Advanced oxidation processes have gained significant attention for treating tetracycline (TC) and oxytetracycline (OTC), however, their oxidation using the photo-Fenton process has not been ...sufficiently studied. Although degradations of TC and OTC were enhanced by increasing H2O2 and Fe2+ within the ranges investigated (H2O2 = 20–50 mg/L and Fe = 1–10 mg/L) under UV irradiation, further experiments for the photo-Fenton process were conducted with 20 mg/L of H2O2 and 5 mg/L of Fe2+ to balance efficiency and cost. The photo-Fenton process (UV/H2O2/Fe2+) was shown to be more effective to remove TC and OTC than H2O2, ultraviolet (UV), and UV/H2O2 at the same doses of oxidants. Inorganic anions and cations were shown to inhibit the degradation of TC and OTC during the photo-Fenton process, in the following order: HPO42- > HCO3− ≫ SO42- > Cl− and Cu2+ ≫ Ca2+ > Na+. The TC and OTC degradation are generally improved by increasing pH, which is opposite to the kpCBA,obs values, caused by increasing the deprotonation degree of TC and OTC. Four and nine transformation products of TC and OTC, respectively, were detected over the treatment period. Among the transformation products, m/z 443.14 (C22H22N2O8) formed during TC degradation, and m/z 433.16 (C20H20N2O9) and m/z 415.15 (C20H18N2O8) formed during OTC degradation, were reported for the first time. Vibrio fischeri toxicity assessment indicated that the inhibition ratio was decreased with a decreasing TC concentration, while, OTC transformation lead to higher toxicity. The product (m/z 477.15b) was determined to be the compound causing toxicity during degradation of OTC by using the quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR). This toxic transformation product caused higher inhibition ratios than its parental compound (OTC), but its further oxidization resulted in decreasing the inhibition ratios.
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•TC(OTC) degradation were strongly inhibited by HPO42-, HCO3−, and Cu2+.•Increasing deprotonation of TC(OTC) enhanced oxidation at high pH despite low HO.•.•Transformation products (m/z 443.14 TC, 433.16 and 415.15 OTC) were newly observed.•V. fischeri toxicity decreased by decreasing TC conc., while OTC became more toxic.•More toxic transformation product (m/z 477.15) from OTC was found by QSAR analysis.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is common polymer for electrospinning, however, its high hydrophobicity is a major drawback, which cause fouling. To introduce hydrophilicity and antibacterial ...activity, quaternary ammonium-functionalized amphiphilic diblock copolymers were synthesized and blended with a PVDF/graphene oxide (GO) solution, then, electrospun and coated with a hydrophilic polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The amphiphilic block copolymer, consisting of a hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) block and a hydrophilic polyN,N-2-(dimethylamino)-ethyl methacrylate) block (PMMA-b-PDMAEMA), was synthesized. Polymeric quaternary ammonium with three different alkyl chain lengths (C
, C
, and C
) were successfully introduced to obtain as q-PMMA-b-PDMAEMA. The q-PMMA-b-PDMAEMA in the nanofiber matrix was confirmed by C=O bands (1734 cm
) in the Fourier transform infrared spectra. Nano-sized spherical protuberances were distributed on the surface as revealed by field emission scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The PVDF/GO/q-PMMA-b-PDMAEMA@PVA nanofibers has superhydrophilic properties (water contact angle = 0-20°) and the pure water flux was generally improved by increasing the alkyl chain length. When introducing the longest alkyl chain (C
), the total fouling ratio was the lowest (49.99%) and the bacteria removal capacities after 60 min were the highest for both Escherichia coli (4.2 × 10
CFU/mg) and Staphylococcus aureus (6.1 × 10
CFU/mg) via growth inhibition and cytoplasmic membrane damage.
Non-operative treatment is the mainstay of colonic diverticulitis, but some patients require surgery due to non-operative treatment failure. This study aims to identify risk factors for the failure ...of non-operative treatment of colonic diverticulitis. From January 2011 to December 2020, we retrospectively reviewed 2362 patients with non-operative treatment for first-attack acute diverticulitis. Patients were categorized into non-operative treatment success or failure groups. Clinical characteristics and serum inflammatory markers were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression to determine risk factors for non-operative treatment failure of colonic diverticulitis. Overall, 2.2% (n = 50) of patients underwent delayed surgery within 30 days (median 4.0 3.0; 8.0) due to non-operative treatment failure. Multivariable logistic regression identified that platelet to lymphocyte ratio (odds ratio OR, 4.2; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.05-0.13; p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 0.01-0.09; p = 0.025), left-sided colonic diverticulitis (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 0.04-0.13; p < 0.001), and modified Hinchey classification (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 0.09-0.17; p < 0.001) were risk factors for non-operative treatment failure. Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a potential risk factor for the non-operative treatment failure of acute first-attack colonic diverticulitis. Therefore, patients with higher PLR during non-operative treatment should be monitored with special caution.
Metformin is associated with good tumor response in preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for rectal cancer. This study aims to demonstrate that the timing of metformin is related to the ...tumor response on preoperative CCRT for rectal cancer. From January 2010 to December 2017, 232 patients who underwent curative resection after preoperative CCRT were reviewed. Patients were divided into groups with or without diabetes or metformin. The timing of metformin administration was divided based on before and from initiation of CCRT. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors for tumor response. Tumor downstaging (p = 0.02) and good response rates of tumor regression grade (TRG) (p = 0.008) were significantly higher in the group administered metformin before CCRT than other groups. In the multivariate analysis, metformin administration before CCRT was a significant factor in predicting tumor downstaging odds ratio (OR) 10.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.76-102.08, p = 0.02 and good TRG (OR 12.55, 95% CI 2.38-80.24, p = 0.004). In patients with rectal cancer who underwent preoperative CCRT, neoadjuvant therapy of metformin before CCRT was significantly associated with good tumor response.
SIRT1, a member of the mammalian sirtuin family, is a nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase with key roles in aging-related diseases and cellular senescence. However, the ...mechanism by which SIRT1 protein homeostasis is controlled under senescent conditions remains elusive. Here, we revealed that SIRT1 protein is significantly downregulated due to ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation during stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) and that SIRT1 physically associates with anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a multisubunit E3 ubiquitin ligase. Ubiquitin-dependent SIRT1 degradation is stimulated by the APC/C coactivator Cdh1 and not by the coactivator Cdc20. We found that Cdh1 depletion impaired the SIPS-promoted downregulation of SIRT1 expression and reduced cellular senescence, likely through SIRT1-driven p53 inactivation. In contrast, AROS, a SIRT1 activator, reversed the SIRT1 degradation induced by diverse stressors and antagonized Cdh1 function through competitive interactions with SIRT1. Furthermore, our data indicate opposite roles for Cdh1 and AROS in the epigenetic regulation of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype genes IL-6 and IL-8. Finally, we demonstrated that pinosylvin restores downregulated AROS (and SIRT1) expression levels in bleomycin-induced mouse pulmonary senescent tissue while repressing bleomycin-promoted Cdh1 expression. Overall, our study provides the first evidence of the reciprocal regulation of SIRT1 stability by APC/C-Cdh1 and AROS during stress-induced premature senescence, and our findings suggest pinosylvin as a potential senolytic agent for pulmonary fibrosis.
The routine use of high-intensity statins should be considered carefully in elderly patients because of their higher risk of intolerance or adverse events.
We evaluated the impact of ...moderate-intensity statin with ezetimibe combination therapy compared with high-intensity statin monotherapy in elderly patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).
In this post hoc analysis of the RACING (RAndomized Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Lipid-lowerING With Statin Monotherapy Versus Statin/Ezetimibe Combination for High-risk Cardiovascular Diseases) trial, patients were stratified by age (≥75 years and <75 years). The primary endpoint was a 3-year composite of cardiovascular death, major cardiovascular events, or nonfatal stroke.
Among the 3,780 enrolled patients, 574 (15.2%) were aged ≥75 years. The rates of the primary endpoint were not different between the moderate-intensity statin with ezetimibe combination therapy group and the high-intensity statin monotherapy group among patients aged ≥75 years (10.6% vs 12.3%; HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.54-1.42; P = 0.581) and those <75 years (8.8% vs 9.4%; HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.74-1.18; P = 0.570) (P for interaction = 0.797). Moderate-intensity statin with ezetimibe combination therapy was associated with lower rates of intolerance-related drug discontinuation or dose reduction among patients aged ≥75 years (2.3% vs 7.2%; P = 0.010) and those <75 years (5.2% vs 8.4%; P < 0.001) (P for interaction = 0.159).
Moderate-intensity statin with ezetimibe combination therapy showed similar cardiovascular benefits to those of high-intensity statin monotherapy with lower intolerance-related drug discontinuation or dose reduction in elderly patients with ASCVD having a higher risk of intolerance, nonadherence, and discontinuation with high-intensity statin therapy. (RAndomized Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Lipid-lowerING With Statin Monotherapy Versus Statin/Ezetimibe Combination for High-risk Cardiovascular Diseases RACING Trial; NCT03044665)
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•The N-doping can improve the As adsorption performance of carbon-based materials.•The material features high micro- and small meso-pores with exceptional surface area.•Pyrrolic N ...atoms distributed uniformly on the micropores act as adsorption sites.•The synthesis temperature affected pore properties and surface functional groups.
Arsenic in water and wastewater is considered to be a critical contaminant as it poses harmful health risks. In this regard, to meet the stringent regulation of arsenic in aqueous solutions, nitrogen doped carbon-based materials (CN) were prepared as adsorbents and tested for the removal of arsenic ion from aqueous solutions. Nitrogen-doped carbon (CNs) synthesized by chlorination exhibited well-developed micro- and small meso-pores with uniform pore structures. The structure and characteristics of the adsorbents thus developed were confirmed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Among the CNs developed, CN700 exhibited high adsorption capacity for arsenic (31.08mg/g). The adsorption efficiency for arsenic ion was confirmed to be affected by pyrrolic nitrogen and micro-pores. These results suggest that CNs are useful adsorbents for the treatment of arsenic, and in particular, CN700 demonstrates potential for application as an adsorbent for the removal of anionic heavy metals from wastewater and sewage.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of intraoperative fluid volume on the postoperative ileus (POI) recovery period. A retrospective review of the Korean robot-assisted radical cystectomy ...database identified 718 patients who underwent robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC). Regression analyses were performed to identify the associations between the amount of intraoperative fluid administration (crystalloid/colloid/total), POI period (time to flatus/bowel movements), and length of hospital stay (LOS) after adjusting for covariates. In addition, we analyzed the risk factors for gastrointestinal complications and prolonged POI using a logistic regression model. An increasing volume of the administered crystalloid/total fluid was associated with prolonged POI (crystalloid R
= 0.0725 and P < 0.0001; total amount R
= 0.0812 and P < 0.0001), and the total fluid volume was positively associated with the LOS (R
= 0.099 and P < 0.0001). The crystalloid amount was a risk factor for prolonged POI (P < 0.001; odds ratio, 1.361; 95% confidence interval, 1.133-1.641; P < 0.001). In the context of RARC, increased intravenous fluids are associated with prolonged POI and longer LOS.
► We synthesize a magnetite-loaded mesocellular carbonaceous material, Fe3O4/MSU-F-C. ► Fe3O4/MSU-F-C exhibits superior activity as both a Fenton catalyst and an adsorbent. ► Fe3O4/MSU-F-C is easily ...separable from water by its strong magnetic property.
A magnetite-loaded mesocellular carbonaceous material, Fe3O4/MSU-F-C, exhibited superior activity as both a Fenton catalyst and an adsorbent for removal of phenol and arsenic, and strong magnetic property rendering it separable by simply applying magnetic field. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, the catalytic process by Fe3O4/MSU-F-C completely oxidized phenol and As(III) under the conditions where commercial iron oxides showed negligible effects. Notably, the decomposition of H2O2 by Fe3O4/MSU-F-C was not faster than those by commercial iron oxides, indicating that hydroxyl radical produced via the catalytic process by Fe3O4/MSU-F-C was used more efficiently for the oxidation of target contaminants compared to the other iron oxides. The homogeneous Fenton reaction by the dissolved iron species eluted from Fe3O4/MSU-F-C was insignificant. At relatively high doses of Fe3O4/MSU-F-C, total concentration of arsenic decreased to a significant extent due to the adsorption of arsenic on the catalyst surface. The removal of arsenic by adsorption was found to proceed via preoxidation of As(III) into As(V) and the subsequent adsorption of As(V) onto the catalyst.
Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) membranes have attracted significant attention for water purification owing to their ultra-high water permeability and antibacterial properties. In this ...paper, we critically review the recent progresses in the synthesis of VACNT arrays and fabrication of VACNT membrane methods, with particular emphasis on improving water permeability and anti-biofouling properties. Furthermore, potential applications of VACNT membranes other than water purification (e.g., conductive membranes, electrodes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and solar electricity–water generators) have been introduced. Finally, future outlooks are provided to overcome the limitations of commercialization and desalination currently faced by VACNT membranes. This review will be useful to researchers in the broader scientific community as it discusses current and new trends regarding the development of VACNT membranes as well as their potential applications.
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