No need to get away: X‐ray absorption spectroscopy of catalytically active palladium nanoparticles during a Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction revealed that the nanoparticles were stable under ...the reaction conditions, and that cross‐coupling involved the direct participation of surface palladium defect sites in the catalytic cycle (see picture). Selective chemical and structural poisons provided further evidence for a heterogeneous active site.
Pd does it alone: Tailored heterogeneous catalysts offer exciting, alternative, clean technologies for regioselective molecular transformations. A mesoporous alumina support stabilizes atomically ...dispersed PdII surface sites (see picture, C light gray, O red, Pd dark gray, Al purple, H white), thereby dramatically enhancing catalytic performance in the aerobic selective oxidation of alcohols.
Psychotherapy interventions increasingly utilize digital technologies to improve access to therapy and its acceptability. Opportunities that digital technology potentially creates for art therapy ...reach beyond increased access to include new possibilities of adaptation and extension of therapy tool box. Given growing interest in practice and research in this area, it is important to investigate how art therapists engage with digital technology or how (and whether) practice might be safely adapted to include new potential modes of delivery and new arts media.
An integrative review of peer-reviewed literature on the use of digital technology in art therapy was conducted. The methodology used is particularly well suited for early stage exploratory inquiries, allowing for close examination of papers from a variety of methodological paradigms. Only studies that presented empirical outcomes were included in the formal analysis.
Over 400 records were screened and 12 studies were included in the synthesis, pertaining to both the use of digital technology for remote delivery and as a medium for art making. Included studies, adopting predominantly qualitative and mixed methods, are grouped according to their focus on: art therapists' views and experiences, online/distance art therapy, and the use of digital arts media. Recurring themes are discussed, including potential benefits and risks of incorporating digital technology in sessions with clients, concerns relating to ethics, resistance toward digital arts media, technological limitations and implications for therapeutic relationship and therapy process. Propositions for best practice and technological innovations that could make some of the challenges redundant are also reviewed. Future directions in research are indicated and cautious openness is recommended in both research and practice.
The review documents growing research illustrating increased use of digital technology by art therapists for both online delivery and digital art making. Potentially immense opportunities that technology brings for art therapy should be considered alongside limitations and challenges of clinical, pragmatic and ethical nature. The review aims to invite conversations and further research to explore ways in which technology could increase relevance and reach of art therapy without compromising clients' safety and key principles of the profession.
The aim of this single-case study was to investigate the responses to psychodynamic art psychotherapy from a man who had a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder and ongoing aggressive behavior ...in a secure care setting. The intervention was 19 sessions of psychodynamic art psychotherapy lasting up to 1 hr per week. This study uses a single-case design with pretreatment, treatment, and posttreatment follow-up assessment of symptoms using multiple methods reported by the therapist, other staff members, and the patient. Treatment progress was assessed by (a) repeated self-report symptom measurements, (b) continuous assessment of observed aggressive behavior and risk incident reports in the hospital, (c) pre-post treatment assessment of relationship patterns and interpersonal schemas, and (d) interviews with the patient and his nurse at 9-month follow-up, retrospectively assessing the change. The patient showed a clinically significant reduction pre-post and pre-follow-up in symptoms. Behavioral observations indicated a reduction of overt aggression and risk-related incidents. Comparison of the Core Conflictual Relationship Theme pre-post treatment indicated positive changes in interpersonal schemas. This illustrative systematic single-case study highlights the potential for investigation of a novel psychotherapeutic approach that has in turn led to further developments in clinical research.
Clinical Impact Statement
Question: What are the responses to psychodynamic art psychotherapy from a man who had a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder and ongoing aggressive behavior in a secure care setting? Findings: Clinicians could consider art psychotherapy to be a potentially helpful treatment option for antisocial personality disorder when patients are indicated as having additional difficulties in their cognitive capacity and/or adaptive functioning. Meaning: This systematic single-case study has indicated wider potential for the development, research, and application of art psychotherapy. Applying creative approaches may be particularly relevant to patients within secure care who may benefit from the inclusion of art making within psychotherapy to enhance its accessibility. Next Steps: Art psychotherapy could be considered as a potentially beneficial treatment, as indicated within this systematic case study. Further investment in the clinical development and research of art psychotherapy may prove to be informative and supportive in efforts to widen the evidence base and the choice of clinical treatments available to individuals in secure forensic settings.
Violence and aggression have mental and physical health consequences and costs for individuals and society. The aim of this review is to identify recent cross-sector innovative approaches in ...psychosocial interventions for managing violence and aggression in adults.
We used a horizon scanning approach. Inclusion criteria were clinical trials published or registered 2017–2020 evaluating interventions for perpetrators. We searched three electronic databases (Cinahl, Medline, PsycINFO) and international trials registries to identify documents and synthesized findings narratively.
Eighteen published and four registered trials were identified. Participants included veterans, intimate partner violence perpetrators, and prison inmates. Interventions where improvements were reported for participants on structured outcome measures included expressing gratitude, emotion recognition training, motivational plans/interviewing, art-psychotherapy, and trauma-informed shared narratives. Of interventions reviewed ‘signals’ or indicators of potential innovation were identified for reducing psychological aggression (e.g. denigration) and aggressive behaviour. A range of aggression outcome measures were utilized though all were not standardised and few were observational.
The recent innovative cross-sector approaches to managing violence and aggression in adults identified indicate a small but promising evidence base. Future research will add to this by using rigorous designs, developing standardised outcome measures and focussing on reducing aggressive behaviour leading to trauma and violence.
Background
A health inequalities gap exists between wealthy and deprived areas. Community-level occupation-focused interventions may support citizens and address inequities within their environments. ...Since the global financial crash of 2008 and fiscal policy changes within the United Kingdom, there has been a rise in food insecurity. Community volunteer initiatives have responded by providing for their residents. The aim of this study was to explore how occupational therapists may be agents for social change through exploring perspectives of members and volunteers from a community food cooperative in an area of social deprivation.
Methods
Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with cooperative members and volunteers within a food cooperative established to address food insecurity in a local community. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.
Results
We found three main themes: It’s Not a Foodbank, Shared Hardship and a cross-cutting theme of Community. The results suggest occupation-focused responses can support the development of community and collective occupations thereby contributing solutions to shared problems.
Conclusion
A community-centred, rights-based approach has supported local community need where socio-economic disadvantage and health inequalities were identified. Scope exists for occupational therapists to work genuinely with (not for) communities to address occupational injustice through collective occupation.
Background: Art therapy in perinatal parent-infant work is a developing area of practice in the UK. One in five mothers experience a mental illness during the perinatal period or during the early ...years following birth. It is likely that more than half of perinatal illness remains untreated. Parental stress and relational adversity are known to influence infant neurodevelopment.
Context: This paper describes the introduction of art therapy in an NHS perinatal parent-infant mental health outpatient facility. The department concerned authorised an art therapy service evaluation during 2017. Views and experiences of nine mothers with mental health issues, who attended the service with their babies, were collected and are included here.
Approach: The approach to perinatal parent-infant art therapy described is systemic in that it is underpinned by the concept of ecosystem and psychodynamic because it is informed by transgenerational relational effects that a parent's mind has on an infant's developing personality.
Outcomes: The mothers who attended this perinatal parent-infant art therapy service felt their views and worries were considered and they perceived art therapy as helpful. Positive changes perceived by mothers include better self-understanding, comprehension of problems, positive mood changes, and improved interrelations with their babies.
Conclusions: The mothers who experienced this innovative approach perceived the sessions as helpful in relation to their perinatal parent-infant mental health. Art therapy was well supported within the interdisciplinary perinatal parent-infant service.
Implications for research: Further research is now needed to test clinical effectiveness and the potential for intergenerational repair.
Plain-language summary
This paper describes the introduction of art therapy in an NHS perinatal parent-infant mental health outpatient service. This facility is one of only a few in the UK which provides both a perinatal and a parent-infant service for parents with mental health and bonding issues. The perinatal period lasts from around twenty-weeks before to twenty-weeks after birth. One in five mothers suffer a mental illness during this time or during the early years of their infant's development. It is likely that more than half of perinatal illnesses remains untreated.
Here we outline the underlying theoretical framework of this approach to perinatal parent-infant art therapy before describing the experiences and views of nine mothers who attended the service with their babies and agreed to take part in a service review authorised by the department.
We asked one mother to talk about how difficult memories sometimes got in the way of the relationship she had with her new baby. She told us how art therapy and art making helped her express her thoughts and feelings outwardly. This gave her more 'head space' to think about what her baby needed to develop healthily. All mothers who attended this service felt their views and worries were considered and they perceived art therapy as helpful. Positive changes perceived by mothers include better self-understanding, comprehension of problems, positive mood changes and improved interrelations with their babies.
In conclusion, the paper describes the ways in which art therapy within perinatal parent-infant work, using the approach described in this paper, may have provided a small window of opportunity for influencing change and intergenerational repair for the nine parent-infants who participated in the review. Future research is however needed to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of change and to test clinical effectiveness.
ObjectivesTo investigate key stakeholders’ views on how to improve access to primary care in general practice settings for people with learning disabilities (or intellectual disabilities). Further to ...explore how inequalities and barriers in specific areas including annual health checks might be addressed.DesignA qualitative study design was used with data collected during focus groups, interviews and open-response surveys; data analysis was thematic and informed by stakeholder consultation. Processes to facilitate quality included triangulation of stakeholder perspectives, triangulation of data collection methods and checking interpretation of findings with participants.SettingUK regional services including learning disability organisations, primary care general practitioner (GP) clinical practice networks and supported housing organisations.ParticipantsSixteen people participated in the study: four people with learning disabilities participated in a focus group; four relatives completed an interview or survey; eight GPs, practice nurses and supported housing managers participated in interviews.ResultsFive overarching themes describing approaches to improve primary care access for people with learning disabilities were identified including: prioritisation, proactivity, innovation and improvement, personalisation and prevention and follow-up. Definitions of themes were described and illustrated with quotes. Ten recommendations informed by the thematic analysis, stakeholder consultation, research and primary care guidance were codeveloped with people with learning disabilities.ConclusionsAll stakeholders identified problems, with primary care interfaces being misaligned with the needs of people with learning disabilities. The recommendations informed by all stakeholders can be used to guide development of service provision to better meet the needs of people with learning disabilities in primary care. Future research should explore professionals’ understanding of reasonable adjustments.
Psoriatic arthritis: prospects for the future Hackett, Simon; Ogdie, Alexis; Coates, Laura C.
Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease,
03/2022, Letnik:
14
Book Review, Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a form of chronic inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis and a multitude of other symptoms, most commonly arthritis, dactylitis, enthesitis and axial ...involvement. PsA is significantly heterogeneous, with a highly variable clinical course of PsA. Patients may experience significant or mild skin and joint symptoms, with some patients developing rapidly progressing joint destruction and skin symptoms. Despite the range of symptom severity, PsA is frequently associated with significantly impaired quality of life from joint destruction, as well as chronic pain and a range of comorbidities such as depression and cardiovascular disease. Currently, there are no definitive diagnostic tests for PsA, with diagnosis remaining challenging owing to the heterogeneous presentation and course of the disease. Presently, the CASPAR criteria are often used to aid rheumatologists in distinguishing PsA from other inflammatory arthritides. Treatment options for patients have been expanded over the last two decades with the emerging clinical utility of biological therapies. However, early identification and diagnosis of patients and effective disease control remain unmet medical needs within the PsA community. In addition, predicting response to treatment also remains a challenge to rheumatologists. This review highlights the current hurdles faced by healthcare professionals in the diagnosis and management of PsA patients and provides future action points for consideration by the members of the multidisciplinary team who treat PsA patients.
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