This paper starts from the definition of the concepts of both Marxism and Chinese-style modernized discourse system, and carries out the division of independent variables, control variables and ...dependent variables to pave the way for the construction of the multiple linear regression model later. Based on determining the variables, the Pearson correlation coefficient formula is used to obtain the correlation between the variables, followed by the construction of the multiple linear regression model and other methods such as significance test to analyze the influencing factors of Chinese-style modernized discourse system. The results show that all the regression coefficients are positive, indicating that the six independent variables positively influence the construction of modernization discourse. The standard regression coefficient of “Deng Xiaoping Theory” is 0.227, which is significantly higher than the regression coefficients of the other indexes, indicating that Marxist political economy dimension of “Deng Xiaoping Theory” has a positive influence on the construction of modernization discourse, and that “Deng Xiaoping Theory” is more important than the other indexes. Deng Xiaoping Theory” has the most significant influence on the modernization discourse system. The Chinese modernization discourse system is a system that promotes both the development of revolution and construction practice, as well as cultural modernization and the generation of people’s subjective consciousness, as revealed by this study.
A novel ultrasensitive immunoassay method was developed based on the electrochemical measurement of polyaniline, which was catalytically produced by horseradish peroxidase-functionalized gold ...nanoparticle (HRP-Au NP) probe at an immunosensor. The immunosensor was prepared step-wise by first modifying the electrode with reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/Au NPs nanocomposite followed by the immobilization of capture antibodies on its surface. After performing a sandwich immunoreaction, the quantitatively captured HRP-Au NP nanoprobes could catalyze oxidation of aniline to produce electroactive polyaniline on the immunosensor surface. The electrochemical measurement of polyaniline enabled a novel detection strategy for HRP-based immunoassay. Both the signal amplification of the HRP-Au NP nanoprobe and the electron transfer acceleration of rGO/Au NPs on the immunosensor surface greatly improved the detection sensitivity of the immunoassay method. With the use of human IgG as a model analyte, this method showed a wide linear range over 4 orders of magnitude with a detection limit of 9.7 pg/mL. In addition, the immunosensor had low cost, satisfactory reproducibility and stability, and acceptable reliability. The relatively positive potential range for the polyaniline measurement completely excluded the conventional interference from dissolved oxygen. Thus, this method provides a promising potential for practical applications.
Abstract
Objectives
Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) experience stress and suffer from the risk of recurrence and death. Comprehensive nursing intervention based on self-disclosure (CNISD) ...is an interdisciplinary service and an effective approach to care that improves quality of life and alleviates suffering for patients with CHD. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of CNISD on alexithymia in patients with CHD.
Methods
A total of 1088 patients with CHD were recruited and received CNISD (
n
= 540) and usual care (
n
= 548). The quality of life, alexithymia, four statutory health insurance funds, recurrence, mortality, and satisfaction was compared in patients with CHD between CNISD and usual care group.
Results
Outcomes showed that CNISD improved sleep quality and quality of life, increased physical activity, reduced the hospital anxiety and depression scale in patients with CHD compared to usual care. Recurrence and mortality of patients with CHD were markedly improved by CNISD compared to patients with CHD in usual care group.
Conclusions
In conclusion, data in this study indicate that CNISD presents benefits in improving quality of life, physical activity, anxiety, depression, recurrence, and mortality for patients with CHD.
The detoxification of dye-contaminated water by photocatalysis has become a research priority. Here, a novel hybrid material, cuprous oxide/sunflower stem pith (Cu
O/SSP), was successfully ...synthesized in situ, using copper hydroxide gel, prepared by ion exchange, as the precursor to Cu
O. The presence of Cu
O nanoparticles on the SSP was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses. Using methylene blue (MB) as the target pollutant, Cu
O/SSP delivered excellent adsorption-photocatalytic degradation and was readily photoregenerated. Cu
O/SSP removed 72.7% of MB after 60 min under visible light irradiation, an increase of 15.6 % compared with unmodified SSP. SSP plays three roles in the removal of MB: it acts as an adsorbent for the MB, a carrier for the Cu
O nanoparticles and it also inhibits photocorrosion of Cu
O. The mechanism of adsorption-photocatalysis by Cu
O/SSP was investigated and a description of the mechanism is provided. This study paves the way for the detoxification of dye-containing wastewater using hybrid biomass materials.
Nature, a rich source of bioactive natural products, serves as a massive pool of drug candidates for the pharmaceutical industry. However, the supply of these structurally complex chemicals is costly ...as most of the natural products are scarce in nature, thus requiring de novo synthesis. The supply chain issue hinders the development of novel therapeutic agents from natural products. Microbial synthesis, based on the expression of biosynthetic genes in a suitable microbial host to produce certain chemicals, is a sustainable strategy to produce complex natural products. However, this strategy requires gaining insights into the biosynthesis of target molecules. Most natural products are biosynthetically unknown or not fully elucidated; thus, the sole application of microbial synthesis strategy to produce a given molecule is challenging. In this review, we highlight a strategy that combines microbial and chemical syntheses to tackle the supply chain issue in developing drugs from natural products. We believe this strategy can revive the drug development pipeline for natural products.
The apicomplexan, Cryptosporidium parvum, possesses a bacterial-type lactate dehydrogenase (CpLDH). This is considered to be an essential enzyme, as this parasite lacks the Krebs cycle and ...cytochrome-based respiration, and mainly-if not solely, relies on glycolysis to produce ATP. Here, we provide evidence that in extracellular parasites (e.g., sporozoites and merozoites), CpLDH is localized in the cytosol. However, it becomes associated with the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) during the intracellular developmental stages, suggesting involvement of the PVM in parasite energy metabolism. We characterized the biochemical features of CpLDH and observed that, at lower micromolar levels, the LDH inhibitors gossypol and FX11 could inhibit both CpLDH activity (Ki = 14.8 μM and 55.6 μM, respectively), as well as parasite growth in vitro (IC50 = 11.8 μM and 39.5 μM, respectively). These observations not only reveal a new function for the poorly understood PVM structure in hosting the intracellular development of C. parvum, but also suggest LDH as a potential target for developing therapeutics against this opportunistic pathogen, for which fully effective treatments are not yet available.
Cryptosporidium parvum
is a globally distributed zoonotic protozoan parasite of both medical and veterinary importance. Nitazoxanide is the only FDA-approved drug to treat cryptosporidiosis in ...immunocompetent people, but it is not fully effective. There is no drug approved by FDA for use in immunocompromised patients or in animals. In the present study, we conducted phenotypic screening of 800 nature products with defined chemical structures for potential novel activity against the growth of
C. parvum in vitro
. We identified a large number of compounds showing low to sub-micromolar anti-cryptosporidial activity, and fully characterized 16 top hits for anti-parasitic efficacies
in vitro
EC
50
values from 0.122 to 3.940 μM, cytotoxicity (TC
50
) values from 6.31 to >100 μm and their safety margins. Among them, 11 compounds were derived from plants with EC
50
values from 0.267 to 3.940 μM i.e., cedrelone, deoxysappanone B 7,4′-dimethyl ether (Deox B 7,4), tanshinone IIA, baicalein, deoxysappanone B 7,3′-dimethyl ether acetate, daunorubicin, dihydrogambogic acid, deacetylgedunin, deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin, dihydrotanshinone I, 2,3,4′-trihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, and 3-deoxo-3beta-hydroxy-mexicanolide 16-enol ether. Three compounds with sub-micromolar EC
50
values (i.e., cedrelone, Deox B 7,4, and baicalein) were further investigated for their effectiveness on various parasite developmental stages
in vitro
. Cedrelone and baicalein were more effective than Dexo B 7,4 when treating parasite for shorter periods of time, but all three compounds could kill the parasite irreversibly. These findings provide us a large selection of new structures derived from natural products to be explored for developing anti-cryptosporidial therapeutics.
The literature suggests that first-movers enjoy sustainable competitive advantages but suffer some disadvantages. The timing of new product introduction is a major decision for executives who are ...concerned about sustainability issues. These executives must simultaneously strive for environmental protection, social welfare, the timing of product introduction, and the economic viability of decisions. However, few academic studies have examined how executives balance sustainable first-mover advantages and sustainable development goals in order to achieve sustainable organizational growth and performance. This study develops nine research hypotheses to examine what sustainable advantages first-movers gain by being first to market sustainable products in five industries that are important for advancing sustainable development goals. Using data collected from 1437 executives who are concerned about sustainability issues in seven countries, this study uses Duncan multiple-range tests to examine cross-national similarities and differences between Asian and Western countries. The study results reveal some interesting cross-national similarities and differences. The cross-national differences suggest some competing and signaling strategies for sustainable enterprise development. This study contributes to the existing cross-national research on first-mover advantages, provides a richer understanding of how executives who are concerned about sustainability issues perceive sustainability first-mover advantages and disadvantages, and further expands the theory of sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship.
Abstract
Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using cupric hydroxide gel as a precursor and glucose as a reductant. A well-dispersed cupric hydroxide gel was prepared by ...treatment of aqueous cuprous chloride with anion exchange resin. The average diameter of the Cu2O nanoparticles was 780 nm. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that polyethylene from the anion exchange resin was present in the Cu2O powder, explaining how the ion exchange route reduces agglomeration of the Cu2O nanoparticles. Addition of hydrogen peroxide during the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue significantly reduced photocorrosion of the Cu2O nanoparticles. The mechanism by which hydrogen peroxide participates in the photocatalytic process and inhibits photocorrosion was investigated.
Background
Although long-term outcomes may be comparable between laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) and open liver resection (OLR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there has been little discussion ...regarding the patterns of recurrence after LLR.
Methods
Patients with HCC who underwent hepatectomy between April 2015 and November 2018 were included in this study. The recurrence patterns were analyzed in detail. The recurrence outcomes following laparoscopic versus OLR for HCC were compared after 1:2 propensity score matching. Potential risk factors for recurrence were also assessed with Cox proportional risk models.
Results
Among 425 patients after LLR, 144 (33.8%) experienced recurrence at the last follow-up, with a median recurrence-free survival (RFS) of 10.0 months (range 1–58 months). The most frequent recurrence site was the liver (
n
= 99, 68.8%), followed by the surgical margin (
n
= 15, 10.4%) and distant metastases (
n
= 12, 8.3%). Liver recurrence with distant metastasis (
n
= 10, 6.9%) tended to occur early (median 8.0 months), while peritoneal recurrence (
n
= 8, 5.6%) occurred later (median 14.0 months). A total of 120 (83.3%) patients had recurrence within 2 years after LLR. No trocar site recurrence was observed in this study. The recurrence patterns, timing, and treatment did not show significant differences between the LLR and OLR. The independent risk factors for recurrence included ALBI grade, postoperative α-fetoprotein > 8 ng/ml, tumor size > 5 cm, surgical margin ≤ 1 cm, and multiple tumors. Patients with recurrence had 1- and 5-year overall survival rates of 81.1% and 60.7%, respectively, compared with rates of 95.8% and 92.9% for patients without recurrence (
P
< 0.000).
Conclusion
This study suggested that intrahepatic recurrence was still the most common recurrence pattern for HCC after LLR and that LLR did not increase the risk of trocar hole recurrence or implantation. Most cases of recurrence occurred within 2 years after LLR, suggesting that surveillance should be targeted to early recurrence.
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