Abstract
Bacteriophages have emerged as effective antimicrobial agents in combating pathogenic bacteria. To successfully apply phages in real‐life scenarios, it is crucial to optimize their ...large‐scale production, concentration and purification processes. In this study, our objective was to optimize the phage concentration parameters with a high recovery rate within a shorter time and minimum chemical consumption. We isolated and characterized a specific
Erwinia amylovora
phage. Subsequently, we employed response surface methodology (RSM) combined with a three‐factor central composite design to optimize the phage recovery. The factors considered were polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentration, NaCl concentration and incubation time. The optimized values for PEG, NaCl and incubation time, which resulted in a maximum recovery rate of 85.37%, were determined as 18%, 2.38 M and 0 h, respectively. This finding indicates that the concentration step, which traditionally took up to 18 h with a recovery rate of 65%, can now be accomplished in a significantly shorter time with an improved recovery rate. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of RSM to identify the optimum conditions for phage precipitation. This approach allows for the rapid and efficient design of precipitation protocols tailored to specific bacteriophages, resulting in shorter processing times and higher recovery rates.
Bacteriophages have emerged as effective antimicrobial agents in combating pathogenic bacteria. To successfully apply phages in real‐life scenarios, it is crucial to optimize their large‐scale ...production, concentration and purification processes. In this study, our objective was to optimize the phage concentration parameters with a high recovery rate within a shorter time and minimum chemical consumption. We isolated and characterized a specific Erwinia amylovora phage. Subsequently, we employed response surface methodology (RSM) combined with a three‐factor central composite design to optimize the phage recovery. The factors considered were polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentration, NaCl concentration and incubation time. The optimized values for PEG, NaCl and incubation time, which resulted in a maximum recovery rate of 85.37%, were determined as 18%, 2.38 M and 0 h, respectively. This finding indicates that the concentration step, which traditionally took up to 18 h with a recovery rate of 65%, can now be accomplished in a significantly shorter time with an improved recovery rate. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of RSM to identify the optimum conditions for phage precipitation. This approach allows for the rapid and efficient design of precipitation protocols tailored to specific bacteriophages, resulting in shorter processing times and higher recovery rates.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a phage cocktail against
Pseudomonas fluorescens
group and its effect on the microbial, physical and chemical properties of raw ...milk during different storage conditions. A phage cocktail consisting of
Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas tolaasii
, and
Pseudomonas libanensis
phages was prepared. As a result, reductions in fluorescent
Pseudomonas
counts of up to 3.44 log units for the storage at 4 °C and 2.38 log units for the storage at 25 °C were achieved. Following the phage application, it is found that there was no significant difference in the total mesophilic aerobic bacteria and
Enterobacteriaceae
counts. However, it was observed that the number of lactic acid bacteria was higher in phage-treated groups. The results also showed that pH values in the phage added groups were lower than the others and the highest titratable acidity was obtained only in the bacteria-inoculated group. As a future perspective, this study suggests that, while keeping the number of target microorganisms under control in the milk with the use of phages during storage, the microbiota and accordingly the quality parameters of the milk can be affected. This work contributes to the development of effective strategies for maintaining the quality and extending the shelf life of milk and dairy products.
Toplumsal değişim ve dönüşüm süreçlerinde, ‘kadın’ın sosyal hayat içindeki konumu, şüphesiz ki söz konusu dönemin panoramik okumasını yapmaya yaradığı kadar toplumu oluşturan fertlerin zihin ...dünyasına, toplumsal rol ve yaklaşımlara ilişkin fikir vermektedir. Dolayısıyla denilebilir ki ‘kadın’, içinde yaşadığı toplumun bir aktörü olduğu gibi yine aynı yapının sosyal dokusunu yansıtan aynasıdır. Dahası ‘kadın’, toplumsal dönüşüm süreçlerinin meydana getirdiği sosyal etkileşim örgüsünde sahip olduğu ‘kimlik’ etrafında bir takım sembolik öğeler taşır. Bu öğeler, salt kişisel bilgiler değildir; bilakis tarihî, sosyolojik ve psikolojik anlamda karakteristik özellikler ihtiva etmektedir. Bu çalışmada 1980’li yılların Türkiye’sinde vukû bulan siyasal olaylar gölgesinde 12 Eylül Darbesi’ni konu alan Alev Alatlı’nın İşkenceci isimli edebiyat eserinden yola çıkılarak ‘kadın’ olgusu etrafında roman kurgusunun tarihsel gerçeklikle ne denli örtüştüğü irdelenerek dönemin sosyolojik panoraması çizilecektir. Sınıf farklılıkları, etnik ve kültürel kimlikler, ideolojik öğretiler, feminist yaklaşımlar ve Doğu-Batı sorunsalı etrafında vücut bulan gelenekçilikle modernlik etrafında değişim ve dönüşüm yaşayan ‘kadın’ olgusunun toplumsal yaşam içindeki seyri, ‘kimlik, mahremiyet, yabancılaşma ve feminist duyarlılık’ öğeleri açısından ele alınacaktır.
The position of ‘woman’ in social life undoubtedly gives us insight into the world of the mind and social roles and approaches of the individuals who make up the society, as well as providing panoramic reading of the time in the process of social change and transformation. Therefore, it can be said that ‘woman’ is both actor of the society she lives in and she reflects the social texture of the same structure. Moreover, the ‘woman’ carries a number of symbolic elements around her ‘identity’ in the social interaction created by social transformation processes. These items are not just personal information; but also, they include historical, sociological and psychological features. This study analyzes the political events in the 1980s in Turkey under the shadow of the September 12 Coup D'état, from the literary work named İşkence which gives the sociological panorama of the period by examining the extent to which the novel fiction coincides with the historical reality around ‘woman’. The changes and the transformation of ‘woman’ subject in social life will be discussed around “identity, privacy, alienation and feminist sensitivity” under the influences of class differences, ethnic and cultural identities, ideological doctrines, feminist approaches, traditionalism and modernism around the East-West dichatomy.
Abstract only
This project aimed to investigate the role of COMP‐ADAMTS and aggrecanase‐ADAMTS which are responsible for the destruction of cartilage in the ADAMTS (
a disintegrin and ...metalloproteinase with trombospondin motifs
) genes that are suspected to play role in the genetic etiology of the osteoarthritis (OA) which is the most common joint disease.
88 patients aged between 40–75 years, with the diagnosis of primary knee OA (according to American College of Rheumatology criteria for knee OA) and 88 healthy volunteers aged between 40–75 years, without OA enrolled in the study. Exclusion criteria include, previous knee surgery (total knee prosthesis etc.), inflammatory rheumatic diseases, secondary OA and malignancies. Radiologic staging of the participants is done, pain and functional status are assessed by visual analogue scale, WOMAC, Lequesne index. Blood samples obtained from the participants analyzed for ADAMTS gene family by ELISA and RT‐PCR.
Blood samples obtained from the participants analyzed for ADAMTS ‐1,‐4,‐5,‐7,‐8,‐9,‐12,‐15,‐16 ve ‐18 genes by ELISA. Compared OD levels determined by ELISA reader of groups, OD level of ADAMTS‐4,‐8,‐9 and ‐18 was determined significantly high in the patient group compared to the control group. When examined the patients splitting (dividing) into two groups as early–advanced OA, results of ADAMTS‐4,‐5,‐8,‐9,‐15 ve ‐16 according to control group in early OA group, results of ADAMTS‐15 and ‐16 according to advanced OA group in early OA group and results of ADAMTS‐8, ‐9 and ‐18 according to control group in advanced OA group was seen significantly high.
Statistical evaluation of RT‐PCR results showed that ADAMTS‐4,‐9 and ‐18 expressions are significantly decreased in the patient group compared to the control group, ADAMTS‐8 expression is not low enough to be meaningful statistically and there isn't any enough difference between two groups in ADAMTS‐5 expression level.
Consequently; we observed that in the early stages ADAMTS‐4, ‐5, ‐15 and ‐16, in advanced stages ADAMTS may be the main aggrecanase responsible for the destruction of cartilage in human knee OA. ADAMTS‐8 and ‐9 were determined to play a role in both early and advanced stages of cartilage destruction in OA. We have seen that ADAMTS‐1, ‐7 and ‐12 were not playing an important role in the pathogenesis of OA.
Support or Funding Information
Tubitak and Turgut Ozal University Hospital Project Management Ofice
Bu çalısmada Marmara depremini yasayan yetiskinlerin algıladıkları sosyal destek düzeyleri ile travma sonrası gelisim ve depresyon düzeyleri arasındaki iliskinin bazı değiskenlere göre farklılasıp ...farklılasmadığı incelenmeye çalısılmıstır.Bu değiskenleri; cinsiyet, yas, eğitim durumu, meslek, medeni durum, yerlesim yeri, deprem sırasında bulunulan bölge, deprem sırasında bulunulan yer, sarsıntıyı hissetme, deprem sırasında bulunulan binada çökme, enkaz altında, ailede can kaybı, akrabalarda can kaybı, mal kaybı, kurtarma çalısmalarına katılma, evin su andaki durumu ve su anda kalınan yer olusturmaktadır.Uygulama Yalova bölgesinde ikamet eden, 1999 Marmara depreminde bulundukları binanın çökmesi, enkaz altında kalma, yakın kaybı yasama, mal kaybı yasama gibi travmatik süreçlerden birini yada birkaçını yasamıs olan 190 depremzede üzerinde uygulanmıstır.Arastırma da Depremzede Kisisel Bilgi Formu, Travma Sonrası Gelisim Ölçeği (PTG), Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BECK), Sosyal Destek Formu uygulanmıstır.Uygulamadan elde edilen bulgulara, arastırma amaçları doğrultusunda SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) programı uygulanmıs ve genel olarak su sonuçlara ulasılmıstır.Arastırmanın sonuçlarına göre, kadınların travma sonrası olumlu gelisim düzeylerinin erkeklere göre daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıstır. Eğitim durumu ile travma sonrası olumlu gelisim düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıstır. Medeni durum ile travma sonrası olumlu gelisim düzeyi karsılastırıldığında aralarında anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmamıstır. Deprem sırasında bulunulan yerle travma sonrası olumlu gelisim düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir farklılık görülmemistir.Binada çökme durumu ve enkaz altında kalma durumu ile travma sonrası olumlu gelisim düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmıstır. Binada çökme yasamıs ve enkaz altında kalmıs depremzedelerin travma sonrası olumlu gelisim düzeyleri bu durumları yasamamıs kisilere göre daha düsüktür.Aile bireylerinde can kaybı yasama ve ciddi miktarda mal kaybı yasama ile travma sonrası olumlu gelisim düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu ortaya çıkmıstır.Kurtarma çalısmalarına katılma ile travma sonrası olumlu gelisim düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir fark olmadığı saptanmıstır.Sosyal destek düzeyinin azaldıkça travma sonrası olumlu gelisim puanının azaldığı ve depresyon düzeyinin arttığı saptanmıstır.Cinsiyet kavramı ve eğitim durumu ile sosyal destek düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir farklılığın olmadığı saptanmıstırAilede olusan can kaybı ile sosyal destek düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmustur. Cinsiyet ve eğitim durumuyla depresyon düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıstır.Binada çökme durumu, enkaz altında kalma, ailede can kaybı yasama, ciddi miktarda mal kaybı yasama durumları ile depresyon düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmıstır.Kurtarma çalısmalarına katılma ile depresyon düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı ortaya çıkmıstır. Evlerinin su andaki durumuyla depresyon düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmıstır. Su anda kalınan yerle depresyon düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı ortaya çıkmıstır.
•SI and PER injuries cause more damage to the physis and joint surfaces in contrast to SER and SPF injuries.•The type of ankle injury mechanism pattern should be combined with SH classification while ...evaluating the pediatric DTPF.•Transepiphyseal fractures generally occured after PER injuries.
The aim of this study is determining the factors that affect prognosis of distal tibial physeal fractures (DTPF) and analyzing whether Salter-Harris (SH) or Dias-Tachdjian (DT) classification is more predictive for outcomes.
Patients treated for DTPF were retrospectively analyzed. Fracture patterns were classified according to SH and DT. Treatment methods and fracture characteristics were noted. Distal tibial angles and joint irregularities were analyzed on patient's final ankle radiographs followed by American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score questionnaire.
75 patients followed-up between 6 and 96 months meeting the inclusion criteria were evaluated. Joint irregularity was observed in 41.3% and partial premature physeal closure (PPC) in 34.7% of the patients. Lateral distal tibial angle (LDTA) and talocrural angle related deformity were detected in 20% and 14.7% of the patients, respectively. Partial PPC and joint irregularities that have been developed in pronation-eversion-external rotation and supination-inversion injuries (SH type 3, 4) were 62% and 50%, and 42% and 75%, respectively. On follow-ups of supination-external rotation injuries (SH type 2) joint irregularity has never been observed. Following supination-external rotation and supination-plantar flexion injuries, a low rate of partial PPC have been developed; LDTA related deformity was revealed at a high rate of 39.1% after supination-inversion injuries. There weren't any differences observed between the initial displacement, residual displacement or surgical technique and PPC, joint irregularity and angular deformities. Patients treated by ORIF technique had lower AOFAS scores than patients treated by other surgical techniques.
In this study it was revealed that SH classification system is not sufficient alone to determine the prognosis of DTPF, the injury mechanisms causing SH types might be also significant in prediction of the prognosis of DTPF.
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