Fe2TiO5 was synthesized via the solvothermal method and adopted as co-catalyst to improve the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performance of BiVO4 photoanode. After surface modification by ...Fe2TiO5, the BiVO4/Fe2TiO5 photoanode shows a 300 mV cathodic shift in onset potential and 3 times enhancement in photocurrent, which delivers a photocurrent density of 3.2 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs reverse hydrogen electrode. Systematic optical, electrochemical, and intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy characterizations were performed to explore the role of Fe2TiO5 and reveal that the enhanced PEC performance is mainly caused by the surface passivation effect of Fe2TiO5.
The information age usually relates to the computer age or the digital age. With the rapid development of computer (digital) technology, the online game industry is also growing and expanding, which ...can be regarded as to be changing with each passing day. The development of online games not only fully reflects people's skillful application of computer technology and network technology, but also clearly reflects the new challenges brought by the rapid advance of information technology to the traditional intellectual property legal system. The purpose of this paper is to interpret the core parts of online games, namely, the copyright issues involved in game engine and game resource library, through in-depth analysis of typical cases, and on this basis, to explore the copyright protection methods of online games in line with China's national conditions under the background of information age, and to open a new chapter in the research of copyright protection of online games in China under the background of information age.
Highly accurate measurements of infrared systems cannot be achieved without precise radiometric calibrations. In order to correctly interpret and process infrared images and monitor the performance ...of infrared cameras, their radiometric calibration is also required periodically. In this paper, an equivalent calibration method is proposed based on an internal blackbody baffle. It is used for the replacement of a large surface-source blackbody covering the aperture for the field calibration of large-aperture equipment. Subsequently, the expressions of the equivalent calibration conversion function (ECCF) are derived based on the grayscale response of the camera and the calibration models of the two methods, and experimental measurements and fits are performed using a cooled mid-wave infrared camera. The results show that the measured functional form is consistent with the physical meaning. Moreover, in the target imaging experiments, the results of the inversion using the equivalent calibration conversion function and the results of the direct calibration of the external blackbody are largely consistent with the average error of 0.198% between the two, and the maximum error is within 1%. The maximum error between the inversion result of radiation brightness and the actual value of the target is 6.29%, and the accuracy fully meets the radiometric measurement requirements.
Upper Amu Darya (UAD).
The UAD has abundant hydropower potential (HP). This study focuses on the potential sites of small hydropower stations (sHPs) and explores the impact of future climate change ...on discharge and HP.
The conflict between water resources and hydropower in Central Asia is a key issue affecting regional development. Developing sHPs provides a new direction for alleviating energy shortages in Central Asia. Combining the hydrological model with the geographic information decision-making method, we have determined the potential sites for ten sHPs in the UAD and calculated the HP for each station. Based on future climate data from two shared socioeconomic pathways and four global climate models, we found that future precipitation and temperature are projected to increase, with precipitation increasing mainly in spring and winter. The average discharge will increase by 19.1∼36.6% in the near-term (2031–2050) and by 29.7∼106.8% in the long-term (2071–2090). In addition, climate change has significantly increased HP in winter, and the increase of HP in relatively high altitudes is higher than that in low altitudes. This implies that the HP development prospect of UAD is broad in future, but for sHPs construction schemes, it is necessary to further consider the impact on both environment and society.
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•Ten potential sites for small hydropower stations have been identified.•The discharge will increase by 19.1–36.6% in 2031–2050 and 29.7–106.8% in 2071–2090.•Future climate change will significantly increase hydropower potential in winter.•The peak flow will increase in relatively low altitudes, and the base flow will increase in relatively high altitudes.
Lake Qinghai has shrunk and then expanded over the past few decades. Quantifying the contributions of climate change and human activities to lake variation is important for water resource management ...and adaptation to climate change. In this study, we calculated the water volume change of Lake Qinghai, analyzed the climate and land use changes in Lake Qinghai catchment, and distinguished the contributions of climate change and local human activities to water volume change. The results showed that lake water volume decreased by 9.48 km3 from 1975 to 2004 and increased by 15.18 km3 from 2005 to 2020. The climate in Lake Qinghai catchment is becoming warmer and more pluvial, and the changes in land use have been minimal. Based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), land use change, climate change and interaction effect of them contributed to 7.46%, 93.13% and −0.59%, respectively, on the variation in surface runoff into the lake. From the perspective of the water balance, we calculated the proportion of each component flowing into and out of the lake and found that the contribution of climate change to lake water volume change was 97.55%, while the local human activities contribution was only 2.45%. Thus, climate change had the dominant impact on water volume change in Lake Qinghai.
A theoretical investigation of hydroxide ion transport mechanism in quaternary ammonium functionalized polystyrene (QAPS) anion exchange membrane (AEM) was studied by density functional theory (DFT). ...The results showed that there were two steps for OH− transferring through QAPS-AEM. The first step was the movement of OH− in water channel, which was induced by frequently forming and breaking of hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) between H2O and OH−. The second step was that OH− transferred across the quaternary ammonium (QA) groups by following the rotation about CC single bond, which was the rate-determining step for OH− transferring in QAPS-AEM. We presented that the ionic groups on the side chain of polymer with smaller space steric should provide higher ion conductivity due to their lower rotation energy barriers.
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•The OH− transport mechanism in quaternary ammonium functionalized polystyrene was studied by DFT.•There were two steps in the OH− transport process in anion exchange membrane.•The role of hydrogen bonding was investigated by DFT.•The rotation about ionic groups was studied in detail during OH− transport.
To assess the value of pleural effusion volume (PEV) quantified on chest computed tomography (CT) in patients with early stage acute pancreatitis (AP).
Data of PEV, and C-reactive protein (CRP) ...levels as well as Ranson, bedside index of severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP), Marshall, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II), CT severity index (CTSI), and extra-pancreatic inflammation on computed tomography (EPIC) scores in patients with AP were collected. Duration of hospitalization, severity of AP, infection, procedure, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, organ failure, or death were included as the outcome parameters.
In 465 patients, the mean PEV was 98.8 ± 113.2 mL. PEV showed strong and significant correlations with the CRP levels, duration of hospitalization as well as the Ranson, BISAP, Marshall, APACHE II, CTSI, and EPIC scores (p < .05). PEV demonstrated significant accuracy in predicting severity, infection, procedure, ICU admission, organ failure, and death (p < .05).
PEV quantified on chest CT positively associated with the duration of hospitalization, CRP levels, Ranson, BISAP, Marshall, APACHE II, CTSI, and EPIC scores. It can be a reliable radiologic biomarker in predicting severity and clinical outcomes of AP.
KEY MESSAGES
Pleural effusion is a common chest finding in patients with acute pancreatitis.
Pleural effusion volume quantified on chest CT examination positively associated with the duration of hospitalization, CRP level, as well as Ranson, BISAP, Marshall, APACHE II, CTSI, and EPIC scoring systems.
Pleural effusion volume can be a reliable radiologic biomarker in the prediction of severity and clinical outcomes of acute pancreatitis.
Aims/Introduction
Given that mutations related to maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (MODY) are rarely found in Chinese populations, we aim to characterize the mutation spectrum of MODY pedigrees.
...Materials and Methods
Maturity‐onset diabetes of the young candidate gene‐ or exome‐targeted capture sequencing was carried out in 76 probands from unrelated families fulfilling the clinical diagnostic criteria for MODY. MAF <0.01 in the GnomAD or ExAC database was used to filter significant variants. Sanger sequencing was then carried out to validate findings. Function prediction by SIFT, PolyPhen‐2 and PROVEAN or CADD was carried out in missense mutations.
Results
A total of 32 mutations in six genes were identified in 31 families, accounting for 40.79% of the potential MODY families. The MODY subtype detection rate was 18.42% for GCK, 15.79% for HNF1A, 2.63% for HNF4A, and 1.32% for KLF11, PAX4 and NEUROG3. Seven nonsense/frameshift mutations and four missense mutations with damaging prediction were newly identified novel mutations. The clinical features of MODY2, MODY3/1 and MODYX are similar to previous reports. Clinical phenotype of NEUROG3 p.Arg55Glufs*23 is characterized by hyperglycemia and mild intermittent abdominal pain.
Conclusions
This study adds to the emerging pattern of MODY epidemiology that the proportion of MODY explained by known pathogenic genes is higher than that previously reported, and found NEUROG3 as a new causative gene for MODY.
Flow chart of the procedures for screening of MODY mutations.
As underwater disturbances (natural or artificial) occur in the ocean, moving seawater crossing the geomagnetic fields will produce weak circular currents. These currents can induce measurable ...magnetic fields, which might be useful for monitoring ocean internal waves using aeromagnetic survey. In this research, a spectral-element method (SEM) based on Gauss–Lobatto–Legendre (GLL) polynomials is presented to characterize the magnetic field induced by the underwater pressure waves. A concise mathematical model is established through combining the acoustic wave equations and Maxwell’s equations. Specifically, the acoustic–magnetic coupling simulation adopts the nodal-based SEM for acoustic analysis and edge-based SEM for electromagnetic analysis. The proposed SEM has spectral accuracy, as the error exponentially decreases with the order of the basis functions. Additionally, by adopting an independent modeling and mesh scheme in two solvers, respectively, the waste of computing resources is avoided. The experimental analysis demonstrates that the induced magnetic fields mechanically propagate with the acoustic wave, producing the pseudo-radiation phenomenon. The signals of these magnetic fields may extend for tens of kilometers and exist for hours under certain circumstances, which provide a theoretical basis for underwater target identification via high-sensitivity atomic magnetometer.
damages plants directly through sucking plant sap and indirectly as a vector of rice stripe virus (RSV), resulting in serious losses of rice yield. It is one of the most destructive insects of rice ...in East Asia. Insecticides are primarily used for pest management, but the sublethal concentrations of insecticides may benefit several insects. The present research attempted to explore the effects of sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid on the fecundity, apoptosis and RSV transmission in the viruliferous SBPH. The results showed that the fecundity of SBPH was significantly increased after treatment with the LC
dose of imidacloprid, while the LC
dose of imidacloprid reduced the fecundity compared with the control. To further investigate the underlying mechanism of increased fecundity after exposure to the LC
dose of imidacloprid, we examined the expression levels of vitellogenin (
),
receptor (
) and caspases in the ovaries of SBPH, and observed the apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT)-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL). qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression levels of
,
and four caspase genes were all significantly increased by the LC
dose of imidacloprid, and TUNEL assays suggested that the frequency of apoptosis was significantly higher in the SBPH treated by the LC
dose of imidacloprid, suggesting a potential correlation between the increased fecundity and the apoptosis of SBPH ovarioles. Additionally, the expression levels of
and capsid protein (
) were both increased significantly by the LC
dose of imidacloprid, whereas were decreased by the LC
dose of imidacloprid compared to the control. Therefore, this study clarifies the mechanisms of sublethal effects of imidacloprid on viruliferous SBPH and could be used to optimize pest control strategies.
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