The ATLAS Forward Proton (AFP) detector consists of two forward detectors located at 205 m and 217 m on either side of the ATLAS experiment. The aim is to measure the momenta and angles of ...diffractively scattered protons. In 2016, two detector stations on one side of the ATLAS interaction point were installed and commissioned. The detector infrastructure and necessary services were installed and are supervised by the Detector Control System (DCS), which is responsible for the coherent and safe operation of the detector. A large variety of used equipment represents a considerable challenge for the AFP DCS design. Industrial Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) product Siemens WinCCOA, together with the CERN Joint Control Project (JCOP) framework and standard industrial and custom developed server applications and protocols are used for reading, processing, monitoring and archiving of the detector parameters. Graphical user interfaces allow for overall detector operation and visualization of the detector status. Parameters, important for the detector safety, are used for alert generation and interlock mechanisms.
We investigated effects of pulsating electromagnetic field (PEMF-50 Hz, 45 +/- 5 mT) on viability and cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors and ...from Crohn's disease patients (CD).
The study was performed after activation of cells with phytohaemaglutinin (PHA) and lipopolisaccharide (LPS). Exposure of PBMC cultures to PEMF from both CD patients and from healthy donors decreased cell's viability of about 10% and 5% (p>0.05) respectively. PEMF influence was most effective after threefold application. Susceptibility of PBMCs to magnetic field exposure differs among the stimulated (PHA, LPS) and not stimulated (NS) cells. Mitogen activated cells during cell division are most susceptible to induction of the cell death as a result of magnetic interaction, contrary PEMF exposure has minimal effect on non-diving PBMCs from CD patients and from controls. Decreased viability of the Crohn derived cells upon magnetic stimulation was accompanied by altered cytokines profile. Exposed and stimulated PBMCs from Crohn patients decreased IFN-gamma proinflammatory and increased IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine production. The electromagnetically induced cell death could be an important step for non-invasive PEMF treatment in chronic inflammatory diseases.
The S-LINK is a standard that defines the source and destination interfaces of a point-to-point data link. This standard is chosen for data transmission between front-end electronics and readout ...systems of some ongoing and future experiments at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. This work presents the S32PCI64 interface that can move data from a 32-bit S-LINK Destination Card to any 32-bit or 64-bit PCI bus running at 33 MHz.
The VME based tester for front-end electronics of the TRT (Transition Radiation Tracker) detector of the ATLAS-LHC experiment at CERN, Geneva, is described. The TRT read-out electronics for 424576 ...proportional tubes grouped on many thousands of cards requires stringent quality control after assembly and during installation. The tester provides all required data, pulses, timing and power supplies for tested cards. The essential part of the tester is its software that allows for device handling as well as facilitates functional and statistical tests. The prototype, present design as well as the new design for mass production tests are discussed.
The end-cap Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT), consisting of 36 modules (wheels), is being constructed as a part of the ATLAS Inner Detector at the CERN LHC. This paper describes a method for ...determining the wire positions inside the straw proportional tubes (SPT), which are the basic building blocks of the ATLAS TRT, with an accuracy of better than
10
μm
. The procedure involves moving a narrow monochromatic X-ray beam across the straw and measuring the counting rate as a function of the position of the X-ray beam in the straw. To achieve this goal, a Beam Directing Device (BDD), providing the possibility to direct the X-ray beam in a chosen direction within some solid angle and supplying an accurate angular measurement system, has been constructed. The results of the wire position measurements performed using this BDD on a full-scale mechanical prototype end-cap wheel of the TRT are presented in this paper.
The hardware for the data sources to be used in the ATLAS trigger demonstrator programme has been designed and built. As a basic element, the SLATE2 module has been used. The S-LINK protocol, as a ...transfering data standard, has been chosen. A cheap implementation of the S-LINK, the "Parallel Electrical S-LINK", has been built. Featuring all the specification laid down in the standard it uses a parallel twisted pair copper cable as a physical layer. A standard SCSI cable has been used. Both the Source and Destination Cards have the same PCB layout. The link may receive 32-bit wide data words at max 40 MHz input rate. Running with 40 MHz link clock, it outputs 32-bit data at a rate of 20 MHz, giving total a bandwidth of 80 MB/s. We report on main characteristics of this implementation. The SLATE2SLINK card has been built to interface the SLATE motherboard to the S-LINK environment. This daughter card is capable to house and independently control 3 S-LINK sites. Running with the 25 MHZ SLATE's clock and 32-bit data, it features total a bandwidth up to 300 MB/s.
A straw tube detector has been built as part of the 1995 upgrade for the DELPHI experiment at LEP. The detector is cylindrical in design, with inner wall and outer wall radii of 25 cm and 30 cm ...respectively. It consists of 960 straws in 5 layers, with a length of 2.1 m, running at atmospheric pressure with a 50:50 argon-ethane gas mixture. The efficiency and spatial resolution arising from the measurement of the drift time have been measured in a test beam. Preliminary results with a full scale prototype and a 2:1 argon-isobutane gas mixture at a gain of 2 × 10
4 give a coordinate resolution of 99 μm per straw, a resolution for a track element in the detector of 49 μm and an efficiency per straw of more than 99%.
The ATLAS Detector Control System Lantzsch, K; Arfaoui, S; Franz, S ...
Journal of physics. Conference series,
01/2012, Letnik:
396, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The ATLAS experiment is one of the multi-purpose experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, constructed to study elementary particle interactions in collisions of high-energy proton ...beams. Twelve different sub detectors as well as the common experimental infrastructure are controlled and monitored by the Detector Control System (DCS) using a highly distributed system of 140 server machines running the industrial SCADA product PVSS. Higher level control system layers allow for automatic control procedures, efficient error recognition and handling, manage the communication with external systems such as the LHC controls, and provide a synchronization mechanism with the ATLAS data acquisition system. Different databases are used to store the online parameters of the experiment, replicate a subset used for physics reconstruction, and store the configuration parameters of the systems. This contribution describes the computing architecture and software tools to handle this complex and highly interconnected control system.
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