The Atomki Accelerator Centre Biri, S.; Vajda, I. K.; Hajdu, P. ...
European physical journal plus,
02/2021, Letnik:
136, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In this paper, the Atomki Accelerator Centre (AAC, Debrecen, Hungary) incorporating several small-sized particle accelerators is reviewed. The energy range of our accelerators for proton beam is ...between 50 eV and 20 MeV. The technical and personnel organization of AAC is presented together with the rules of beamtime requests and usage. Three of our accelerators (Cyclotron, ECRIS, Tandetron) are described in detail with their technical descriptions and with the main application fields. As an example for highlights, a series of unique low-energy ion–sample irradiations and post-treatments are shown which, by our hopes and plans, form a bridge between physics and biology.
Gonadotophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) peptide released from the terminal nerve (TN)‐GnRH neurones of the dwarf gourami primarily modifies the electrical properties of various neurones, including the ...TN‐GnRH neurones themselves. However, our knowledge on the expression of GnRH receptors (GnRHRs) in the TN‐GnRH neurones is still limited. Here, we used the single‐cell reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction after whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording to study the distribution of various GnRHR types expressed in the individual TN‐GnRH neurones. We found that TN‐GnRH neurones express two of the three types of GnRHRs cloned in the dwarf gourami: GnRHR1‐2 and ‐R2, but not ‐R1‐1. Furthermore, in agreement with our previous findings, all TN‐GnRH neurones contained mRNAs of salmon GnRH but not chicken GnRH‐II.
Using dental Ti implants has become a well-accepted and used method for replacing missing dentition. It has become evident that in many cases peri-implant inflammation develops. The objective was to ...create and evaluate the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticle (Ag-NP) coated Ti surfaces that can help to prevent such processes if applied on the surface of dental implants.
Annealing I, Ag ion implantation by the beam of an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS), Ag Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), Annealing II procedures were used, respectively, to create a safely anchored Ag-NP layer on 1x1 cm
Grade 2 titanium samples. The antibacterial effect was evaluated by culturing
(ATCC 29213) on the surfaces of the samples for 8 hours, and comparing the results to that of glass as control and of pure titanium samples. Alamar Blue assay was carried out to check cytotoxicity.
It was proved that silver nanoparticles were present on the treated surfaces. The average diameter of the particles was 58 nm, with a 25 nm deviation and Gaussian distribution, the the filling factor was 25%. Antibacterial evaluation revealed that the nanoparticle covered samples had an antibacterial effect of 64.6% that was statistically significant. Tests also proved that the nanoparticles are safely anchored to the titanium surface and are not cytotoxic.
Creating a silver nanoparticle layer can be an option to add antibacterial features to the implant surface and to help in the prevention of peri-implant inflammatory processes. Recent studies demonstrated that silver nanoparticles can induce pathology in mammal cells, thus safe fixation of the particles is essential to prevent them from getting into the circulation.
Abstract During the last quarter of a century a large body of evidence was gathered about the involvement of ion channels in T lymphocyte activation. A series of remarkable findings promoted T cell ...ion channels to become potential pharmaceutical targets in the therapy of autoimmune disorders. Numerous comprehensive reviews describe the types of ion channels found in the plasma membrane of T cells and their roles in signaling pathways leading to activation, the changes in the expression of these channels brought upon by differentiation to various T cell subsets, the formation and possible functions of signaling molecular clusters that include ion channels in the immunological synapse, the discovery and refinement of structurally different ion channel blockers and the successful in vivo application of such compounds to suppress hypersensitivity reactions and autoimmune processes. In this review we wish to provide a concise update on these topics from recent years, highlighting the most notable developments.
In dentistry, it is necessary to increase the bonding strength between various bioinert zirconia ceramics and the luting cement in order to extend the lifetime of the restoration. As a new method, an ...ion source was used to implant silicon ions close to the surface of the zirconium-dioxide on nanoscale to improve chemical bonding in between the bonding agent and the zirconium-dioxide. This paper summarizes the main results of a unique technique to functionalize biomaterial surfaces with silicon ions produced by Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS).
•Surface modification has an important role in the field of dentistry•ECR ion source was used to implant silicon ions into zirconia to modify its surface•Implantation resulted strong bond strength between the bonding agent and zirconia implant
We have investigated the effect of physical properties of 30 nonaqueous solvents on the specificity of Subtilisin Carlsberg for nucleophiles in the transesterification of N-acetyl-l-phenylalanine ...ethyl ester by methanol, 1-propanol, and 1-butanol at fixed thermodynamic water activity. In organic solvents, enzyme activity and nucleophile specificity are solvent-dependent, while in supercritical fluoroform, the activity and specificity are pressure-dependent. Losses in catalytic efficiency and substrate specificity are observed when subtilisin is exposed to hydrophilic organic solvents such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, and acetonitrile as compared to hydrophobic solvents (hexane and heptane). Log P is an important descriptor for correlating both the rate and the specificity of deacylation with solvent properties. A linear model of log initial rate against both log P and nonpolar unsaturated area provides the best two-variable fit to the data for solvents of high log P. A nonlinear model of specificity against log P provides the best fit for the complete data set. Correcting the activity for partitioning of nucleophilic substrates shows a similar trend for the intrinsic activity dependence of nucleophiles as a function of log P. In propane, under subcritical conditions, there is no significant effect of pressure on either the activity or the nucleophilic specificity of subtilisin. In fluoroform, however, where the physical properties of the solvent are pressure-dependent, the specificity of the enzyme is solvent density-dependent.
During the 1970s and 1980s, when death rates were falling in Western Europe, the former socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe experienced decreasing life expectancy, in particular among ...males. Previous studies of the factors associated with these diverging trends have not examined marital status in detail, a factor known to be associated with differences In mortality In other countries. We describe a comparison of patterns of mortality by marital status in Hungary and in England and Wales. This demonstrates that increases in premature mortality in Hungary have been greatest among men who are widowed, have never married and, in particular, are divorced, with married men appearing to have been relatively protected. Among women, the greatest increase has been among widows. We explore competing explanations for this difference and conclude that economic factors are likely to have been of major importance.
PDF
