Update on Treatment Options for Stuttering Priapism Hammad, Muhammed A. Moukhtar; Soltanzadeh Zarandi, Sina; Barham, David W. ...
Current sexual health reports,
12/2022, Letnik:
14, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Purpose of Review
There is a paucity of peer-reviewed evidence to guide medical management of stuttering priapism. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current understanding regarding the ...pathophysiology of priapism and management options for stuttering priapism.
Recent Findings
Conducting large-scale, randomized, placebo-controlled trials that elucidate the optimal treatment of stuttering priapism is challenging. Therefore, recent treatment guidelines are based upon small case series, retrospective studies, and expert opinions. Nonetheless, multiple compounds from various drug classes have shown promise in treating stuttering priapism, and a few pharmacotherapies such as Crizanlizumab are currently under active investigation.
Summary
Stuttering priapism is an under-investigated disorder with a complex pathophysiology. Currently, there is no wildly adopted universal therapeutic strategy. Further research is warranted to identify the appropriate treatment of stuttering priapism and to determine the long-term side effects of current pharmacotherapies.
Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) is one of the major devastating constraints to soybean production in Pakistan. In the present study, we report the identification of resistant soybean germplasm and a ...novel mutation linked with disease susceptibility. Diverse soybean germplasm were screened to identify YMD-resistant lines under natural field conditions during 2016-2020. The severity of YMD was recorded based on symptoms and was grouped according to the disease rating scale, which ranges from 0 to 5, and named as highly resistant (HR), moderately resistant (MR), resistant (R), susceptible (S), moderately susceptible (MS), and highly susceptible (HS), respectively. A HR plant named "NBG-SG Soybean" was identified, which showed stable resistance for 5 years (2016-2020) at the experimental field of the National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan, a location that is a hot spot area for virus infection. HS soybean germplasm were also identified as NBG-47 (PI628963), NBG-117 (PI548655), SPS-C1 (PI553045), SPS-C9 (PI639187), and cv. NARC-2021. The YMD adversely affected the yield and a significant difference was found in the potential yield of NBG-SG-soybean (3.46 ± 0.13
t/ha) with HS soybean germplasm NARC-2021 (0.44 ± 0.01
t/ha) and NBG-117 (1.12 ± 0.01
t/ha), respectively. The YMD incidence was also measured each year (2016-2020) and data showed a significant difference in the percent disease incidence in the year 2016 and 2018 and a decrease after 2019 when resistant lines were planted. The resistance in NBG-SG soybean was further confirmed by testing for an already known mutation (SNP at 149
position) for YMD in the
gene of soybean. The susceptible soybean germplasm in the field was found positive for the said mutation. Moreover, an ortholog of the
viral resistance gene from black gram was identified in soybean as
, which has a novel deletion (28bp/90bp) in the 5`UTR of susceptible germplasm. The characterized soybean lines from this study will assist in starting soybean breeding programs for YMD resistance. This is the first study regarding screening and molecular analysis of soybean germplasm for YMD resistance.
Background
To‐date there have been minimal studies to investigate an association between the gut microbiome and erectile dysfunction. There have been many inflammatory diseases linked to gut ...microbiome dysbiosis; such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. These same inflammatory diseases have been heavily linked to erectile dysfunction. Given the correlations between both conditions and cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome, we believe that it is worthwhile to investigate a link between the two.
Objective
To investigate the potential association between the gut microbiome and erectile dysfunction.
Methods
Stool samples were collected from 28 participants with erectile dysfunction and 32 age‐matched controls. Metatranscriptome sequencing was used to analyze the samples.
Results
No significant differences were found in the gut microbiome characteristics, including Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes richness (p = 0.117), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes diversity (p = 0.323), species richness (p = 0.364), and species diversity (p = 0.300), between the erectile dysfunction and control groups.
Discussion
The association of gut microbiome dysbiosis and pro‐inflammatory conditions has been well studied and further literature continues to add to this evidence. Our main limitation for this study was our small‐sample size due to recruitment issues. We believe that a study with a larger population size may find an association between the gut microbiome and erectile dysfunction.
Conclusions
The results of this study do not support a significant association between the gut microbiome and erectile dysfunction. Further research is needed to fully understand the relationship between these two conditions.
Coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe pandemic affecting millions worldwide. Due to its rapid evolution, researchers have been working on developing diagnostic approaches to suppress ...its spread. This study presents an effective automated approach based on genomic image processing (GIP) techniques to rapidly detect COVID-19, among other human CoV diseases, with high acceptable accuracy. The GIP technique was applied as follows: first, genomic graphical mapping techniques were used to convert the genome sequences into genomic grayscale images. The frequency chaos game representation (FCGR) and single gray-level representation (SGLR) techniques were used in this investigation. Then, several statistical features were obtained from the images to train and test many classifiers, including the k-nearest neighbors (KNN). This study aimed to determine the efficacy of the FCGR (with different orders) and SGLR images for accurately detecting COVID-19,using a dataset containing both partial and complete genome sequences. The results recommended the fourth-order FCGR image as a proper genomic image for extracting statistical features and achieving accurate classification. Furthermore, the results showed that KNN achieved an overall accuracy of 99.39% in detecting COVID-19, among other human CoV diseases, with 99.48% precision, 99.31% sensitivity, 99.47% specificity, 0.99 F1-score, and 0.99 Matthew's correlation coefficient.
Importance: Prostate cancer remains as one of the most common malignancies in men in the United States. Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) is known to improve functional and sexual outcomes in ...hypogonadal men. TRT historically has been contraindicated for the management of hypogonadism in men with prostate cancer (PC). In 2020, our team demonstrated in a cohort of 850 men that TRT reduced biochemical recurrence (BCR) by 53% (median follow-up 3.5 yrs.). The present study extends the median follow-up time up to 5.84 years 4.18; 7.24.Objective: This study mainly aims to investigate the utility of TRT to reduce BCR.Methods: A retrospective review of prospectively collected data between December 2009 and June 2018 undergoing robotic radical prostatectomy by a single surgeon was conducted. 152 patients who had TRT post-RP with a cFT (below 25%) were frequency-matched to 420 patients not receiving TRT with respect to pathological stage (p-stage) and Gleason Grade Group (GGG). Furthermore, the TRT group was propensity-score matched to 304 patients. Propensity scores were calculated using a multivariable logistic model that incorporated the following variables: age, BMI, Gleason group, PSA, SHIM, prostate size, pathological stage, total testosterone (TT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and free testosterone (FT). Biochemical recurrence (BCR) was defined as two consecutive prostate specific antigen (PSA) blood tests >0.2 ng/mL. A cox regression model and Kaplan-Meier (KM) graphs were used to analyze rate and time to BCR. We also used our cox regression model of the time to BCR with truncated time of 10.32 to calculate restricted mean survival time (RMST) for the TRT vs no-TRT groups.Results: With propensity-score matching, there were no baseline differences in demographics observed except in TT (p-value= <0.001), cFT (p-value <0.001), and follow-up time (p-value = 0.004). In the cox regression multivariate analysis of the propensity- scored matched control, patients with a higher calculated free testosterone were less likely to have a BCR (p-value= 0.013). In the same analysis, patients with a higher GGG, p-stage, and preoperative PSA (p-value= <0.001) were more likely to have a BCR. Patients receiving TRT had 47% reduction in BCR rates (p-value = 0.011) after a median follow-up time of 5.84 4.18;7.24 years. Furthermore, our 10-year cox regression model for the time to BCR showed RMST difference between the TRT and no-TRT groups: in patients who did recur, patients on TRT had an increased latency of 0.44 years.Conclusion and Relevance: With the long-term follow-up, TRT was observed to have a continuing protective effect in preventing and delaying BCR in patients post-RARP when compared to patients who did not receive TRT.
Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new pandemic that appeared at the end of March 2019 in Wuhan city, China, which affected millions worldwide. COVID-19 is caused by the novel severe ...acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) epidemic. Also, several viral epidemics have been listed in the last two decades, like the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV) and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARSCoV-1), which cause MERS, and SARS diseases, respectively. Detection of these viral epidemics is a difficult issue because of their genetic similarity. In this paper, an effective automated system was developed to classify these viral epidemics using their complete genomic sequences via the genomic image processing techniques to facilitate the diagnosis and increase the detection accuracy in a short time. Results achieved an overall accuracy of 100% using two classifiers: SVM and KNN. However, the KNN classifier shows a privilege over the SVM in the execution time performance.
Our aim was to determine if the AUA-recommended prophylaxis (vancomycin + gentamicin alone) for primary inflatable penile prosthesis surgery is associated with a higher infection risk than ...nonstandard regimens.
We performed a multicenter, retrospective study of patients undergoing primary inflatable penile prosthesis surgery. Patients were divided into those receiving vancomycin + gentamicin alone and those receiving any other regimen. A Cox proportional-hazards model was constructed adjusted for major predictors. A subgroup analysis to identify the appropriate dosage of gentamicin was also performed.
A total of 4,161 patients underwent primary inflatable penile prosthesis placement (2,411 received vancomycin + gentamicin alone and 1,750 received other regimens). The infection rate was similar between groups, 1% vs 1.2% for standard vs nonstandard prophylaxis. In the multivariable analysis, vancomycin + gentamicin (HR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4 to 5.4,
= .004) and diabetes (HR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.03 to 3.4,
= .04) were significantly associated with a higher risk of infection. Antifungals (HR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.19,
< .001) were associated with lower risk of infection. There was no statistically significant difference in infection rate between weight-based gentamicin compared to 80 mg gentamicin (HR: 2.9, 95% CI: 0.83 to 10,
= .1).
Vancomycin + gentamicin alone for antibiotic prophylaxis for primary inflatable penile prosthesis surgery is associated with a higher infection risk than nonstandard antibiotic regimens while antifungal use is associated with lower infection risk. A critical review of the recommended antimicrobial prophylactic regimens is needed. Prospective research is needed to further elucidate best practices in inflatable penile prosthesis antimicrobial prophylaxis.
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