Abstract Our latest study indicated that ethanol could attenuate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury through activating Ionotropic glutamate receptors Kainate Family (Gluk1)–kainate ...(KA) receptors and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. However, the possible mechanism of the neuroprotective effects of ethanol remains unclear. In this study we report that ethanol shows neuroprotective effects against ischemic brain injury through enhancing GABA release and then decreasing c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) activation. Electrophysiologic recording indicated that ethanol enhances GABA release from presynaptic neurons and the released GABA subsequently inhibits the KA receptor–mediated whole-cell currents. Moreover, our data show that ethanol can inhibit the increased assembly of the Gluk2–PSD-95–MLK3 (postsynaptic density protein-95, PSD-95 and mixed-lineage kinase 3, MLK3) module induced by cerebral ischemia and the activation of the MLK3-MKK4/7-JNK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4/7, MKK4/7) cascade. Pretreatment of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline and antagonist of VGCC (a broad-spectrum blocker of the voltage-gated calcium channel VGCC) Chromic (CdCl2 ) can demolish the neuroprotective effects of ethanol. The results suggest that during ischemia-reperfusion, ethanol may activate presynaptic Gluk1-KA and facilitate Ca2+ -dependent GABA release. The released GABA activates postsynaptic GABAA receptors, which suppress the ischemic depolarization and decrease the association of signaling module Gluk2–PSD-95–MLK3 induced by the activation of postsynaptic Gluk2-KA receptors. There is a raised possibility that ethanol inhibiting the JNK3 apoptotic pathway (MLK3/MKK4/7/JNK3/c-Jun/Fas-L) performs a neuroprotective function against ischemic brain injury.
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•H2O form earlier than N2 at low temperature and the opposite is true at high heat.•Intermolecular hydrogen transfer occurs during the initial phase of the reaction.•Clusters cause ...theeasy existence of N2, but the nitrogen oxides are the opposite.•The Ea of the initial decomposition reaction of LLM-105 we got is 167.9 kJ/mol.
As one of the important high energetic insensitive explosives, LLM-105 has attracted considerably attention. In this work, the thermal decomposition of LLM-105 was analyzed at 2000, 2250, 2500, 2750, 3000, 3250, and 3500 K. Reaction times were controlled to be 200 ps. The results showed that the main small molecule products in this reaction stage were H2O, N2, CO2, and H2. At low temperatures, water molecules form earlier than nitrogen ones, while the opposite is found at high temperatures. In the initial stage of the reaction, LLM-105 often undergoes a large amount of intermolecular H-transfer and dimerization, and this phenomenon is significantly reduced as the temperature rises. On the other hand, LLM-105 itself is very easy to polymerize to form clusters, and its cyclic structure is more likely to form a macromolecular cluster by diverse linkages (e.g. CNNC). As the reaction progresses, the atoms of H, O, and N gradually escape from the cluster structure, but most of the oxygen atoms stay stable. The activation energy of the initial decomposition reaction of LLM-105 is 167.9 kJ/mol, which is in a reasonable range.
Abstract
Background
Self-care behaviors during pregnancy significantly impacts mother and children's health. This study aimed to explore the self-care behaviors and the associations of these ...behaviors with the psychological well-being of women during pregnancy, as well as the mediating effects of different social support with these associations.
Methods
A cross-sectional data of 562 pregnant women at Hanoi Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital and Ca Mau Obstetrics & Pediatrics in Vietnam were analyzed. Questions about self-care behaviors, pregnancy characteristics, social support, and psychological well-being were asked. Multivariate regression models were performed. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to test the mediating effects of different social support with the association between self-care behaviors and psychological well-being.
Findings
Only 13% of pregnant women often or always did physical exercise at least three times a week, and 40% consumed enough fiber and five servings of vegetables a day. Only 78.7% always avoided alcohol drinking, and 53.9% of pregnant women avoided being exposed to second-hand smoking and 71,7% avoided using traditional medicine without physicians’ prescriptions. Around 66% of pregnant women always or often had prenatal care checkups as scheduled. Information sources, social support and childbirth expectation were major drivers for self-care practices. SEM model showed that social support mediated the relationship between maternal health behaviors and mental well-being.
Conclusion
This study highlighted the remarkable gaps in self-care practices among our pregnant women, which were significantly associated with their mental well-being. Social support-oriented consultancy and interventions should be warranted for improving behaviors and the mental well-being of pregnant women in Vietnam.
An approach to analyzing three-dimensional vertical rolling is presented on the basis of energy method. The double parabola function model is applied to describe dog bone shape in the deformed region ...between the vertical rolls. The DSF (dual stream function) method is utilized to obtain three-dimensional velocity and strain rate fields. The values of dog bone shape dimensions and roll force are obtained when the total power functional achieves minimum, which is received according to double parabola model, velocity field, and the first variational principle. The validity of the proposed approach is discussed by contradistinguishing the present predictions with other models’ results and measured data in a hot strip plant in miscellaneous rolling conditions. Moreover, the impacts of different rolling conditions on the dog bone shape and stress state coefficient are researched, respectively.
This study aimed to develop a theoretical model to explore the behavioral intentions of medical students to adopt an AI-based Diagnosis Support System.
This online cross-sectional survey used the ...unified theory of user acceptance of technology (UTAUT) to examine the intentions to use an AI-based Diagnosis Support System in 211 undergraduate medical students in Vietnam. Partial least squares (PLS) structural equational modeling was employed to assess the relationship between latent constructs.
Effort expectancy (β = 0.201,
< 0.05) and social influence (β = 0.574,
< 0.05) were positively associated with initial trust, while no association was found between performance expectancy and initial trust (
> 0.05). Only social influence (β = 0.527,
< 0.05) was positively related to the behavioral intention.
This study highlights positive behavioral intentions in using an AI-based diagnosis support system among prospective Vietnamese physicians, as well as the effect of social influence on this choice. The development of AI-based competent curricula should be considered when reforming medical education in Vietnam.
Insulin resistance is a major hallmark in the development of type 2 diabetes, which is characterized by an impaired ability of insulin to inhibit glucose output from the liver and to promote glucose ...uptake in muscle. The nuclear hormone receptor coactivator PGC-1 (peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPAR)-γ coactivator-1) has been implicated in the onset of type 2 diabetes. Hepatic PGC-1 expression is elevated in mouse models of this disease, where it promotes constitutive activation of gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation through its association with the nuclear hormone receptors HNF-4 and PPAR-α, respectively. Here we show that PGC-1-deficient mice, generated by adenoviral delivery of PGC-1 RNA interference (RNAi) to the liver, experience fasting hypoglycemia. Hepatic insulin sensitivity was enhanced in PGC-1-deficient mice, reflecting in part the reduced expression of the mammalian tribbles homolog TRB-3, a fasting-inducible inhibitor of the serine-threonine kinase Akt/PKB (ref. 6). We show here that, in the liver, TRB-3 is a target for PPAR-α. Knockdown of hepatic TRB-3 expression improved glucose tolerance, whereas hepatic overexpression of TRB-3 reversed the insulin-sensitive phenotype of PGC-1-deficient mice. These results indicate a link between nuclear hormone receptor and insulin signaling pathways, and suggest a potential role for TRB-3 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
A hierarchical hybrid micro/nanostructure was produced on the surface of titanium (Ti) implants by combined use of acid etching and anodic oxidation. The bioactivity of the modified Ti was evaluated ...by a simulated body fluid (SBF) soaking test and
in vitro
cell culture experiments. The results showed that the surface-modified Ti implants had a microstructure with enhanced surface roughness. There was also a nanostructure superimposed on the microstructure, forming a hierarchical hybrid micro/nanostructure. The modified Ti accelerated the Ca-P mineralization deposition on their surface in SBF, and promoted osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and bone-related gene expression compared to the polished Ti and the Ti implants subjected only to acid etching or anodic oxidation, which was ascribed to the synergistic effects of both micro- and nanotopography generated. This study provides a simple and cost-effective approach to enhance the bioactivity and biocompatibility of orthopaedic implants, and points out the importance of both micro and nanotopography.
Hybrid micro/nanotopographic features are of crucial importance to the activity of osteoblasts.
•A method to isolate the local shunts on silicon solar cells is presented.•The electrical parameters of solar cells are improved after shunt isolation.•The shunt isolation mechanisms have been ...studied.•The electrical parameters are obtained through I–V measurement.
We employ laser scribing combined with chemical etching process to isolate the shunts in industrial off-spec or non-prime crystalline solar cells. Liquid crystal sheet and Infrared camera measurements have been carried out to reveal the existence of the shunts and hot spot temperature under reverse bias. Following laser scribing with proper laser parameters, chemical etching has been used to further optimize the isolation effect. Through illuminated current–voltage characteristic measurements, the improved open circuit voltage, fill factor and efficiency have been obtained. These results demonstrate that this combined shunt isolation process has great potential for its application in the solar cells.
For a variety of sporadic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, it is well-established that ethnicity does affect the disease ...phenotypes. However, how ethnicity contributes to the clinical symptoms and disease progressions in monogenetic disorders, such as spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), remains less studied.
We used multivariable linear and logistical regression models in 257 molecularly-confirmed SCA3 patients (66 Caucasians, 43 African Americans, and 148 Asians composed of 131 Chinese and 17 Asian Americans) to explore the influence of ethnicity on age at onset (AAO), ataxia severity, and non-ataxia symptoms (i.e. depression, tremor, and dystonia).
We found that Asians had significantly later AAO, compared to Caucasians (β = 4.75, p = 0.000) and to African Americans (β = 6.64, p = 0.000) after adjusting for the pathological CAG repeat numbers in ATXN3. African Americans exhibited the most severe ataxia as compared to Caucasians (β = 3.81, p = 0.004) and Asians (β = 4.39, p = 0.001) after taking into consideration of the pathological CAG repeat numbers in ATXN3 and disease duration. Caucasians had a higher prevalence of depression than African Americans (β = 1.23, p = 0.040). Ethnicity had no influence on tremor or dystonia.
Ethnicity plays an important role in clinical presentations of SCA3 patients, which could merit further clinical studies and public health consideration. These results highlight the role of ethnicity in monogenetic, neurodegenerative disorders.
•Ethnicity plays a role in clinical presentations of SCA3.•Asian SCA3 patients have significantly older age of disease onset.•African American SCA3 patients have more severe ataxia.•Caucasian SCA3 patients more commonly have depression.•Ethnicity has distinct impact on motor and non-motor symptoms of SCA3.
We identify multi-wavelength counterparts to 1147 submillimeter sources from the S2COSMOS SCUBA-2 survey of the COSMOS field by employing a recently developed radio+machine-learning method trained on ...a large sample of Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA)-identified submillimeter galaxies (SMGs), including 260 SMGs identified in the AS2COSMOS pilot survey. In total, we identify 1222 optical/near-infrared (NIR)/radio counterparts to the 897 S2COSMOS submillimeter sources with S850 > 1.6 mJy, yielding an overall identification rate of (78 9)%. We find that (22 5)% of S2COSMOS sources have multiple identified counterparts. We estimate that roughly 27% of these multiple counterparts within the same SCUBA-2 error circles very likely arise from physically associated galaxies rather than line-of-sight projections by chance. The photometric redshift of our radio+machine-learning-identified SMGs ranges from z = 0.2 to 5.7 and peaks at z = 2.3 0.1. The AGN fraction of our sample is (19 4)%, which is consistent with that of ALMA SMGs in the literature. Comparing with radio/NIR-detected field galaxy population in the COSMOS field, our radio+machine-learning-identified counterparts of SMGs have the highest star formation rates and stellar masses. These characteristics suggest that our identified counterparts of S2COSMOS sources are a representative sample of SMGs at z 3. We employ our machine-learning technique to the whole COSMOS field and identified 6877 potential SMGs, most of which are expected to have submillimeter emission fainter than the confusion limit of our S2COSMOS surveys ( mJy). We study the clustering properties of SMGs based on this statistically large sample, finding that they reside in high-mass dark matter halos ((1.2 0.3) × 1013 h−1 ), which suggests that SMGs may be the progenitors of massive ellipticals we see in the local universe.
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