Worldwide, groundwater resources are under a constant threat of overexploitation and pollution due to anthropogenic and climatic pressures. For sustainable management and policy making a reliable ...prediction of groundwater levels for different future scenarios is necessary. Uncertainties are present in these groundwater-level predictions and originate from greenhouse gas scenarios, climate models, conceptual hydro(geo)logical models (CHMs) and groundwater abstraction scenarios. The aim of this study is to quantify the individual uncertainty contributions using an ensemble of 2 greenhouse gas scenarios (representative concentration pathways 4.5 and 8.5), 22 global climate models, 15 alternative CHMs and 5 groundwater abstraction scenarios. This multi-model ensemble approach was applied to a drought-prone study area in Bangladesh. Findings of this study, firstly, point to the strong dependence of the groundwater levels on the CHMs considered. All groundwater abstraction scenarios showed a significant decrease in groundwater levels. If the current groundwater abstraction trend continues, the groundwater level is predicted to decline about 5 to 6 times faster for the future period 2026–2047 compared to the baseline period (1985–2006). Even with a 30 % lower groundwater abstraction rate, the mean monthly groundwater level would decrease by up to 14 m in the southwestern part of the study area. The groundwater abstraction in the northwestern part of Bangladesh has to decrease by 60 % of the current abstraction to ensure sustainable use of groundwater. Finally, the difference in abstraction scenarios was identified as the dominant uncertainty source. CHM uncertainty contributed about 23 % of total uncertainty. The alternative CHM uncertainty contribution is higher than the recharge scenario uncertainty contribution, including the greenhouse gas scenario and climate model uncertainty contributions. It is recommended that future groundwater-level prediction studies should use multi-model and multiple climate and abstraction scenarios.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is well known for related micro and macrovascular complications. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus leads to endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, microvascular ...impairment, myocardial dysfunction, and skeletal muscle changes which affect multiple organ systems. This study was designed to take an extensive view of cardiorespiratory dynamics in patients with type 2 DM. One hundred healthy controls (HC) and 100 DM patients were enrolled. We measured and compared the breathing patterns (spirometry), VO.sub.2 max levels (heart rate ratio method) and self-reported fitness level (international fitness scale) of individuals with and without diabetes. Data was analyzed in SPSS v.22 and GraphPad Prism v8.0. We observed restrictive spirometry patterns (FVC <80%) in 22% of DM as compared to 2% in HC (p = 0.021). There was low mean VO.sub.2 max in DM as compared to HC(32.03 ± 5.36 vs 41.91 ± 7.98 ml/kg/min; p value <0.001). When evaluating physical fitness on self-reported IFiS scale, 90% of the HC report average, good, or very good fitness levels. In contrast, only 45% of the DM shared this pattern, with a 53% proportion perceiving their fitness as poor or very poor (p = <0.05). Restrictive respiratory pattern, low VO.sub.2 max and fitness level were significantly associated with HbA1c and long-standing DM. This study shows decreased pulmonary functions, decreased cardiorespiratory fitness (VO.sub.2 max) and IFiS scale variables in diabetic population as compared to healthy controls which are also associated with glycemic levels and long-standing DM. Screening for pulmonary functions can aid optimum management in this population.
The looming energy crisis is affecting every sector of the world. The dire need to conserve energy has compelled researchers to bring automation to the power sector. The conservation of energy is one ...of the biggest challenges Third-World countries are facing in general and in Europe due to the Russian–Ukrainian war. There is a need to introduce such systems that can prevent energy loss and let users buy and sell excessive electricity they have. In the field of power and electricity, the Internet of Things (IoT) plays an active role in the conservation of energy. The new concept of smart grids is widely used for efficient transmission. The technique of blockchain can further reduce the wastage of energy and efficient consumption if it is used with smart grids. This article proposes a smart energy meter based on smart grids and blockchain. The proposed implementation is a demonstration containing a few microgrids, each with its very own blockchain. The users will use energy by making transactions, following the smart contracts. The focus is on the peer-to-peer transactions in a microgrid controlled by blockchain. The architectural design outcomes are a smart energy meter, a smart contract on the Ethereum blockchain, and an android application to monitor and control transactions and energy trade
via
smart contracts with other consumers.
Introduction: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common physiological finding in neonates but sometimes Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) can occur in these neonates and it can be asymptomatic or may lead ...to complications. Many causative factors are listed out for development of neonatal jaundice but the UTI is less mentioned in previous studies. Aim: To study the prevalence of UTI and its clinical features in the neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Aakash Healthcare super specialty Hospital, Dwarka, New Delhi, India, between June 2019 and May 2020. Total 116 infants with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were included in the study. The demographic features including date and time of admission, age at presentation of jaundice, mode of parturition, type of assistance for delivery (if any used), presence of cephalohaematoma, bruising or caput succedaneum, weight at birth, age at onset of jaundice (days of life), baby’s and mother’s blood group, any metabolic diseases in mother and father etc. were studied. A thorough haematological work-up was done and urine was collected in a sterile container by catheterisation. All samples were sent to the laboratory for microscopic analysis and culture. Data was statistically analysed using Mann-Whitney U-test and level of significant p-value was considered as less than 0.05. Results: A total of 116 cases of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were included in this study. Out of the 116 cases, 66 cases (56.89%) were male neonates and infants and 50 cases (43.11%) were female neonates and infants. In this study, out of 116 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, only 20 babies showed pus cells >5 //hpf (high power field microscope) (suggesting UTI), out of the 20 babies, 08 babies showed culture negative and pus cells >5 /hpf and remaining 12 babies showed culture positive and pus cells >5 /hpf. Out of 12 cases of culture and sensitivity, 8 cases showed culture for Escherichia coli (E.coli) and remaining four cases, organism cultured was Klebsiella pneumonia. Conclusion: Hyperbilirubinemia may be the initial sign of UTI in neonates; it may be asymptomatic in jaundiced newborns. It is recommended that, evaluation of UTI should be made in cases of asymptomatic hyperbilirubinemia cases which helps the paediatrician for early detection and treatment of these affected newborns reducing the hospital stay and long term complications.
Asian Countries mostly lying in Subcontinent region are the main producers of Sugar canes. On the other hand, these are the developing countries which mostly face potential energy crisis which ...ultimately gives rise to sustainable electricity demand challenges. This challenge can be mitigated through the conventional way of bagasse-based cogeneration of power. Therefore, sugar industries can contribute in fulfilling at least their own requirement of plant electricity. But this method in turn produces carbon dioxide (CO2) to the environment which is a major source of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions globally. So, it is the most significant contributor to the global warming, which plays diverse impact on social, environmental, and economic costs. So far, the increasing concentrations of GHGs in the atmosphere are a notable issue. Biochar is one of the products of flash pyrolysis which reduces the GHG emissions and enhancement of soil fertility. This paper proposes flash pyrolysis as a sustainable way of meeting electricity demand with additional benefits over conventional way of burning bagasse in cogeneration, giving the environmental and economic benefits of pyrolysis. Bagasse gasification by flash pyrolysis in the sugar mills could be an alternative option for electricity generation with CO2 negative impact.
Tourist Guide via Image Processing Techniques Enam, Rabia Noor; Tahir, Muhammad; Nabeel Mustafa, Syed Muhammad ...
Pakistan Journal of Engineering & Technology,
06/2021, Letnik:
4, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
To achieve the goal of identification, image processing and recognition is performed on the actual picture transformation. The amount of information included in an image is enormous because it is a ...two-dimensional space. Neural network image recognition is a new type of picture recognition technology developed by modern computer innovation. In this paper we have used neural network to implement image-based location identification. Using the image data, we have evaluated our proposed model’s predictive performance. By including more hidden layers in the convolution neural network, it is feasible to improve the network's training speed and reliability by having a large amount of data. However, 80% of the dataset is used for training and the remaining 20% is used for testing in our studies. The preliminary findings have shown that using a neural network to detect photos is both successful and practical. The proposed methods serve as a guide for travelers or tourists who are unfamiliar with a country. They simply need to point the camera at any historical or well-known location to learn more about it.
Objective: The aim of this study is to find out a relationship between life satisfaction and caregiver burden among patients who are suffering from psychiatric illness.
Materials and methods: The ...sample size of this study was 170 psychiatric patients. Primarily consent was received from the higher authorities of the psychiatric hospitals and rehabilitation centers in Karachi. Zarit Burden Interview Scale (ZBIS) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were used. Psychiatric patients were divided into schizophrenia disorder (n = 85) and bipolar disorder (n = 85). Data were analyzed by statistics software (SPSS, version, 20.0). The sample was constituted with male 75 (44.1%) and females were 95 (55.9%). The average age range of caregivers was between 19 and 60 years with M = 44.74 and SD = 12.05 years.
Results : The results indicated that caregiver burden was a significant predictor of satisfaction with life in patients with schizophrenia disorder R2, .554; F (1.84) = 36.711, p<.000. A significant difference was also observed between male and females caregivers of psychiatric patients on the variable of caregiver burden and satisfaction with life scale (i.e. t=-3.129; p=.<002; t=3.528; p=.<.001).
Conclusion: It is concluded that caregiver burden significantly affects the level of mental health of the caregivers of patients with psychiatric disorders.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 01 January’24 Page : 89-94
Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a low-resolution but rapid genotyping method for
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has emerged as the new gold standard for
typing, but cost and lack of ...standardization still limit broad utilization. In this study, we evaluated the potential to combine the portability of MLST with the increased resolution of WGS for a cost-saving approach to routine
typing.
strains from two New York City hospitals (hospital A and hospital B) were selected. WGS single-nucleotide polymorphism (wgSNP) was performed using established methods. Sequence types (ST) were determined using PubMLST, while wgSNP analysis was performed using the Bionumerics software. An additional analysis of a subset of data (hospital A) was made comparing the Bionumerics software to the CosmosID pipeline. Cost and turnaround time to results were compared for the algorithmic approach of MLST followed by wgSNP versus direct wgSNP. Among the 202
isolates typed, 91% (
= 185/203) clustered within the representative ST, showing a high agreement between MLST and wgSNP. While clustering was similar between the Bionumerics and CosmosID pipelines, large differences in the overall number of SNPs were noted. A two-step algorithm for routine typing results in significantly lower cost than routine use of WGS. Our results suggest that using MLST as a first step in routine typing of
followed by WGS for MLST concordant strains is a less technically demanding, cost-saving approach for performing
typing than WGS alone without loss of discriminatory power.
Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources. Most technology industries are moving to the cloud. Cloud structures can be costly for users. Virtualization is used in ...cloud computing that helps the cloud at a low cost. Migrating virtual machines (VMs) helps to manage computation. Migration of virtual machines is a core feature of virtualization. The technique of migrating a running virtual machine from one physical host to another with minimal downtime is called "live virtual machine migration." This paper discusses the migration technique, i.e., migration before and after copying, and also issues related to live migration. This paper presents a better approach to the VM migration method and future challenges by differentiating from the previous live VM migration method.
PDF
