Salinity is a major environmental stress that limits plant production and portraits a critical challenge to food security in the world. In this research, the impacts of plant growth–promoting ...bacteria (
Pseudomonas
RS-198 and
Azospirillum brasilense
RS-SP7) and foliar application of plant hormones (salicylic acid 1 mM and jasmonic acid 0.5 mM) on alleviating the harmful effects of salt stress in rapeseed plants (
Brassica napus
cv. okapi) were examined under greenhouse condition. Salt stress diminished rapeseed biomass, leaf area, water content, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chlorophyll content, while it increased sodium content, endogenous salicylic and jasmonic acids, osmolyte production, H
2
O
2
and O
2
•−
generations, TBARS content, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Plant growth, nutrient content, leaf expansion, osmolyte production, and antioxidant enzyme activities were increased, but oxidative and osmotic stress indicators were decreased by bacteria inoculation + salicylic acid under salt stress. Antioxidant enzyme activities were amplified by jasmonic acid treatments under salt stress, although rapeseed growth was not generally affected by jasmonic acid. Bacterial + hormonal treatments were superior to individual treatments in reducing detrimental effects of salt stress. The best treatment in rectifying rapeseed growth under salt stress was combination of
Pseudomonas
and salicylic acid. This combination attenuated destructive salinity properties and subsequently amended rapeseed growth via enhancing endogenous salicylic acid content and some essential nutrients such as potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium.
An investigation was carried out using 13 alfalfa accessions during 2009 to 2010 and was located on the experimental field of East Azarbaijan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center ...(AZARAN), Iran. The objective of this research was to evaluate positive effect and reliability of yield and quality traits as selection criteria in alfalfa breeding. Significant differences were observed for most of the yield and quality components. Variability coefficients were high for yield components, while quality traits showed relatively low variation. Plant height (PH), number of stems (NS), number of nodes (NN) and leaf size (LS) was positively correlated with plant yield. Crude protein (CP) content was correlated directly with acid detergent fiber (ADF) and natural detergent fiber (NDF) while correlation with crude fiber (CF) was inverse. The direct effect of the number of stems on yield had the highest value (0.698, P
The interaction between genotypes and environments plays an important role in selecting superior genotypes for target locations. The main objectives of the present study were to analyze the effect of ...the genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) and identify superior, newly developed, and promising barley genotypes for cold regions in Iran. For these purposes, a set of genotypes obtained from breeding programs for cold climates in Iran, along with two reference genotypes, were investigated at eight research stations (Tabriz, Ardabil, Arak, Miandoab, Mashhad, Jolge Rokh, Karaj, and Hamadan) during two consecutive growing seasons (2019-2020 and 2020-2021). The results of the freezing test (LT
) showed that most of the tested genotypes had significant cold tolerance at the seedling stage. Based on the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis, environment (E) and GEI effects explained 49.44% and 16.55% of the total variation in grain yield, respectively. Using AMMI1 and AMMI2 models, G2 and G20 were found to be superior genotypes in terms of grain yield and stability. Moreover, AMMI-based stability parameters considered the G20 genotype to be the ideal genotype. A two-plot analysis of the genotype-by-environment interaction (GGE) biplot showed that the 16 experimental environments were grouped into 2 mega-environments. Of the test environments, ARK1 and KAJ2 had the highest discriminating power and representativeness ability, and these were identified as ideal environments for testing advanced genotypes for yield and stability performance during early barley breeding practices in cold areas in Iran. In conclusion, both AMMI and GGE biplot models identified several superior genotypes, among which G20, with a high average yield relative to the overall average yield and the lowest IPC1 score, was found to have high yield stability and is recommended for inclusion in breeding programs for cold climates in Iran.
Background: Pyrosis and regurgitation are the cardinal symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Several herbs have been used for treating gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. This systematic ...review was conducted to investigate the effects of medicinal herbs on gastroesophageal reflux disease and adverse events. Methods:MEDLINE (via PubMed; The United States National Library of Medicine, USA), Scopus, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Magiran, and Scientific Information Database were systematically searched for human studies, without a time frame, using medical subject heading terms such as"gastroesophageal reflux disease","reflux","esophagitis"and"herbs". Manual searches completed the electronic searches. Results: Thirteen randomized controlled trials were identified, including 1,164 participants from 1,509 publications. In comparing herbal medicine to placebo, there were no significant differences in terms of heartburn (P=0.23 and 0.48), epigastric or abdominal pain (P=0.35), reflux syndrome (P=0.12), and effective rate (P=0.60), but there was a significant difference in terms of acid regurgitation (P=0.01). In comparing herbal medicine to drugs, there was a significant difference in terms of effective rate (P = 0.001), and there was one trial that reported a significant difference in terms of epigastric pain (P=0.00001). Also, in comparing herbal medicine to drugs, there were no significant differences in terms of acid regurgitation (P = 0.39). Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that herbal medicines are effective in treating gastroesophageal reflux disease. Further standardized researches with a large-scale, multicenter, and rigorous design are needed.
In order to determine genetic gain for some quantitative traits in alfalfa ecotypes an experiment was conducted during cropping seasons of 2001-2007 at East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural ...Resources Research Center, Tabriz, Iran. Twenty nine native ecotypes collected from northwest of Iran and an improved variety were used in a polycross nursery. A randomized complete block design was used with 12 replications to ensure the random mating in the polycross nursery. The 30 half-sib families resulted from polycross nursery were planted individually in pots and 30 day old seedlings transplanted in the field and various traits were measured for three cropping seasons in a polycross test. The results of data analysis showed large variations among ecotypes for the traits studied. This indicates that successful selection for desired traits among their progenies is possible. Based on general combining ability, especially for fresh and dry yield, several ecotypes, including 'Satellou', 'Gara-yonje', 'Almard', 'Legan', 'Baftan', 'Khaje', 'Sivan', 'Ilan jouj', 'Dizaj Safar Ali', 'Khosrovang' and 'Garababa' were selected as promising parents for developing synthetic variety. The narrow-sense heritability values for fresh yield, dry matter, plant height, fresh leaf to stem and dry leaf to stem ratios were about 60%, 59%, 50%, 11% and 19%, respectively. Using selection intensity of 30%, an increase in fresh yield and dry matter yields were estimated to be 3.2 and 1.58 t/ha, respectively.
One of the most important forage crops in Iran is Alfalfa (
Medicago sativa
L.). Cultivar selection is important for alfalfa hay production. This research was carried out in 2017 and 2018 to assess ...the effects of harvest time and cultivar on growth, physiological traits and yield of alfalfa in saline condition. These field experiments were carried out at the Research Farm of East-Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Tabriz, Iran (Firuz Salar village located 4 km from Azarshahr city). Results showed that the synthetic cultivars (C
2
and C
3
) and especially C
4
(Azar cultivar) has the highest forage yield and it attributed to high chlorophyll content, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, proline content, leaf area index (LAI), stem diameter, plant height and leaf to shoot ratio in these cultivars. However, the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) content related to C
1
cultivar (Gara-Yonjeh as a local cultivar). Maximum of fresh and dry forage yields were achieved in second and third harvest times and it have related to high chlorophyll content, enzyme activities (CAT, POD and SOD), LAI, stem diameter, plant height, leaf to shoot ratio, proline and MDA contents in these harvest times. The highest acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), protein content and digestibility were obtained from C
4
followed by C
3
, C
2
and C
1
cultivars. Value of ADF, NDF, protein content and digestibility were more during early harvests (H
1
and H
2
) than during last harvests (H
3
and H
4
). These findings have shown that suitable harvesting time of forage alfalfa is second stage for high yield and first stage for high quality. Synthetic cultivars and especially Azar cultivar was a superior cultivar. Thus, harvest time and cultivar selections can influence the yield and quality of alfalfa.
•Genetic control over the root traits will help breeders improve the selection strategies.•The use of root traits can be a useful method for improving grain yield.•Selection of root traits linked to ...better plant growth under water-deficit conditions.•Identifying generations of maize with a vigorous root system which has better adaptation to deficit irrigation.
Evaluation of various root traits and determination of their genetic control in response to water deficit stress is crucial for improving and stabilizing grain yield worldwide. The present study aimed at evaluating the gene action, heritability and genetic variances of grain yield and root morphological traits under water deficit conditions in mature maize. Seeds of seven maize genotypes, including B73 (maternal inbred line), MO17 (paternal inbred line), F1 (SC704), F2, BC1, BC2 and F3 were sown in PVC tubes and grown under field water capacity. The maize plants were then subjected to three water regimes of 100% FC, 55% and 75% available water depletion at 5–6 leaf stage and continued to silk emergence in 2018 and 2019 (two years). The generation mean analysis results revealed that non-additive effects were greater than the additive effects. A high narrow sense heritability and additive variance were found for root dry weight and seminal root number, suggesting that selection in the parents’ inbred lines or early segregating generations could be an efficient method for genetic improvement of the traits under deficit irrigation conditions. Contrarily, selection for grain yield, root volume, primary root length, root surface area, root diameter and root fresh weight should be delayed for several generations until a high level of gene fixation is attained. Based on correlation analysis and percent change of the studied traits under deficit irrigation conditions, SC704 and MO17 could be used as a source for water deficit tolerance in maize breeding programs. Overall, the results suggested that the selection of root traits linked to better plant growth has great potential to alleviate water deficit stress, contributing to sustainable maize production in drought-prone areas.
Forage crops are considered as important components of sustainable farming systems. Legumes have a specific role in farming systems. In order to assess the possibility of growing lupine in Tabriz ...plain, an experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out at the East Azarbaijan Agriculture and Natural Research and Education Center, Iran. Three forage lupins varieties namely Dieta (Lupinus albus), Iris (L. angustifolius) and Pootallong (L. luteus) in this study were evaluated. The results indicated that establishment and survival percentage of varieties under farm condition were significantly different. The intraction effect of variety× days after planting on percentage of establishment among lupine speaces was significantly different. Seedling of Dieta and Iris varieties emerged 6 days after planting, but that of Pootallong could emergent after 9 days. Seedling of Iris and Pootallong varieties dried 27 and 18 days after planting, respectively. The trends of growth and establishment of Dieta variety in the farm was different from the other two varieties. It could achieve the peak emergence after 24 days. Although, Dieta lupine variety, by having 50.1% emergence in the field, was able to grow in the farm and produce seed, but it couldn't express acceptable seed yield and its component. Since the salinity of soil and water used in this experiment were 4580 and 5634 µs/m respectively, growth of these species, specially L. angustifolius and L. luteus (Iris and Pootallong varieties) came across sevrer limitations. More studies are needed to evaluate adaptability and planting time of Dieta cultivar in the region .
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