The volumes published in the series Beiträge zur Altertumskunde comprise monographs, collective volumes, editions, translations and commentaries on various topics from the fields of Greek and Latin ...Philology, Ancient History, Archeology, Ancient Philosophy as well as Classical Reception Studies. The series thus offers indispensable research tools for a wide range of disciplines related to Ancient Studies.
Résumé
L’accumulation rapide de données scientifiques (notamment palynologiques) permet aujourd’hui de faire l’histoire longue de la déforestation. Dans cet article portant sur le monde méditerranéen ...de 800 av. J.-C. à 600 ap. J.-C., le croisement de ces élément avec les sources textuelles nous permet de montrer que gestion des forêts a permis de limiter les déforestations sévères (menant à la pénurie de bois de chauffe) à des occurrences relativement isolées. Les données sur les grands arbres, toutefois, suggèrent que ces essences se dépeuplaient dans des proportions parfois aiguës dans les régions où la construction de navires ou de grands bâtiments était intense. En l’état actuel de nos connaissances, ni une lecture catastrophiste ni une vision trop optimiste ne se justifient, mais les données continuent de s’accumuler, et de sérieux problèmes de définition demeurent qui incitent à la prudence des conclusions.
Abstract
The rapid accretion of scientific evidence has made the long-term history of deforestation more accessible. This article considers the case of the Mediterranean world, circa 800 BC to 600 AD. Neither historians nor scientists can do without each other here. Textual and scientific, especially palynological, evidence combine to show that, thanks in part to human management of timber resources, severe deforestation leading to shortages of fuel wood were relatively localized. The evidence about long timber suggests, however, that the taxa in question were often severely depleted in regions that constructed numerous ships and large buildings. At present, neither a catastrophist nor a highly optimistic reading of the evidence as a whole carries conviction. But new evidence continues to accumulate, and serious problems of definition remain.
The rapid accretion of scientific evidence has made the long-term history of deforestation more accessible. This article considers the case of the Mediterranean world, circa 800 BC to 600 AD. Neither ...historians nor scientists can do without each other here. Textual and scientific, especially palynological, evidence combine to show that, thanks in part to human management of timber resources, severe deforestation leading to shortages of fuel wood were relatively localized. The evidence about long timber suggests, however, that the tax in question were often severely depleted in regions that constructed numerous ships and large buildings. At present, neither a catastrophist nor a highly optimistic reading the evidence as a whole carries conviction. But new evidence continues to accumulate, and serious problems of definition remain. Adapted from the source document.
Incisional herniorrhaphy remains a formidable challenge to the general surgeon. Recurrence rates after primary repair are reported between 31–54 per cent while tension-free repairs with prosthetic ...mesh have lowered this rate to 10 per cent. Repairs with composite mesh (polypropylene/ePTFE) have been gaining in popularity due to the ease of mesh placement in the intraperitoneal location. This paper reviews our experience with composite repairs at a teaching community hospital. A retrospective chart review was performed which evaluated all patients undergoing abdominal incisional hernia repairs over a 4½-year period. The data were analyzed for mortality, recurrence, infection, subsequent bowel obstruction, and fistula formation. Two hundred twenty-one incisional herniorrhaphies were identified in the resident database of which 95 were repaired with Composix mesh (Bard Surgical, Cranston, RI) in the intraperitoneal position. There were two (2%) recurrences and eight (8%) infections. Fistulization to the small bowel from exposed polypropylene occurred in one patient. There were no bowel obstructions. One postoperative death occurred secondary to pulmonary embolus. Mesh removal was required in all infected cases, and there was a high incidence (63%) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Our findings parallel the low recurrence rate following prosthetic repair. We have reported a higher than expected infection rate particularly with MRSA. Although repairs with Composix mesh are highly successful in regard to recurrence, the high infection rate and resulting morbidity needs to be further evaluated.
A wide range of options is available to surgeons for fixation of the proximal interphalangeal joint when arthrodesis is undertaken for repair of the hammertoe deformity. In this technical report, we ...describe the use of an intraosseous loop of stainless-steel wire for permanent stabilization of the interface between the proximal and middle phalanges during fusion of the interphalangeal joint.
A double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted to determine the effect of consumption of supplemental whey protein (WP), soy protein (SP), and an isoenergetic amount of carbohydrate (CHO) on ...body weight and composition in free-living overweight and obese but otherwise healthy participants. Ninety overweight and obese participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups for 23 wk:
1
) WP;
2
) SP (each providing ~56 g/d of protein and 1670 kJ/d); or
3
) an isoenergetic amount of CHO. Supplements were consumed as a beverage twice daily. Participants were provided no dietary advice and continued to consume their free-choice diets. Participants’ body weight and composition data were obtained monthly. Dietary intake was determined by 24-h dietary recalls collected every 10 d. After 23 wk, body weight and composition did not differ between the groups consuming the SP and WP or between SP and CHO; however, body weight and fat mass of the group consuming the WP were lower by 1.8 kg (
P
< 0.006) and 2.3 kg (
P
< 0.005), respectively, than the group consuming CHO. Lean body mass did not differ among any of the groups. Waist circumference was smaller in the participants consuming WP than in the other groups (
P
< 0.05). Fasting ghrelin was lower in participants consuming WP compared with SP or CHO. Through yet-unknown mechanisms, different sources of dietary protein may differentially facilitate weight loss and affect body composition. Dietary recommendations, especially those that emphasize the role of dietary protein in facilitating weight change, should also address the demonstrated clinical potential of supplemental WP.
In a recent survey, 1,000 Americans about their history of, and expectations for, investing in stocks and mutual funds. The results were both unambiguous and striking: of the 55% who had been ...investors, close to half - 49% - had either reduced or stopped investing. Of that 49%, 26% had altogether stopped. Further, only 47% of those who had been investors were planning to invest during the next three years; 27% were not sure and 26% actively expected not to invest. Much of this sentiment is, not surprisingly, a direct response to recent losses. Regardless of the reason, the prospect of anywhere from one-quarter to one-half of individual investors leaving the market is a daunting one. The recession has changed the way ordinary Americans think about the economy, the stock market, and their own savings. They will not be looking for riches, but for clarity and security. Those employers, financial services firms, and insurance companies who can offer those things - and deliver on their offerings - will be the ones best positioned to navigate the new economic landscape for years to come.
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