We used contingent valuation to estimate participant willingness to pay (WTP) for agricultural economics extension programming. The data, collected from evaluation forms used for a series of outlook ...meetings conducted by faculty from Ohio State University, and subsequent analysis suggest participant private benefits exceeded departmental costs of conducting the program (benefit-cost ratios of 1.07 under conservative assumptions and 1.74 under moderate assumptions). We also explore the revenue generation potential from alternative program pricing and discuss the potential for developing differentiated programs to reach distinct audience segments. Additional research necessary before implementing alternative pricing or program differentiation plans is also discussed.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of diseases. Patients with a normal karyotype constitute the largest single group; multiple chromosome rearrangements involving three or more ...chromosomes occur in 5 10% of AML patients. The pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying both groups are largely unknown. In the current study, we have systematically combined transcriptional profiles with cytogenetic data from 15 AML patients with either normal or complex karyotypes.
The expression profiles were investigated by unsupervised hierarchical clustering, supervised cluster analysis, and comparative genomic microarray analysis. In addition, the samples were analyzed by G-banding and/or spectral karyotyping and comparative genomic hybridization.
Our results show that AML with complex karyotypes exhibit a gene expression profile that is specific to this group of patients. The differentially expressed genes included several located on 5q and 7q, as well as genes involved in controlling cell division. We also found that DNA gains and losses caused by multiple chromosome rearrangements result in altered gene expression in a gene-dosage-dependent manner.
These data provide insight into the mechanisms of multiple chromosome rearrangements and further demonstrate that the expression patterns of AML are strongly linked to the karyotypic status, even for the relatively undefined cytogenetic subgroup AML with complex karyotype.
A growing body of research in recent years is establishing the importance of glycosylation in cancer. Several types of cancer, especially epithelial carcinomas such as pancreatic cancer, commonly ...display particular carbohydrate alterations that have potential functional roles in cancer progression. New analytical tools are providing enhanced opportunities for studying glycans in cancer. One such tool is the antibody-lectin sandwich array (ALSA). ALSA complements existing glycobiology methods by offering a unique set of capabilities, such as reproducible detection of glycans on specific proteins, sensitive detection directly from biological samples, multiplexed analysis of both core protein and glycan levels, and low-volume, high-throughput sample processing. Using this tool, one may characterize glycan variation in populations, identify glycan changes on specific proteins in model systems, or characterize protein carriers of specific glycans. These types of experiments will be especially useful in pancreatic cancer research in studies to develop biomarkers and to define therapeutic targets.
The goals of this study were to evaluate the potential of detecting cryptic amplification and deletion of cancer-related genes using array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and to ...identify candidate cancer genes by combined parallel analyses of copy number and gene expression profiles in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines. We established global DNA copy number and mRNA expression profiles on human NPC cell lines using a high-density cDNA microarray. The DNA copy number alterations detected by array CGH were compared to the DNA copy number variations identified by metaphase CGH. A cryptic amplification at 3q26 was detected by array CGH, which was not found by metaphase CGH. By amplicon mapping and parallel analyses of DNA copy number and mRNA expression levels, we identified several candidates which could be important mediators in tumor formation or progression. Taken together, the combination of copy number and gene expression profiling using cDNA microarrays provides an improved strategy for gene discovery in human cancer.
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