Abstract The development of tracheal scaffolds fabricated based on electrospinning technique by applying different ratios of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyurethane (PU) is introduced here. ...Prior to clinical implantation, evaluations of biomechanical and morphological properties, as well as biocompatibility and cell adhesion verifications are required and extensively performed on each scaffold type. However, the need for bioreactors and large cell numbers may delay the verification process during the early assessment phase. Hence, we investigated the feasibility of performing biocompatibility verification using static instead of dynamic culture. We performed bioreactor seeding on 3-dimensional (3-D) tracheal scaffolds (PET/PU and PET) and correlated the quantitative and qualitative results with 2-dimensional (2-D) sheets seeded under static conditions. We found that an 8-fold reduction for 2-D static seeding density can essentially provide validation on the qualitative and quantitative evaluations for 3-D scaffolds. In vitro studies revealed that there was notably better cell attachment on PET sheets/scaffolds than with the polyblend. However, the in vivo outcomes of cell seeded PET/PU and PET scaffolds in an orthotopic transplantation model in rodents were similar. They showed that both the scaffold types satisfied biocompatibility requirements and integrated well with the adjacent tissue without any observation of necrosis within 30 days of implantation.
The infectious risk of central venous line (CVL) placement in children with neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count ANC <500/mm3) is not well defined. This study aims to investigate the early ...(≤30 days) and late (>30 days) infectious complications of CVLs placed in pediatric patients with and without neutropenia.
A retrospective review was conducted of all CVLs placed by pediatric surgeons at two institutions from 2010 to 2017. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for line infection. Propensity score-matched cohorts of patients with and without neutropenia were compared in a 1:1 ratio. Wilcoxon rank-sum, Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and log-rank tests were also performed.
Review identified 1,102 CVLs placed in 937 patients. Fifty-four patients were neutropenic at the time of placement. Multivariable analysis demonstrated tunneled catheters and subclavian access as associated with line infection. The propensity score-matched cohort included 94 patients, 47 from each group. Demographic and preoperative data were similar between the groups (p > 0.05). Patients with neutropenia were no more likely to develop early (4.3% vs. 2.1%, p = 1.000) or late (19.1% vs. 17.0%, p = 1.000) infectious complications than patients without neutropenia, with similar median time to infection (141 vs. 222 days, p = 0.370).
A policy of selective CVL placement in neutropenic patients with standardized postoperative line maintenance is safe. Future directions include defining criteria by which neutropenic patients could be prospectively selected for safe CVL placement.
II – Retrospective cohort study.
Nature Communications 5: Article number: 3562 (2014); Published online: 15 April 2014; Updated: 10 April 2018 The original HTML version of this Article had an incorrect article number of 4562; it ...should have been 3562. This has now been corrected in the HTML; the PDF version of the Article was correct from the time of publication.
We proposed a model of intergroup contact wherein contact promotes understanding of outgroup perspectives, perspective taking relates to reduced intergroup anxiety that in turn is associated with ...lessened stereotyping and more positive intergroup attitudes. Additionally, we examined if implicit attitudes followed this model or were directly impacted by contact. White undergraduates (n = 153) completed measures of contact, perspective taking, intergroup anxiety, stereotype endorsement, and implicit and explicit intergroup attitudes. Our model fitted the data well but explained explicit attitudes and stereotyping better than implicit attitudes. Supporting an environmental association interpretation, contact was the only significant predictor of implicit attitudes. Findings support a dual-process model wherein implicit and explicit attitudes represent separate constructs and support the value of contact in improving intergroup attitudes.
Image-guided removal of foreign bodies Eggers, G.; Haag, C.; Hassfeld, S.
British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery,
10/2005, Letnik:
43, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Foreign bodies are common in the head and face. We investigated the use of image-guided navigation systems for the removal of foreign bodies in 10 patients between 1998 and 2004.
In all cases foreign ...bodies were retrieved. There were no major complications. Image-guided removal of foreign bodies is safe and valuable.
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a disease in children leading to deformation of the femoral head and can be a promoter for early dysfunction of the hip and early osteoarthritis of the hip. The ...study of health-related quality of life, physical activity, and behavior patterns in patients with LCPD can reveal its consequences later in life and also contribute to a better understanding of the etiology of the disease.
We identified 145 patients with LCPD diagnosed and treated at Uppsala University Hospital between 1978 and 1995. A total of 116 patients answered questionnaires regarding health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-3L), physical activity International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and hyperactive/inattentive behavior pattern ADHD self-reporting symptom checklist (ASRS v1.1) by interview. Patients were asked to report on fractures or soft-tissue injuries that required medical care. Medical charts were reviewed to determine age at onset of LCPD and treatment received.
Patients with LCPD had significantly lower EQ-5D-3L and EQ VAS scores than the Swedish general population in all age groups. A total of 28% of our patient group had ASRS scores indicating they are likely or highly likely to have an ADHD diagnosis. A lower EQ-5D-3L score was significantly correlated with a higher total ASRS v1.1 score (ρ=-0.309**). Over 90% of our patient group was physically active on a moderate or high level, despite 52% reporting either some or severe problems with pain according to the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. Patients with high ASRS v1.1 scores (>16) had a significantly higher incidence of soft-tissue injuries than those with lower ASRS v1.1 scores.
The consequence of LCPD in adulthood was expressed in a lower quality of life compared with the Swedish general population. Despite this, the patients in our study reported a higher level of physical activity than the general population. A tendency toward hyperactive behavior pattern and high physical activity level may be present even in childhood and could contribute to the etiology of LCPD.
A retrospective study, level II.
A tissue-engineered oesophageal scaffold could be very useful for the treatment of pediatric and adult patients with benign or malignant diseases such as carcinomas, trauma or congenital ...malformations. Here we decellularize rat oesophagi inside a perfusion bioreactor to create biocompatible biological rat scaffolds that mimic native architecture, resist mechanical stress and induce angiogenesis. Seeded allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells spontaneously differentiate (proven by gene-, protein and functional evaluations) into epithelial- and muscle-like cells. The reseeded scaffolds are used to orthotopically replace the entire cervical oesophagus in immunocompetent rats. All animals survive the 14-day study period, with patent and functional grafts, and gain significantly more weight than sham-operated animals. Explanted grafts show regeneration of all the major cell and tissue components of the oesophagus including functional epithelium, muscle fibres, nerves and vasculature. We consider the presented tissue-engineered oesophageal scaffolds a significant step towards the clinical application of bioengineered oesophagi.
A mathematical model, in the form of an integro-partial differential equation, is presented to describe the dynamics of cells being deposited, attaching and growing in the form of a monolayer across ...an adherent surface. The model takes into account that the cells suspended in the media used for the seeding have a distribution of sizes, and that the attachment of cells restricts further deposition by fragmenting the parts of the domain unoccupied by cells. Once attached the cells are assumed to be able to grow and proliferate over the domain by a process of infilling of the interstitial gaps; it is shown that without cell proliferation there is a slow build up of the monolayer but if the surface is conducive to cell spreading and proliferation then complete coverage of the domain by the monolayer can be achieved more rapidly. Analytical solutions of the model equations are obtained for special cases, and numerical solutions are presented for parameter values derived from experiments of rat mesenchymal stromal cells seeded onto thin layers of collagen-coated polyethylene terephthalate electrospun fibers. The model represents a new approach to describing the deposition, attachment and growth of cells over adherent surfaces, and should prove useful for studying the dynamics of the seeding of biomaterials.
Nature Communications 5: Article number: 3562 (2014); Published 15 April 2014; Updated 21 March 2017 This Article is retracted by the authors. Nature Communications previously issued an Editorial ...Expression of Concern (http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms13310) related to this Article, following the publication of a report commissioned by The Karolinska Institute and prepared by the Expert Group for Misconduct in Research at the Swedish Central Ethical Review Board.
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