Needs assessment. Process and application Sullivan, P; Saver, C; Moyer, D ...
Journal of nursing staff development,
1991 Jan-Feb, Letnik:
7, Številka:
1
Journal Article
This article describes the process of developing a learning needs assessment. The process includes developing a tool, collecting data, and analyzing results. Understanding the needs assessment ...process and the pitfalls to avoid may assist educators in implementing their own learning needs assessments.
Compares the theory & reality of agricultural research networks in sub-Saharan Africa, drawing on management literature & field research conducted 1992-1994 comprising interviews with nearly 100 ...scientists & administrators from national agricultural research institutes, international centers, & development assistance organizations, along with donor agency representatives. Networking is a mode of organization that generally suits the new environmental conditions. Analysis shows that when institutional networks started to proliferate, human & institutional conditions were not yet ripe, thus explaining some of the problems. However, conditions have improved; despite difficulties, networks have contributed to creating a scientific community, participated in apportioning & even harmonizing research activities, & made it possible to maintain research activities in countries going through a crisis. 1 Table, 24 References. Adapted from the source document.
Alcohol addiction was associated with high life change and an attenuated perception of life change. The possible association of these factors with the perpetuation of the addiction is discussed.
Crystalline silicon germanium alloys greatly extend the potential of silicon-based electronics. Both electron and hole conduction can be enhanced through control of strain, Ge content, and band-gap ...engineering. Compressive strain results if Si1-xGex is deposited epitaxially on Si1-yGey when x > y, due to the 4.17% mismatch between Ge and Si lattice constants. A compressively strained Si1-xGex layer forms a quantum well for holes. Si1-xGex layers with x up to about 0.5 can be grown pseudomorphically (without relaxing the strain imposed by the substrate) on Si, in thicknesses which are useful for electronic applications. However, pure Ge (x=1) cannot generally be deposited directly on a Si substrate (y=0) without a strain-induced transition to a three-dimensional growth (Stranski-Krastanow) mode after a few monolayers. Furthermore, even in the case of two-dimensional (Frank-van der Merwe) growth there is a limit to how much strain can build up before the strained layer relaxes. Therefore, the epitaxial two-dimensional growth of a strained Ge-rich layer (x~1) of useful thickness directly on a Si substrate is not possible. However, such a layer can be grown on a relaxed Si1-yGey buffer layer, with 0.5 < or = y < 1.0. The band profile in this case is shown in the right-hand panel of Figure 1. The Si substrate plus a relaxed buffer forms a virtual substrate (VS). A VS also allows the growth of a layer under tensile strain (x < y) which creates a quantum well for electrons, as shown. Furthermore, tensile-strained Si surfaces are smoother than unstrained Si surfaces because tension increases the surface step energy.
Following oral administration of MK‐185 to 10 patients with types III, IV, or V hyperlipoproteinemia at doses of 10, 15, and 20 mg. per kilogram per day for a period of 4 weeks at each of the 3 dose ...levels, the serum uric acid decreased significantly with the progression of dosage. A specific metabolic study designed to evaluate the mechanism of this hypouricemic action showed that MK‐185, 20 mg. per kilogram per day for 3 days, produced a gradually increasing (p < 0.05) uricosuria in the 3 patients studied. The results of the other drugs used in metabolic study, namely, probenecid, allopurinol, and clofibrate are discussed in relation to those of MK‐185.
Twenty-four insulin-dependent diabetics, including seven with diabetic diarrhoea, were studied by means of the 14C-glycocholate (14C-GCA) test and various tests for autonomic dysfunction. The breath ...component of het test was abnormal in four of the seven patients with diarrhoea and one of the other diabetics. Three patients with diarrhoea and a positive breath test result responded to antibiotics, whereas two with diarrhoea and a negative test result did not. High faecal 14C, suggesting bile acid malabsorption, was found in only one patient with diarrhoea and he had previously failed to respond to cholestyramine. These results suggest that bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine does occur in some but not all patients with diabetic diarrhoea and that the 14C-GCA test can predict the response to antibiotics. All the patients with diabetic diarrhoea had good evidence of autonomic dysfunction.
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