The repair efficiency of fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) is crucially linked to bond strength between FRP and concrete. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) technique is employed for the prediction of ...FRP–concrete bond strength based on more than 440 data points collected from literature work for training and testing of the proposed ANNs model. Such a model facilitates investigating the effect of various key parameters in controlling the bond. These are concrete compressive strength, maximum aggregate size, FRP thickness and modulus of elasticity, FRP‐to‐concrete length and width ratios, and adhesive tensile strength. The proposed ANNs model shows high fitting and prediction capability of training and testing data, respectively, with low mean square errors. Its accuracy of prediction far exceeds that of literature empirical models. Furthermore, the present comparative and sensitivity study of the predicted bond strength promotes the understanding of the impact of the above key parameters.
•GPC with Jordanian natural pozzolan attained structural strength grades.•An optimal mechanical response is achieved for GPC at alkaline/JNP ratio of 0.45.•Sodium silicate/NaOH for best GPC ...mechanical response confirmed literature values.•NaOH at a molarity of 12 had the best impact on hardened GPC properties.•The curing temperature for best mechanical performance of present GPC was at 80°C.
An experimental investigation was undertaken to study the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete (GPC), produced with Jordanian natural pozzolan (JNP) as base material and commercially available alkaline solution made of sodium silicate (NS) and sodium hydroxide (NH). GPC mixtures with limestone aggregates were proportioned considering various ratios of NSNH-to-JNP, and NS-to-NH, and concentrations of NH then tested for fresh and hardened properties using the technology currently used for conventional concrete. The compressive strength was determined over time for specimens that were either cured in laboratory air or dry cured in an oven for 24 or 48h at three different curing temperatures (40, 80, and 120°C) after 24h of casting. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images were also taken for samples representing various GPC specimens and dry curing temperatures. The parameters considered in proportioning various GPC mixtures had significantly impacted strength; confirming the behavior observed in literature; with optimal mixtures achieving matured compressive strengths in excess of 30MPa. Dry curing of GPC in an oven at 40°C and 80°C for less than 48h imparted significant increase in compressive strength at 25% and 32% of that obtained at normal curing in laboratory air, respectively. Extending dry curing period at the present temperatures beyond the first day after casting has resulted in a limited increase in compressive strength at 28days. The present GPC mixtures demonstrated high early strength development exceeding 70% of ultimate strength at three days of dry curing. SEM pictures confirmed the behaviors noticed for compressive strength for GPC mixtures, prepared at various proportions or heat cured at various temperatures.
The aim of this work is to provide evidence-based recommendations updating the 2017 ASCO guideline on systemic therapy for patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without driver ...alterations. A guideline update for patients with stage IV NSCLC with driver alterations will be published separately.
The American Society of Clinical Oncology and Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario) NSCLC Expert Panel made updated recommendations based on a systematic review of randomized controlled trials from December 2015 to 2019.
This guideline update reflects changes in evidence since the previous guideline update. Five randomized controlled trials provide the evidence base. Additional literature suggested by the Expert Panel is discussed.
Recommendations apply to patients without driver alterations in epidermal growth factor receptor or ALK. For patients with high programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression (tumor proportion score TPS ≥ 50%) and non-squamous cell carcinoma (non-SCC), the Expert Panel recommends single-agent pembrolizumab. Additional treatment options include pembrolizumab/carboplatin/pemetrexed, atezolizumab/carboplatin/paclitaxel/bevacizumab, or atezolizumab/carboplatin/nab-paclitaxel. For most patients with non-SCC and either negative (0%) or low positive (1% to 49%) PD-L1, the Expert Panel recommends pembrolizumab/carboplatin/pemetrexed. Additional options are atezolizumab/carboplatin/nab-paclitaxel, atezolizumab/carboplatin/paclitaxel/bevacizumab, platinum-based two-drug combination chemotherapy, or non-platinum-based two-drug therapy. Single-agent pembrolizumab is an option for low positive PD-L1. For patients with high PD-L1 expression (TPS ≥ 50%) and SCC, the Expert Panel recommends single-agent pembrolizumab. An additional treatment option is pembrolizumab/carboplatin/(paclitaxel or nab-paclitaxel). For most patients with SCC and either negative (0%) or low positive PD-L1 (TPS 1% to 49%), the Expert Panel recommends pembrolizumab/carboplatin/(paclitaxel or nab-paclitaxel) or chemotherapy. Single-agent pembrolizumab is an option in select cases of low positive PD-L1. Recommendations are conditional on the basis of histology, PD-L1 status, and/or the presence or absence of contraindications. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/lung-cancer-guidelines.
To provide evidence-based recommendations updating the 2020 ASCO and Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario) guideline on systemic therapy for patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer without ...driver alterations.
ASCO updated recommendations on the basis of an ongoing systematic review of randomized clinical trials from 2018 to 2021.
This guideline update reflects changes in evidence since the previous update. Five randomized clinical trials provide the evidence base. Outcomes of interest include efficacy and safety.
In addition to 2020 options for patients with high programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression (tumor proportion score TPS ≥ 50%), nonsquamous cell carcinoma (non-SCC), and performance status (PS) 0-1, clinicians may offer single-agent atezolizumab. With high PD-L1 expression (TPS ≥ 50%), non-SCC, and PS 0-1, clinicians may offer nivolumab and ipilumumab alone or nivolumab and ipilimumab plus chemotherapy. With negative (0%) and low positive PD-L1 expression (TPS 1%-49%), non-SCC, and PS 0-1, clinicians may offer nivolumab and ipilimumab alone or nivolumab and ipilimumab plus chemotherapy. With high PD-L1 expression, SCC, and PS 0-1, clinicians may offer single-agent atezolizumab. With high PD-L1 expression, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and PS 0-1, clinicians may offer nivolumab and ipilimumab alone or in combination with two cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy. With negative and low positive PD-L1 expression, SCC, and PS 0-1, clinicians may offer nivolumab and ipilimumab alone or in combination with two cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy. With non-SCC who received an immune checkpoint inhibitor and chemotherapy as first-line therapy, clinicians may offer second-line paclitaxel plus bevacizumab. With non-SCC, who received chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, clinicians should offer the options of third-line single-agent pemetrexed, docetaxel, or paclitaxel plus bevacizumab.Additional information is available at www.asco.org/thoracic-cancer-guidelines.
•Corroded beams were repaired with CFRP strips and anchored with U-wrap CFRP sheets.•The anchorage configuration promoted the flexural performance of corroded beams.•Corrosion cracking undermined the ...efficiency of present anchorage by CFRP sheets.•Concrete cover replacement had a limited impact on repair efficiency.
The mechanical impact of using segmented or continuous U-wrap CFRP sheets with varying lateral extensions to anchor CFRP strips, attached to steel-corroded reinforced concrete beams, was investigated. Control, corrosion-damaged, and corroded and repaired beams were tested under four-point loading for mechanical performance and CFRP-concrete bond behavior and their characteristics. The anchorage configuration, which involve bonding double layered CFRP sheets above and beyond CFRP plates at an extension of 100mm to the beams’ soffit, had contributed the best towards promoting the flexural performance of corroded beams as load capacity and stiffness were increased by 37% and 54%, respectively, without harmful reductions in ductility and stiffness. Attaching 300-mm-long CFRP sheets to the free ends of the strips with lateral extension of 50mm to beams’ soffit imparted the best second improvement in mechanical behavior. Comparison between intact-strengthened and corrosion-damaged and repaired beams revealed that corrosion cracking tended to significantly undermine the efficiency of present anchorage in improving mechanical response of repaired beams. The preset findings revealed that the benefit of concrete cover replacement prior to repair with CFRP composites was limited.
The potential of recovering flexural performance of thermally damaged concrete beams using near surface mounted (NSM) carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips was satisfactory when enough ...development lengths beyond critical stress region were provided. Intact/strengthened and heat-damaged/repaired beams showed improved load capacity and toughness, yet experienced reductions in ductility and toughness as compared to control ones.
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•Exposure of beams to 600°C for 2h degraded their mechanical properties.•Flexural behavior of post-heated beams with NSM CFRP strips was recovered.•Ductility was recovered for heat-damaged beams with NSM CFRP strips.•Heat-damaged had significantly reduced bond strength between concrete and NSM CFRP.•End-concrete cover peeling off was the dominant failure mode for repaired and strengthened beams.
The potential of recovering the flexural performance of thermally damaged concrete beams using near surface mounted (NSM) carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips was experimentally investigated. Twenty reinforced concrete beams (150×250×1400mm) were cast then cured for 28days in moist burlap. A set of ten beams were heated at 600°C for 2h using an electrical furnace whereas those of the second set were left in laboratory air. Four pairs of beams from each set were repaired/strengthened at their tension side using similar configurations of NSM CFRP strips. Duplicate beams of each set were tested as controls. The mechanical performance of different beams was evaluated under four-point loading test setup including measurement of strain in NSM CFRP strips and slippage between NSM CFRP strips and concrete. Moreover, cracking and failure modes were monitored and characterized. Intact/strengthened and heat-damaged/repaired beams showed improved load capacity and toughness, yet experienced reductions in ductility and toughness as compared to control ones. Different performance indicators revealed good potential of repairing heat-damaged beams using NSM CFRP strips. End-cover separation failure mode was observed for both strengthened as well as repaired beams. Analytical predictions of ultimate load capacity for different beams confirmed experimentally obtained results.
Relating a set of variables X to a response y is crucial in chemometrics. A quantitative prediction objective can be enriched by qualitative data interpretation, for instance by locating the most ...influential features. When high-dimensional problems arise, dimension reduction techniques can be used. Most notable are projections (e.g. Partial Least Squares or PLS ) or variable selections (e.g. lasso). Sparse partial least squares combine both strategies, by blending variable selection into PLS. The variant presented in this paper, Dual-sPLS, generalizes the classical PLS1 algorithm. It provides balance between accurate prediction and efficient interpretation. It is based on penalizations inspired by classical regression methods (lasso, group lasso, least squares, ridge) and uses the dual norm notion. The resulting sparsity is enforced by an intuitive shrinking ratio parameter. Dual-sPLS favorably compares to similar regression methods, on simulated and real chemical data.
•Extends standard PLS1 for regression with dual norm penalization formulations.•Applies to chemometrics issues with (group) lasso, least square and ridge-inspired framework.•Benchmarks simulated and real analytical chemistry data with standard and sparse PLS algorithms.•Balances prediction performance, feature localization and interpretability.
Following the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods to assay the integrity of catecholamine nuclei, including the locus coeruleus (LC), there has been an effort to develop automated ...methods that can accurately segment this small structure in an automated manner to promote its widespread use and overcome limitations of manual segmentation. Here we characterize an automated LC segmentation approach (referred to as the funnel‐tip FT method) in healthy individuals and individuals with LC degeneration in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD, confirmed with tau‐PET imaging using 18FMK6240). The first sample included n = 190 individuals across the AD spectrum from cognitively normal to moderate AD. LC signal assayed with FT segmentation showed excellent agreement with manual segmentation (intraclass correlation coefficient ICC = 0.91). Compared to other methods, the FT method showed numerically higher correlation to AD status (defined by presence of tau: Cohen's d = 0.64) and AD severity (Braak stage: Pearson R = −.35, cognitive function: R = .25). In a separate sample of n = 12 control participants, the FT method showed excellent scan–rescan reliability (ICC = 0.82). In another sample of n = 30 control participants, we found that the structure of the LC defined by FT segmentation approximated its expected shape as a contiguous line: <5% of LC voxels strayed >1 voxel (0.69 mm) from this line. The FT LC segmentation shows high agreement with manual segmentation and captures LC degeneration in AD. This practical method may facilitate larger research studies of the human LC‐norepinephrine system and has potential to support future use of neuromelanin‐sensitive MRI as a clinical biomarker.
The automated segmentation (funnel tip FT) method showed good agreement to manual segmentation in measuring LC signal and LC localization. FT method showed numerically higher correlation to Alzheimer's disease severity measures compared to other segmentation approaches. FT method demonstrated a high scan–rescan reliability and provided a practical method to segment the LC along its full rostrocaudal extent.
To provide evidence-based recommendations updating the 2021 ASCO and Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario) guideline on systemic therapy for patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ...with driver alterations.
ASCO updated recommendations on the basis of an ongoing systematic review of randomized control trials from 2020 to 2021.
This guideline update reflects changes in evidence since the previous update. Two studies provide the evidence base. Outcomes of interest include efficacy and safety.
For patients with an anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement, a performance status (PS) of 0-2, and previously untreated NSCLC, clinicians should offer alectinib or brigatinib or lorlatinib. For patients with an anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement, a PS of 0-2, and previously untreated NSCLC, if alectinib, brigatinib, or lorlatinib are not available, clinicians should offer ceritinib or crizotinib. For patients with a
rearrangement, a PS of 0-2, and previously untreated NSCLC, clinicians may offer selpercatinib or pralsetinib. In second line, for patients with a
rearrangement who have not received RET-targeted therapy, clinicians may offer selpercatinib or pralsetinib.Additional information is available at www.asco.org/thoracic-cancer-guidelines.
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