As the incidence of injuries associated with patient‐handling tasks remains high in the rehabilitation community, interdisciplinary discussions on optimal methods for preventing injuries and ensuring ...good care continue. A national task force consisting of representatives from the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses, the American Physical Therapy Association, and the Veterans Health Administration identified myths that have been promulgated on both sides of the discussion, focusing especially on rehabilitation practices. The purpose of this article is to dispel these myths by using evidence‐based methods. Evidence should be applied in discussions of safe patient handling, and although concern about patient outcomes is critical, there is no evidence that the use of patient‐handling technology undermines rehabilitation goals and strong evidence that these practices enhance the safety of rehabilitation care providers. Further research on the impact of safe patient‐handling practices on rehabilitation goals and continued communication between rehabilitation providers are recommended.
California Water Wars: Tough Choices at Woolf Farming Baker, Gregory A; Sampson, Alana N; Harwood, Michael J
The international food and agribusiness management review,
01/2013, Letnik:
16, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This case explores the challenges facing a large family farming operation in the fertile San Joaquin Valley of California. Woolf Farming and Processing, a diversified farming and processing ...operation, has faced reduced water allocations resulting in the removal of permanent crops and the fallowing of some of their land. The case challenges students to develop and analyze alternatives that will allow the company to continue to thrive under uncertain future water allocations.
Callus cultures from olive (Olea europaea L.) were used to study characteristics of desaturation in this oil-rich tissue. The incorporation of 1-¹⁴Coleate and 1-¹⁴Clinoleate into complex lipids and ...their further desaturation was followed in incubations of up to 48 h. Both radiolabelled fatty acids were rapidly incorporated into lipids, especially phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol. Radiolabelling of these two lipids peaked after 1-4 h, after which it fell. In contrast, other phosphoglycerides and the galactosylglycerides were labelled in a more sustained manner. 1-¹⁴CLinoleate was almost exclusively found in the galactolipids. With 1-¹⁴Clinoleate as a precursor, the only significant desaturation to linolenate was in the galactolipids. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol was the first lipid in which 1-¹⁴Clinoleate and 1-¹⁴Clinolenate appeared after incubation of the calli with 1-¹⁴Coleate and 1-¹⁴Clinoleate, respectively. The presence of radioactivity in the plastidial lipids shows that both 1-¹⁴Coleate and 1-¹⁴Clinoleate can freely enter the chloroplast. Two important environmental effects were also examined. Raised incubation temperatures (30-35 °C) reduced oleate desaturation and this was also reflected in the endogenous fatty acid composition. Low light also caused less oleate desaturation. The data indicate that lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase is important for the entry of oleate and linoleate into olive callus lipid metabolism and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase may be involved in triacylglycerol biosynthesis. In addition, it is shown that plastid desaturases are mainly responsible for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Individual fatty acid desaturases were differently susceptible to environmental stresses with FAD2 being reduced by both high temperature and low light, whereas FAD7 was only affected by high temperature.
Cost estimates for alcohol and drug abuse HARWOOD, H. J; FOUNTAIN, D; FOUNTAIN, G ...
Addiction (Abingdon, England),
05/1999, Letnik:
94, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Reports a study of the economic cost of alcohol & drug abuse in the US. Costs are categorized as specialized alcohol services, prevention & treatment of related illnesses, lost productivity, motor ...vehicle crashes, social welfare benefits, associated crime, medical consequences of drug & alcohol abuse, & the economic burden to abusers & nonabusers. Since 1975, alcohol costs have remained relatively the same, but drug abuse costs have risen. The usefulness of calculating these costs is considered; the data are sound, but irrelevant, revealing much on targets for intervention, but not on methods. Estimates for illegal drug costs & the breakdown of social costs are questioned. The argument about the connection between alcohol, drugs, & crime, & costs associated with crime, is flawed. Comments are offered by Peter Reuter, Mark A. R. Kleiman, Pierre Kopp, & Mark A. Cohen. 2 Tables, 1 Figure, 57 References. T. Arnold
The thiocarbamate herbicide pebulate inhibits fatty acid elongation, which is necessary for surface lipid biosynthesis. As both barley and wild oats are susceptible to pebulate, the safener ...dichlormid was used to study the reversal of its herbicidal effect. Fatty acid elongation was restored by a dichlormid pretreatment in barley, but not in pebulate-expressed oats.
Celiac disease is strongly associated with the HLA class II D-region serologic markers DR3 (DRw17) and DQw2. Moreover, by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, greater than 90% of DR3 ...(DRw17), DQw2 celiac disease patients have a polymorphic 4.0-kilobase Rsa I DP B gene DNA fragment. The present study sought to determine if there is a unique HLA class II D-region A or B gene structural variant on the DR3 (DRw17) haplotype found in celiac disease. The polymorphic second exons of the coding DRB, DQA and DQB, and DPA and DPB genes in celiac disease patients with the DR3 (DRw17) haplotype were sequenced after amplification by the polymerase chain reaction. To define the DP B genes associated with celiac disease, the second exons of the coding DP B genes from 27 celiac disease patients were amplified similarly and probed by using a panel of sequence specific oligonucleotides. The HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP A and B gene second exon sequences of celiac disease patients were noted to be identical to sequences that can be found also, although at a significantly lower frequency, in unaffected individuals. This is compatible with a disease model wherein the HLA class II genes on the DR3 (DRw17) haplotype are necessary, but not sufficient, for the phenotypic expression of celiac disease. Analysis of the DP B genes revealed a significant increase in the frequency of the alleles DPB1 and DPB3 in celiac disease. Furthermore, the increased frequency of the 4.0-kilobase Rsa I DP B gene restriction fragment length polymorphism in celiac disease can be accounted for by the overrepresentation in disease of the alleles DPB1 and DPB3. The HLA-associated susceptibility to celiac disease appears to be multigenic, with specific, but structurally normal, allelic variants in the DP and DQ/DR subregions contributing to disease susceptibility.
The Cdc6 protein is essential for the assembly of pre-replicative complexes (pre-RCs) at origins of DNA replication in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This reaction is blocked in vivo by ...the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28p, together with its regulatory subunits, the B type cyclins that are present throughout S, G2, and M phases. Because the destruction of B type cyclins and the consequent inactivation of the kinase are essential for exit from mitosis, pre-RC formation can only occur after passage through mitosis. Therefore, pre-RC formation has been proposed to be essential for coupling S phase and mitosis and for limiting DNA replication to once per cell cycle. The Mcm2-7 family of proteins has been implicated in limiting replication to once per cell cycle from experiments with Xenopus egg extracts. Here we show that the Mcm proteins of budding yeast are abundant and are quantitatively found in a chromatinenriched fraction specifically during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. This chromatin binding depends on the de novo synthesis of Cdc6p, providing evidence that a conserved biochemical pathway plays a critical role in coordinating DNA replication with mitosis in both yeast and higher eukaryotes. Cdc6p and the origin recognition complex can be selectively removed from this chromatin-enriched fraction without removing the Mcm proteins. From these results, we propose that Cdc6p (and the origin recognition complex) nucleates the binding of Mcm proteins to chromatin, but once bound, the Mcm proteins appear to interact tightly with some other component of chromatin.
The norditerpenoid alkaloid lycaconitine (2) was synthesized from lycoctonine (3) and its affinity determined for two neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes. The structure of 2 was ...confirmed by a combination of spectroscopic methods.
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) replicates in its latent phase once per cell cycle in proliferating B cells. The latent origin of DNA replication, oriP, supports replication and stable maintenance of the ...EBV genome. OriP comprises two essential elements: the dyad symmetry (DS) and the family of repeats (FR), both containing clusters of binding sites for the transactivator EBNA1. The DS element appears to be the functional replicator. It is not yet understood how oriP‐dependent replication is integrated into the cell cycle and how EBNA1 acts at the molecular level. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, we show that the human origin recognition complex (hsORC) binds at or near the DS element. The association of hsORC with oriP depends on the DS element. Deletion of this element not only abolishes hsORC binding but also reduces replication initiation at oriP to background level. Co‐immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that EBNA1 is associated with hsORC in vivo. These results indicate that oriP might use the same cellular initiation factors that regulate chromosomal replication, and that EBNA1 may be involved in recruiting hsORC to oriP.
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