We perform a semi-automated search for strong gravitational lensing systems in the 9000 deg2 Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey (DECaLS), part of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Legacy Imaging ...Surveys. The combination of the depth and breadth of these surveys are unparalleled at this time, making them particularly suitable for discovering new strong gravitational lensing systems. We adopt the deep residual neural network architecture developed by Lanusse et al. for the purpose of finding strong lenses in photometric surveys. We compile a training sample that consists of known lensing systems in the Legacy Surveys and the Dark Energy Survey as well as non-lenses in the footprint of DECaLS. In this paper we show the results of applying our trained neural network to the cutout images centered on galaxies typed as ellipticals in DECaLS. The images that receive the highest scores (probabilities) are visually inspected and ranked. Here we present 335 candidate strong lensing systems, identified for the first time.
In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) was used to construct the predicted models of linear, quadratic and interactive effects of two independent ...variables viz. salicylic acid (SA) and chitosan (CS) for the production of amarogentin (I), swertiamarin (II) and mangiferin (III) from shoot cultures of Swertia paniculata Wall. These compounds are the major therapeutic metabolites in the Swertia plant, which have significant role and demand in the pharmaceutical industries.
Present study highlighted that different concentrations of SA and CS elicitors substantially influenced the % yield of (I), (II) and (III) compounds in the shoot culture established on modified ½ MS medium (supplemented with 2.22 mM each of BA and KN and 2.54 mM NAA). In RSM, different response variables with linear, quadratic and 2 way interaction model were computed with five-factor-three level full factorial CCD. In ANN modelling, 13 runs of CCD matrix was divided into 3 subsets, with approximate 8:1:1 ratios to train, validate and test. The optimal enhancement of (I) (0.435%), (II) (4.987%) and (III) (4.357%) production was achieved in 14 days treatment in shoot cultures of S. paniculata elicited by 9 mM and 12 mg L
concentrations (SA) and (CS).
In optimization study, (I) show 0.170-0.435%; (II) display 1.020-4.987% and (III) upto 2.550-4.357% disparity with varied range of SA (1-20 mM) and CS (1-20 mg L
). Overall, optimization of elicitors to promote secoiridoid and xanthone glycoside production with ANN modeling (r
= 100%) offered more significant results as compared to RSM (r
= 99.8%).
For carrying out glacier change analysis in Chandra basin, Western Himalaya, India during 1971-2016, glacier inventory is generated for year 2002 using Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ (ETM+) and ...Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Model Version 2 (GDEM V2) data. Total 395 glaciers are mapped covering 703.3 ± 20.4 km
2
area with minimum glacier size being >0.02 km
2
. Out of these, 59 glaciers have debris-covered ice covering an area of 67.2 ± 1.9 km
2
. In this study, a subset of 169 glaciers is used for glacier area change analysis using Corona KH-4B (1971), Landsat ETM+ (2002) and Sentinel-2 (2016) images due to the availability of cloud free data sources. In 1971, 639.4 ± 5.8 km
2
glacier area is estimated which decreased to 620.2 ± 18.0 km
2
(-3.0 ± 3.0%) in 2002 and 608.1 ± 10.3 km
2
(-4.9 ± 1.9%) in 2016. The change in glacier length of Samudra Tapu and Gepang Gath glaciers is showing increasing trend since last two decades as compared to Hamtah, Chhota Shigri and Bara Shigri glaciers due to presence of pro-glacial lake at their snout. Clean-ice glaciers, glaciers with low mean elevation, glaciers having steep surface, glaciers with west to south and east to south orientation, small size glaciers and glaciers having pro-glacial lake at the snout are responsible to higher loss in glacier area. Statistical trend analysis using Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator test show that Asian Precipitation-Highly-Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation (APHRODITE) based annual mean temperature have rising trend at a rate of 0.02°C per year during 1961-2015, and can be ascribed as one of the factors for glacier shrinking.
In this letter, we propose a dielectric modulated double-gate tunnel field-effect transistor (DG-TFET)-based sensor for low power consumption label-free biomolecule detection applications. A ...nanogap-embedded FET-based biosensor has already been demonstrated experimentally, but a TFET-based biosensor has not been demonstrated earlier. Thus, a concept of TFET-based sensor is presented by analytical and simulation-based study. The results indicate better sensitivity toward two different effects (dielectric constant and charge of biomolecule) in comparison with a FET-based biosensor, and the additional advantages of CMOS compatibility, low leakage (low static power dissipation), and steep subthreshold slope make TFET an attractive alternative architecture for CMOS-based sensor applications.
The aim of this study was to determine the fractal dimension (FD) and radiomorphometric indices (RMIs) in the mandible from orthopantomographic radiographs in patients with oral lesions associated ...with smokeless/smoking tobacco (SLT/ST) and areca nut habits in a North Indian cohort.
A prospective, cross-sectional, observational pilot study was conducted of 120 subjects, including controls and 3 study groups of 30 patients each with oral submucous fibrosis, tobacco pouch keratosis, and oral leukoplakia (OL). Two observers calculated FD and the RMIs of mandibular cortical thickness (MCT), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), and mandibular cortical index (MCI).
Mean FD was significantly reduced compared to controls with all oral lesions (P < .05) and with all habits in 3 of 4 regions of interest (P < .05). MCT was significantly reduced with OL (P < .005) and in ST users (P < .05). PMI did not differ regarding lesion status or habits. Compared to the controls, MCI C2 type was significantly more common in all oral lesions (P ≤ .005) and all types of habit (P < .005). Inter- and intraobserver agreement was strong to excellent.
FD and RMI values were significantly altered compared to controls in oral lesions associated with tobacco and areca nut habits and in the dominant type of habit.
Summary
‘Enhanced recovery after surgery’ protocols implement a series of peri‐operative interventions intended to improve recovery after major operations, one aspect of which is fluid management. ...The pre‐operative goal is to prepare a hydrated, euvolaemic patient by avoiding routine mechanical bowel preparation and by encouraging patients to drink clear liquids up to two hours before induction of anaesthesia. The intra‐operative goal is to achieve a ‘zero’ fluid balance at the end of uncomplicated surgery: goal‐directed fluid therapy is recommended for poorly prepared or sick patients or those undergoing more complex surgery. The postoperative goal is eating and drinking without intravenous fluid infusions. Postoperative oliguria should be expected and accepted, as urine output does not indicate overall fluid status.
We investigate the off-limb active-region and quiet-Sun corona using spectroscopic data. The active region is clearly visible in several spectral lines formed in the temperature range of 1.1-2.8 MK. ...We derive the electron number density using the line ratio method, and the nonthermal velocity in the off-limb region up to the distance of 140 Mm. We compare density scale heights derived from several spectral line pairs with expected scale heights per the hydrostatic equilibrium model. Using several isolated and unblended spectral line profiles, we estimate nonthermal velocities in the active region and quiet Sun. Nonthermal velocities obtained from warm lines in the active region first show an increase and then later either a decrease or remain almost constant with height in the far off-limb region, whereas nonthermal velocities obtained from hot lines show consistent decrease. However, in the quiet-Sun region, nonthermal velocities obtained from various spectral lines show either a gradual decrease or remain almost constant with height. Using these obtained parameters, we further calculate Alfvén wave energy flux in both active and quiet-Sun regions. We find a significant decrease in wave energy fluxes with height, and hence provide evidence of Alfvén wave damping. Furthermore, we derive damping lengths of Alfvén waves in the both regions and find them to be in the range of 25-170 Mm. Different damping lengths obtained at different temperatures may be explained as either possible temperature-dependent damping or by measurements obtained in different coronal structures formed at different temperatures along the line of sight. Temperature-dependent damping may suggest some role of thermal conduction in the damping of Alfvén waves in the lower corona.
Abstract
Unconventional superconductors often feature competing orders, small superfluid density, and nodal electronic pairing. While unusual superconductivity has been proposed in the kagome metals
...A
V
3
Sb
5
, key spectroscopic evidence has remained elusive. Here we utilize pressure-tuned and ultra-low temperature muon spin spectroscopy to uncover the unconventional nature of superconductivity in RbV
3
Sb
5
and KV
3
Sb
5
. At ambient pressure, we observed time-reversal symmetry breaking charge order below
$${T}_{{{\rm{1}}}^{*}\simeq$$
T
1
*
≃
110 K in RbV
3
Sb
5
with an additional transition at
$${T}_{{{\rm{2}}}^{*}\simeq$$
T
2
*
≃
50 K. Remarkably, the superconducting state displays a nodal energy gap and a reduced superfluid density, which can be attributed to the competition with the charge order. Upon applying pressure, the charge-order transitions are suppressed, the superfluid density increases, and the superconducting state progressively evolves from nodal to nodeless. Once optimal superconductivity is achieved, we find a superconducting pairing state that is not only fully gapped, but also spontaneously breaks time-reversal symmetry. Our results point to unprecedented tunable nodal kagome superconductivity competing with time-reversal symmetry-breaking charge order and offer unique insights into the nature of the pairing state.
•Biodiesel was synthesized from WCO using CaDG catalyst in presence of ultrasound.•Biodiesel yield 93.5% in 30min using 1% catalyst, 9:1 methanol/oil and 60°C temp.•Biodiesel produced from ultrasound ...has shown superior properties than conventional.•Ultrasonic method was found more energy efficient than conventional stirring method.
This work illustrates ultrasound assisted synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using calcium diglyceroxide as a heterogeneous base catalyst. The effect of different variables such as methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst loading, reaction temperature, ultrasonic power and duty cycle on the progress of the reaction was studied. Under the optimal reaction conditions viz. methanol to oil molar ratio 9:1, catalyst loading of 1% (w/w) of waste cooking oil, temperature 60°C, low intensity ultrasonic power of 120W and 50% duty cycle, a maximum biodiesel yield of 93.5% was obtained. On the other hand, a conventional stirring method showed 65.6% yield for the similar reaction time of 30min. It has been observed that the ultrasonic method was effective in terms of mass transfer, energy efficiency (1.083×10−4g/J), biodiesel yield and time reduction. The reusability of the catalyst under the optimal reaction conditions resulted in a decrease in the biodiesel yield. The kinetic studies of transesterification reaction have been carried out at different operating temperatures. The results revealed that the reaction followed second-order kinetics and the activation energy was found to be 119.23kJ/mole. The biodiesel synthesized from the ultrasonic method has shown superior properties as compared to conventional method and also matched with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards.
In this paper, an extensive study on the intermodulation distortion and the linearity of gate-material-engineered cylindrical-gate MOSFET (GME CGT MOSFET) has been done, and the influence of ...technology variations such as channel length and gate material workfunction variations is explored using an ATLAS 3-D device simulator. The simulation results reveal that the GME CGT MOSFET design displays a significant enhancement in the device's linearity and intermodulation distortion performance in terms of the figure-of-merit metrics VIP2, VIP3, IIP3, and IMD3 and the higher order transconductance coefficients gm 1, gm 2, and gm 3. The results are, thus, useful for optimizing the device bias point for RFIC design with higher efficiency and better linearity performance.
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