An increasing numbers of patients are being diagnosed with asymptomatic early-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), with no treatment indication at baseline. We applied a high-throughput ...deep-targeted analysis, especially designed for covering widely TP53 and ATM genes, in 180 patients with inactive disease at diagnosis, to test the independent prognostic value of CLL somatic recurrent mutations. We found that 40/180 patients harbored at least one acquired variant with ATM (n=17, 9.4%), NOTCH1 (n=14, 7.7%), TP53 (n=14, 7.7%) and SF3B1 (n=10, 5.5%) as most prevalent mutated genes. Harboring one 'sub-Sanger' TP53 mutation granted an independent 3.5-fold increase of probability of needing treatment. Those patients with a double-hit ATM lesion (mutation+11q deletion) had the shorter median time to first treatment (17 months). We found that a genomic variable: TP53 mutations, most of them under the sensitivity of conventional techniques; a cell phenotypic factor: CD38-positive expression; and a classical marker as β2-microglobulin, remained as the unique independent predictors of outcome. The high-throughput determination of TP53 status, particularly in this set of patients frequently lacking high-risk chromosomal aberrations, emerges as a key step, not only for prediction modeling, but also for exploring mutation-specific therapeutic approaches and minimal residual disease monitoring.
An abstract of the study on the characterization of two benthic diatoms isolated from Oran coast is presented. Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) are photosynthetic unicellular organisms with silica cell ...walls (frustules) that constitute important primary producers in coastal waters. In Algeria few studies have been made on diatoms, but in 2010 Nehar et al. recorded 10 taxa from El-Hammam stream, a thermal water at Mascara, and the estuary of the Cheliff river at Mostaganem. In this study two strains of benthic diatoms were isolated from coastal water in Oran (Algeria) and maintened by resubculturing in controlled light and temperature conditions. Results showed that both biomass and lipid production were higher under lower incident irradiance of 10 μmol photons m-2-s-1 and 25 μmol photons m-2-s-1 and ranges of lipid production varied from 50 to 600 mg L-1. At 60 μmol photons m-2-s-1, Nitzschia sp. produced the maximum concentration of chlorophyll a, 2.88 pg cell-1 whereas Entomoneis alata produced the maximum amount of chlorophyll a under 25 μmol photons m-2-s-1, 2.68 pg cell-1.
Electrically Activated Paper Actuators Hamedi, Mahiar M.; Campbell, Victoria E.; Rothemund, Philipp ...
Advanced functional materials,
April 19, 2016, Letnik:
26, Številka:
15
Journal Article
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This paper describes the design and fabrication of electrically controlled paper actuators that operate based on the dimensional changes that occur in paper when the moisture absorbed on the surface ...of the cellulose fibers changes. These actuators are called “Hygroexpansive Electrothermal Paper Actuators” (HEPAs). The actuators are made from paper, conducting polymer, and adhesive tape. They are lightweight, inexpensive, and can be fabricated using simple printing techniques. The central element of the HEPAs is a porous conducting path (used to provide electrothermal heating) that changes the moisture content of the paper and causes actuation. This conducting path is made by embedding a conducting polymer (PEDOT:PSS) within the paper, and thus making a paper/polymer composite that retains the porosity and hydrophilicity of paper. Different types of HEPAs (straight, precurved, and creased) achieved different types of motions (e.g., bending motion, accordion type motion). A theoretical model for their behavior is proposed. These actuators have been used for the manipulation of liquids and for the fabrication of an optical shutter.
Hygroexpansive electrothermal paper actuators (HEPAs) are fabricated from paper, conducting polymer and adhesive tape, and operate based on the moisture‐induced dimensional changes of paper. The central element of the HEPAs is a porous conducting path (used to provide electrothermal heating). A theoretical model for their behavior is proposed. These actuators can be used for the manipulation of liquids and for the fabrication of an optical shutter.
Hydrogen production through fuel reforming can be used to improve IC (internal combustion) engines combustion characteristics and to lower vehicle emissions. In this study, a computational fluid ...dynamics (CFD) model based on a detailed kinetic mechanism was developed for exhaust gas reforming of biogas to synthetic gas (H2 and CO). In agreement with experimental data, the reactor's physical and chemical performance was investigated at various O2/CH4 ratios and gas hourly space velocities (GHSV). The numerical results imply that methane reforming reactions are strongly sensitive to O2/CH4 ratio and engine exhaust gas temperature. It was also found that increasing GHSV results in lower hydrogen yield; since dry and steam reforming reactions are relatively slow and are both dependent on the flow residence time. Furthermore, the hot spot effect, which is associated to oxidation reforming reactions, was investigated for catalyst activity and durability.
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•Biogas upgrading to syngas was numerically investigated in oxidative reforming.•The biogas reforming reactor was modelled in CFD that includes reaction kinetics.•The reactants O2/CH4 ratio affects the reactor hot spot thermal characteristics.•GHSV determines the hot spot size and position inside the catalyst of the reactor.
Paper microfluidics and printed electronics have developed independently, and are incompatible in many aspects. Monolithic integration of microfluidics and electronics on paper is demonstrated. This ...integration makes it possible to print 2D and 3D fluidic, electrofluidic, and electrical components on paper, and to fabricate devices using them.
Organic semiconductors are the centerpiece of several vibrant research fields from single‐molecule to organic electronics, and they are finding increasing use in bioelectronics and even classical ...polymer technology. The versatile chemistry and broad range of electronic functionalities of conjugated materials enable the bridging of length scales 15 orders of magnitude apart, ranging from a single nanometer (10−9 m) to the size of continents (106 m). This work provides a taste of the diverse applications that can be realized with organic semiconductors. The reader will embark on a journey from single molecular junctions to thin film organic electronics, supramolecular assemblies, biomaterials such as amyloid fibrils and nanofibrillated cellulose, conducting fibers and yarns for e‐textiles, and finally to power cables that shuffle power across thousands of kilometers.
Organic semiconductors allow the bridging of length scales 15 orders of magnitude apart, ranging from the size of a single molecule to the dimensions of thin‐film electronics, the aspect ratio of nanofibers, the length of conducting fibers and yarns for e‐textiles, and finally the reach of power cables, which can span whole continents.
High-order Flux Reconstruction (FR) schemes can be used to simulate unsteady turbulent flows using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) in the vicinity of complex ...geometries. However, the application of FR can be limited by non-linear instabilities, which can arise from oscillatory behaviour of the underlying polynomial representation of the solution. In this paper, we explore filtering and its parametrization for stabilizing under-resolved simulations of the Navier–Stokes equations. A new exponential filtering operator is proposed, which is normalized by the time-step size and designed to filter high-frequency modes. Over 14,000 numerical tests are then performed to obtain an optimal set of filtering parameters, with the objective being to stabilize while maintaining high-order accuracy. We then verify that these optimal filters converge to super-accuracy for non-linear problems, and compare filtered and unfiltered simulations of the Taylor–Green vortex using both straight and curved meshes, and turbulent channel flow. These demonstrate that the filtered solutions are generally more accurate than unfiltered ones, while still stabilizing previously unstable simulations. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of these filters for more complex flows, specifically a stalled NACA 0020 airfoil.
•The application of high-order methods can be limited by non-linear instabilities.•A new exponential filter is introduced and optimized for large eddy simulation.•As a novel aspect, the strength of this filter is normalized by the time-step size.•Super-accuracy is shown for non-linear problems.•These optimized filters can stabilize previously unstable simulations.
This work describes the adaptive use of conventional stainless steel pins-used in unmodified form or coated with carbon paste-as working, counter, and quasi-reference electrodes in electrochemical ...devices fabricated using cotton thread or embossed omniphobic R(F) paper to contain the electrolyte and sample. For some applications, these pin electrodes may be easier to modify and use than printed electrodes, and their position and orientation can be changed as needed. Electroanalytical devices capable of multiplex analysis (thread-based arrays or 96-well plates) were easily fabricated using pins as electrodes in either thread or omniphobic R(F) paper.
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