Late blowing, a microbiological spoilage in hard and semi-hard cheese caused by
Clostridium
spores in raw milk, results in high economic losses for cheese producers. This study compared the ...sensitivity of the newly developed multiplex qPCR method which employing novel oligonucleotide primers and fluorescent TaqMan probes, and the culture-based most probable number (MPN) method in detecting the late blowing agent Clostridium species in traditional Turkish cheese. A total of 50 naturally contaminated cheese samples obtained from producers were analysed by both methods.
Clostridium tyrobutyricum
was the most common species occurring in 74% of the cheese samples, followed by
C. butyricum
and
C. sporogenes
occurring in 50% and 16% of the samples, respectively. The results of the two methods were consistent in 42 out of the 50 (84%) cheese samples. Our results indicate that the multiplex qPCR method is more sensitive than the MPN method. The multiplex qPCR method provided a favourable alternative to traditional cultural methods. This alternative molecular method has great potential in the laboratory and in the field for the rapid detection of late blowing of cheese samples.
Background:
Since ancient times, human kind has used plants for their flavor and essence and
especially for medical purposes; they are also used as food sources. Turkey, due to its geographical ...location, is home to many varieties of species of medicinal and aromatic plants. Aromatic and medicinal plants
produce essential oils in the form of secondary metabolites. These essential oils are being used in the
food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Due to the various side effects of synthetic agents, the use
of essential oils as antimicrobial agents comes to the fore.
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to determine the essential oil composition of Thymbra spicata
L. var. spicata collected from the Gaziantep Region of Turkey and to evaluate its antimicrobial efficacy
against microorganism species commonly encountered in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
Methods:
In this study, the antimicrobial effect of the volatile oil obtained from dried leaves of Thymbra
spicata L. var. spicata, traditionally known as Zahter, was investigated. For this purpose, volatile oil was
obtained from the leaves of the plant by steam vapor distillation method. Antimicrobial efficacy tests were
conducted against microorganisms; Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus faecalis,
Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus hauseri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, and Candida albicans.
Results:
Results of the experiments showed that the volatile oil obtained from Thymbra spicata L. var.
spicata had a cidal effect on selected pathogenic microorganisms even at low concentrations.
Conclusion:
This study showed that the high carvacrol content of the T. spicata L. var. spicata grown in
the Gaziantep region of Turkey is a promising source of antimicrobial raw materials in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
Late blowing is a type of microbiological spoilage that causes unwanted changes in the taste, odour and texture of cheese due to the metabolic activities of Clostridium contaminating raw milk. This ...study aimed to develop a multiplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis method for the rapid and simultaneous detection of Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium sporogenes and Clostridium tyrobutyricum using specific primers and probes. The optimised method was determined to work with high sensitivity and specificity to quantify late-blowing Clostridium species in cheese samples. The lowest detectable gene copy number was 4.9 × 101, 7.8 × 101 and 8.5 × 101 for C. tyrobutyricum, C. butyricum and C. sporogenes, respectively. These results demonstrated that this method is a powerful tool for detecting and quantifying late-blowing agents in cheese. This is also the first multiplex qPCR study involving C. butyricum for detecting Clostridia, a late-blowing agent in cheese.
•Late-blowing is one of the most important problems of cheese producers.•The culture method does not provide quantitative results at species level.•This qPCR method was able to detect Clostridium species with high sensitivity.•This assay has low detection limit ̴ log10 1.0 CFU/mL.•This assay has the potential as a molecular tool for analyses cheese by rapidly.
In this study, the antibacterial and antifungal properties of the five most commonly used antiseptic formulations were evaluated in terms of different contact times and organic conditions.
Solutions ...of chlorhexidine digluconate, povidone iodine, isopropyl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and tincture of iodine were prepared and tested according to European standards EN 13727 and EN 13624 with different parameters.
The results showed that isopropyl alcohol (70% v/v) and tincture of iodine (2%) had greater bactericidal and fungicidal activity against the four tested bacteria and two fungi in all conditions.
When the results of the five different active substances were quantitatively evaluated regarding their bactericidal and fun-gicidal activities, it was found that contact time and organic load significantly affected the antiseptic efficacy.
In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the change in antimicrobial efficacy related to the presence of the organic load of four different antiseptic solutions that are frequently used in hospitals.
...Solutions of hydrogen peroxide, povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine digluconate, and ethyl alcohol were prepared, tested in terms of antimicrobial efficacy changes in the presence of organic substances, and evaluated according to EN 13727 and EN 13624 standards.
Among the investigated solutions ethanol 70% solution showed the best results by providing a 5-log reduction on all test organisms without affecting by the type and concentration of organic substances. Solutions of hydrogen peroxide 3%, povidone-iodine 7.5%, and chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% performed lower antimicrobial efficacy depending on the concentration of organic load.
It is concluded that the antimicrobial efficacy of antiseptic solutions is significantly affected by the organic substances and thus the proper use of antiseptics has become important to achieve successful disinfection and prevention of antibacterial resistance.
Cosmetotextiles are textile products that release a cosmetic substance or formulation in the application area for cosmetic purposes. Cosmetic substances or formulations loaded carriers such as micro ...or nano-sized microcapsules, microsphere, cyclodextrin, liposome, solid lipid nanoparticles, are attached or processed on textile to prepare cosmetotextiles. As a textile material woven fabric, knitted fabric and non-woven fabrics are used for cosmetotextiles, and within this scope, relevant cosmetic and textile standards and regulations are taken into account in the performance evaluation of products, especially for effectiveness and safety. Important standards for cosmetotextiles include PD CEN/TR 15917:2009, ISO 3175-1, ISO 3758, ISO 6330 and ISO 22716. PD CEN/TR 15917:2009 includes the tests for cosmetic claim substation such as skin moisturizing, body firming, assessment of outer appearance of cellulite etc. The PD CEN/TR 15917:2009 standard specifies the general properties, claimed effects, safety assessment and labeling of slimming, moisturizing and regenerating preparations that fall into the cosmetotextile class. Peer Review History: Received: 13 May 2021; Revised: 19 June; Accepted: 29 June, Available online: 15 July 2021 Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com Dr. Mohamed Salama, Modern University for Technology & Information, Egypt, salama47@yahoo.com
In recent years, developments in the field of cosmetic ingredients especially use of natural sources and carriers systems and the manufacturing methods resulted as an improvement in the effect and ...stability of cosmetics, and thus the performance and component-based multi-functionalities of cosmetic products. Those have partially contributed to the condition-dependent functionality, developments in the field of marketing, monitoring of expectations and their reflection on marketing and the creation of new ideas in the field of claim-driven multi-functionality. Multi-functionality in cosmetic products can be evaluated in four groups. These are performance-based multi-functionality, component-based multi-functionality, conditional multi-functionality and claim-driven multi-functionality. In the first two groups, performance related to formulation and manufacturing comes to the fore, while in the last two, safety becomes important and those are briefly given in this review. Peer Review History: Received: 12 May 2021; Revised: 11 June; Accepted: 25 June, Available online: 15 July 2021 Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Govind Vyas, Compliance & Regulatory Officer Inva-Tech Pharmaceuticals LLC, New-Jersey, USA, govindvyas03@gmail.com Dr. Mohammad Bayan, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, P.O. Box: 1 Philadelphia University 19392 Jordan, mbayan01@qub.ac Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, sally.elzahaby@yahoo.com
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