditions and good functional group tolerance. Moreover, the resultant products can be readily transformed into pyridazin‐3‐one derivatives in the presence of DDQ.
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of high dietary lipid levels on growth, metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and immune responses of largemouth bass. Fish (initial body weight ...13.38 ± 0.11 g) were fed three isonitrogenous semi-purified diets containing 5%, 10%, and 20% lipid, respectively. The results indicated that fish fed 10% lipid diet showed significantly better final body weight, specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with that fed 5% lipid diet. Meanwhile, fish fed 20% lipid diet had a significantly higher viscera ratio (VR), hepatosomatic index (HSI), intraperitoneal fat ratio (IPF), and liver lipid content than those fed the other diets. Higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) contents, and LDL-C/HDL-C value in plasma were recorded in fish fed 20% lipid diet, while higher insulin contents were obtained in fish fed 5% lipid diet. In addition, the highest carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activities in the liver were also observed in fish fed 20% lipid diet. However, fish fed 20% lipid diet had a significantly lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and higher MDA contents in liver than those fed the other diets. The higher nitric oxide (NO) contents and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity in liver were recorded in fish fed 10% lipid diet. Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and lysozyme activities, and nitric oxide (NO) contents in plasma were higher in fish fed the 10% diets than the other groups. In conclusion, high dietary lipid levels could suppress growth performance and liver anti-oxidative capacity, and reduce immune responses of largemouth bass
.
▶ Multiwavelet is superior to scalar wavelet for EEG signal analysis. ▶ Approximate entropy based on multiwavelet represents the characteristic of EEGs. ▶ Artificial neural network is used as a ...classifier for EEGs discrimination.
Epilepsy is the most prevalent neurological disorder in humans after stroke. Recurrent seizure is the main characteristic of the epilepsy. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the recording of brain electrical activity and it contains valuable information related to the different physiological states of the brain. Thus, EEG is considered an indispensable tool for diagnosing epilepsy in clinic applications. Since epileptic seizures occur irregularly and unpredictably, automatic seizure detection in EEG recordings is highly required. Multiwavelets, which contain several scaling and wavelet functions, offer orthogonality, symmetry and short support simultaneously, which is not possible for scalar wavelet. With these properties, recently multiwavelets have become promising in signal processing applications. Approximate entropy is a measure that quantifies the complexity or irregularity of the signal. This paper presents a novel method for automatic epileptic seizure detection, which uses approximate entropy features derived from multiwavelet transform and combines with an artificial neural network to classify the EEG signals regarding the existence or absence of seizure. To the best knowledge of the authors, there exists no similar work in the literature. A well-known public dataset was used to evaluate the proposed method. The high accuracy obtained for two different classification problems verified the success of the method.
•The stable geometry structures of α-Se2Te and α-SeTe2 are determined.•The high carrier mobilities up to 5.4×103 cm2V−1s−1 are revealed.•Band gaps and band structures varying with biaxial strain are ...investigated.•The high optical absorption coefficients in the range of visible light are found.
Based on the first-principles calculations, we confirm the geometry and electronic structures of two binary group-VI compounds: monolayer α-Se2Te and α-SeTe2. The stabilities are confirmed by the cohesive energies, phonon dispersions, and elastic constants. The mechanical properties, strain-stress relationships, and strain-dependent variations of band gaps and band structures are investigated detailed. Furthermore, the high carrier mobilities (up to 5.4×103 cm2V−1s−1) and optical absorption coefficients (several 105 cm−1) are also exhibited, demonstrating the great application potentials in optoelectronics.
Eleven monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, including three new ones, tabercrassines A-C (
-
), were isolated from the seeds of
. Tabercrassine A (
) is an ibogan-ibogan-type bisindole alkaloid which is ...formed by the polymerization of two classic ibogan-type monomers through a C3 unit aliphatic chain. Their structures were established by extensive analysis of HRESIMS, NMR, and ECD spectra. Cellular assays showed that alkaloids
-
all reduce A
42 production and inhibit phospho-tau (Thr217), a new biomarker of Alzheimer's disease AD associated with BACE1-, NCSTN-, GSK3β-, and CDK5-mediated pathways, suggesting these alkaloids' potential against AD.
Bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Early identification of patients at highest risk is very ...important. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and mortality of K. pneumoniae BSI and to identify risk factors associated with CRKP BSI among paediatric patients.
From January 2011 to December 2014, a retrospective case-control study was conducted at Beijing Children's Hospital, China. Risk factors for CRKP BSI and for K. pneumoniae BSI-related death were evaluated. Patients with BSI caused by K. pneumoniae were identified from the microbiology laboratory database. Data regarding demographic, microbiological and clinical characteristics, therapy and outcome were collected from the medical records.
A total of 138 patients with K. pneumoniae BSI were enrolled, including 54 patients with CRKP BSI and 84 patients with carbapenem-susceptible K. pneumoniae (CSKP) BSI. Most of the BSI (114; 82.6%) were healthcare-associated, while the rest (24; 17.4%) were community-acquired. Hematologic malignancies (odds ratio (OR):4.712, 95% CI: 2.181-10.180, P < 0.001) and previous cephalosporin administration (OR: 3.427, 95% CI: 1.513-7.766, P = 0.003) were found to be associated with the development of CRKP BSI. 28-day mortality of K. pneumoniae BSI was 8.7%. Mechanical ventilation (OR:9.502, 95% CI: 2.098-43.033, P = 0.003), septic shock (OR:6.418, 95% CI: 1.342-30.686, P = 0.020), and isolation of CRKP (OR:9.171, 95% CI: 1.546-54.416, P = 0.015) were independent risk factors for 28-day mortality of K. pneumoniae BSI.
Hematologic malignancies and previous cephalosporin administration were associated with the development of CRKP BSI, while mechanical ventilation, septic shock and CRKP infection were independent mortality predictors for K. pneumoniae BSI. More attention should be paid to CRKP BSI in the paediatric population.
A new image encryption scheme based on DNA sequence addition operation and chaos is presented. First, a DNA sequence matrix is obtained by encoding the original image, then, divide the DNA sequence ...matrix into some equal blocks and use the DNA sequence addition operation to add these blocks. Next, perform the DNA sequence complement operation to the result of the added matrix by using two Logistic maps. Finally, decode the DNA sequence matrix from the third step, and we can get the encrypted image. The simulation experimental results and security analysis show that our scheme not only can achieve good encryption, but can also resist exhaustive attack, statistical attack and differential attack.
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