We demonstrate that photonic media, when properly randomized to minimize the photon transport mean free path, can be used to coat a black substrate and reduce its temperature by radiative cooling. ...Even under strong solar radiation, the substrate temperature could reach substantially below that of the ambient air. Our random media that consist of silica microspheres considerably outperform commercially available solar-reflective white paint for daytime cooling. We have achieved the outstanding cooling performance through a systematic study on light scattering, which reveals that the structural parameters of the random media for maximum scattering are significantly different from those of the commercial paint. We have created the random media to maximize optical scattering in the solar spectrum and to enhance thermal emission in the atmospheric transparency window. In contrast to previous studies, our random media do not require expensive processing steps or materials, such as silver, and can be applied to almost any surface in a paint format. The facile and scalable processing steps for our random media point to the possibility that low-cost coatings can be used for efficient radiative cooling.
Adipose tissue inflammation is often a consequence of obesity and is characterized by infiltration and activation of immune cells that overproduce cytokines and chemokines. This apparent loss of ...immune regulation in obese adipose tissue contributes to the ongoing chronic inflammation that is thought to promote the degradation of metabolic parameters in obesity. Much recent work has sought to identify the immune cell subsets that are involved in adipose tissue inflammation, understand the mechanisms by which adipose tissue inflammation develops, and develop immunotherapeutic strategies to reverse this process. In this review, we describe the known mechanisms that underlie the loss of immune regulation in obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation and set the stage for the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
Aims
We aimed to explore Yarrowia lipolytica carbonyl reductases as effective biocatalysts and to develop efficient asymmetric reduction systems for chiral alcohol synthesis.
Methods and Results
...Yarrowia lipolytica carbonyl reductase genes were obtained via homologous sequence amplification strategy. Two carbonyl reductases, YaCRI and YaCRII, were identified and characterized, and used to catalyse the conversion of 2‐hydroxyacetophenone (2‐HAP) to optically pure (S)‐1‐phenyl‐1,2‐ethanediol. Enzymatic assays revealed that YaCRI and YaCRII exhibited specific activities of 6·96 U mg−1 (99·8% e.e.) and 7·85 U mg−1 (99·9% e.e.), respectively, and showed moderate heat resistance at 40–50°C and acid tolerance at pH 5·0–6·0. An efficient whole‐cell two‐phase system was established using reductase‐expressing recombinant Escherichia coli. The conversion of 2‐HAP (20·0 g l−1) conversion with the solvent of dibutyl phthalate was approximately 70‐fold higher than in water. Furthermore, the two recombinant E. coli displayed biocatalyst activity and enantioselectivity towards several different carbonyl compounds, and E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET‐28a‐yacrII showed a broad substrate spectrum.
Conclusions
A new whole‐cell recombinant E. coli‐based bioreduction system for enantiopure alcohol synthesis with high enantioselectivity at high substrate concentrations was developed.
Significance and Impact of the Study
We proposed a promising approach for the efficient preparation of enantiopure chiral alcohols.
The tumour microenvironment consists of a complex mixture of non‐neoplastic cells, including fibroblasts, immune cells and endothelial cells embedded in the proteins of the extracellular matrix. The ...tumour microenvironment plays an active role in tumour behaviour. By interacting with cancer cells, it influences disease progression and the metastatic capacity of the tumour. Tumours with a high amount of stroma correspond to poor patient prognosis. The tumour–stroma ratio (TSR) is a strong independent prognostic tool in colon cancer and provides additional value to the current clinically used tumour–node–metastasis classification. The TSR is assessed on conventional haematoxylin and eosin‐stained paraffin sections at the invasive front of the tumour. Here we review studies demonstrating the prognostic significance of the TSR in solid epithelial tumours with a focus on colon cancer. Moreover, the biological role of the tumour microenvironment during tumour progression and invasion will be discussed, as well as the attempts to target the tumour stroma for therapeutic purposes. We suggest that the TSR can be implemented with little effort and without additional costs in current routine pathology diagnostics owing to its simplicity and reliability.
The appropriate design and evaluation of a rainwater harvesting (RWH) system is necessary to improve system performance and the stability of the water supply. The main design parameters (DPs) of an ...RWH system are rainfall, catchment area, collection efficiency, tank volume and water demand. Its operational parameters (OPs) include rainwater use efficiency (RUE), water saving efficiency (WSE) and cycle number (CN). The sensitivity analysis of a rooftop RWH system’s DPs to its OPs reveals that the ratio of tank volume to catchment area (V/A) for an RWH system in Seoul, South Korea is recommended between 0.03 and 0.08 in terms of rate of change in RUE. The appropriate design value of V/A is varied with D/A. The extra tank volume up to V/A of 0.15∼0.2 is also available, if necessary to secure more water. Accordingly, we should figure out suitable value or range of DPs based on the sensitivity analysis to optimize design of an RWH system or improve operation efficiency. The operational data employed in this study, which was carried out to validate the design and evaluation method of an RWH system, were obtained from the system in use at a dormitory complex at Seoul National University (SNU) in Korea. The results of these operational data are in good agreement with those used in the initial simulation. The proposed method and the results of this research will be useful in evaluating and comparing the performance of RWH systems. It is found that RUE can be increased by expanding the variety of rainwater uses, particularly in the high rainfall season.
► We define the design and operation parameters (DPs & OPs) for rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS). ► The sensitivity analysis of DPs to its OPs should be emphasized to design a rooftop RWHS. ► The appropriate range or value of DPs can be recommended based on sensitivity analysis. ► Case study reveals the effectiveness of a water-balance based simulation model on RWHS design.
Thioethers: An Overview Han, M İhsan; Küçükgüzel, Ş Güniz
Current drug targets,
01/2022, Letnik:
23, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Spreading rapidly in recent years, cancer has become one of the causes of the highest mortality rates after cardiovascular diseases. The reason for cancer development is still not clearly understood ...despite enormous research activities in this area. Scientists are now working on the biology of cancer, especially on the root cause of cancer development. The aim is to treat the cancer disease and thus cure the patients. The continuing efforts for the development of novel molecules as potential anti-cancer agents are essential for this purpose. The main aim of this review was to present a survey on the medicinal chemistry of thioethers and provide practical data on their cytotoxicities against various cancer cell lines. The research articles published between 2001-2020 were consulted to prepare this review article; however, patent literature has not been included. The thioether-containing heterocyclic compounds may emerge as a new class of potent and effective anti-cancer agents in the future.
A normally developed placenta is integral to a successful pregnancy. Preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are two common pregnancy related complications that maybe a result of ...abnormal placental development. Placental microRNAs (miRNAs) have been investigated as potential biomarkers for these complications, as they may play a role in placental development and pathophysiology by influencing gene expression. The purpose of this study is to utilize next-generation sequencing to determine miRNA and gene expression in human placental (chorionic villous) samples from three distinct patient groups with early-onset (EO) PE, IUGR, or PE + IUGR.
Placental tissues were collected from four patient groups (control N = 21, EO-PE N = 20, EO-IUGR N = 18, and EO-PE + IUGR N = 20), and total RNA was used for miRNA and RNA sequencing on the Illumina Hiseq2000 platform. For stringent differential expression analysis multiple analysis programs were used to analyze both expression datasets in each patient group compared to gestational age-matched controls.
Analysis revealed miRNAs and genes that are disease-specific, as well as others that were common between disease groups, which suggests common underlying placental pathologies in EO-PE and EO-IUGR. More specifically, 6 miRNAs and 22 genes were identified to be differentially expressed in all three patient groups. In addition, integrative analysis between the miRNA and gene expression datasets revealed candidate gene targets for miRNAs of interest.
Integration of miRNA and RNA profiling in the same three subgroups of pregnancy complications, provides an alternate level of molecular information, in addition it can be used to better understand both unique and common molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of these diseases.
Established in 1989, The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database is one of the most comprehensive clinical data registries in health care. It is widely regarded as the gold ...standard for benchmarking risk-adjusted outcomes in cardiac surgery and is the foundation for all quality measurement and improvement activities of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. This is the second in a series of annual reports that summarizes current aggregate national outcomes in cardiac surgery and reviews database-related activities in the areas of quality measurement and performance improvement during the past year.
This review explains the effects of naproxen and the naproxen moiety in important biological activities. Naproxen, 2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propionic acid, is one of the most utilized propionic ...acid derivatives to the cure of many injuries or pains. Naproxen is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), which is generally used among the NSAIDs. Even though it has gastrointestinal side effects, naproxen has been safely used for many years because of the good cardiovascular sight. In the past years, except for anti-inflammatory effects, other pharmacological activities of naproxen, especially anticancer and antimicrobial activities, gain the attention of researchers. Naproxen shows its activity by inhibiting the COX-2 enzyme. There is significant interest in the possibility that COX-2 inhibitors might retard or prevent the development of various cancer types, which is often characterized by COX-2 expression. The activities of both naproxen and new molecules derived from naproxen were frequently investigated.
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