Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus (JEV) remains a leading cause of neurological infection across Asia. The high lethality of disease and absence of effective therapies mean that standardised animal ...models will be crucial in developing therapeutics. However, published mouse models are heterogeneous. We performed a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of published JEV mouse experiments to investigate the variation in model parameters, assess homogeneity and test the relationship of key variables against mortality.
A PubMed search was performed up to August 2020. 1991 publications were identified, of which 127 met inclusion criteria, with data for 5026 individual mice across 487 experimental groups. Quality assessment was performed using a modified CAMARADES criteria and demonstrated incomplete reporting with a median quality score of 10/17. The pooled estimate of mortality in mice after JEV challenge was 64.7% (95% confidence interval 60.9 to 68.3) with substantial heterogeneity between experimental groups (I^2 70.1%, df 486). Using meta-regression to identify key moderators, a refined dataset was used to model outcome dependent on five variables: mouse age, mouse strain, virus strain, virus dose (in log10PFU) and route of inoculation. The final model reduced the heterogeneity substantially (I^2 38.9, df 265), explaining 54% of the variability.
This is the first systematic review of mouse models of JEV infection. Better adherence to CAMARADES guidelines may reduce bias and variability of reporting. In particular, sample size calculations were notably absent. We report that mouse age, mouse strain, virus strain, virus dose and route of inoculation account for much, though not all, of the variation in mortality. This dataset is available for researchers to access and use as a guideline for JEV mouse experiments.
Introduction. Central Nervous System (CNS) infection, including meningitis and encephalitis, is a life-threatening disease, especially in developing countries. The aetiologies are bacterial, viral, ...fungal, or parasite needing different treatments. Patients with HIV positive are at higher risk for the development of CNS infections. Neuroimaging, such as Head CT scan and MRI, is important to help the diagnosis. This study is to describe the features of neuroimaging related to the diagnosis in HIV-positive patients with CNS infection.
Methods. A retrospective descriptive design was used in this study. Sixty adult patients confirmed for HIV-positive with CNS infection were described for the neuroimaging features (Head CT scan and MRI) and related diagnoses. The data was collected from January 2019 until September 2020 in Dr Sardjito hospital.
Results. The prevalence of HIV-positive in CNS infection was 36% (2019 in Dr Sardjito Hospital). The most common neuroimaging features was pathological enhancement found in 30 cases (50%). The second feature was cerebral edema (27 cases, 45%), followed by abscess (18 cases, 30%). The other features were focal mass lesion 25%, hydrocephalus 21.6%, cerebral atrophy 13.3%, cerebral infarct 13.3%, tuberculoma 13.3%, midline shift 13.3%, hemorrhagic 1.6%, and normal finding in 11.6%. The diagnoses found in pathological enhancement were cerebral toxoplasmosis (13 patients, 43%), cerebral abscess (8 patients, 26.6%), bacterial meningitis/encephalitis (6 patients, 20%), and unspecified meningitis/encephalitis. The same diagnoses presented in feature of cerebral edema.
However, the abscess feature was mostly found in cerebral abscess (9 patients, 50%), cerebral toxoplasmosis (6 patients, 33%), and bacterial meningitis/encephalitis (3 patients, 17%). The other features showed a variety of diagnoses.
Conclusion. HIV-positive infection showed various features of neuroimaging. The most common features were pathological enhancement, cerebral edema, and abscess. Cerebral toxoplasmosis, cerebral abscess, and bacterial meningitis/encephalitis were the most common diagnoses in HIV-positive patients with CNS infection.
This study aims to determine how the financial performance of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia through the islamicity performance index approach for the period 2013-2017, by the principles of ...justice, halalness, and purification. This study using quantitative descriptive research. The number of banks sampled are five Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia that have been selected, through a purposive sampling technique first. These banks are BRI Syariah, BNI Syariah, Mandiri Syariah, BCA Syariah, and Victoria Syariah. The type of data used is secondary data taken from the financial statements of each islamic commercial bank that is sampled. Through the islamicity performance index approach, the results of this study indicate that the financial performance of islamic commercial bank is unsatisfactory, based on the average of the variables that have been processed in accordance with predicate valuation standards.
The Heritage City Sustainability Index in Malaysia Saleh, Yazid bin; Mohamad Khairul Anuar bin Ghazali; Mahat, Hanifah binti ...
International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development,
2023/10/15, Letnik:
11, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
This research aimed to build an index of heritage city sustainability in Malaysia. The method used was quantitative with a field survey design. Ten heritage cities listed in the Malaysian ...Architectural Heritage Inventory Study Report were utilized as the study areas: George Town, Melaka City, Taiping, Kuala Kubu Bharu, Jugra, Tampin, Muar, Kota Bharu, Kuala Lipis, and Kuching. A total of 1000 respondents were recruited utilizing cluster sampling and a simple random sampling method. The data were analysed with factor analysis methods as well as descriptive and index formulas. The results show that the sustainable heritage cities are Melaka City (0.85) and Muar (0.75). The moderately sustainable ones are Kota Bharu (0.71), George Town (0.68), Taiping (0.67), Kuching (0.67), Jugra (0.63), Tampin (0.60) and Kuala Lipis (0.58). Meanwhile, Kuala Kubu Bharu (0.47) is less sustainable. This analysis implies that heritage cities can be arranged according to their respective levels of sustainability and can act as a reference for the authorities for future development.
An omental cyst is a rare intraabdominal pathology that can cause acute abdomen and intestinal obstruction among children. A 2-year-old boy presented with fever, bilious vomiting, abdomen distension ...and loose stool of acute onset. The chest and abdominal radiographs showed right pleural effusion and prominent small bowels with thickening walls respectively. Ultrasonography revealed a gastrointestinal duplication cyst. An exploratory laparotomy was done and found a 5x5 cm infected omental cyst, severely adhered to and eroded into the ileum causing a small perforation. Omental cyst excision and ileal primary repair were done. The final diagnosis was a benign omental cyst. Omental cyst is usually asymptomatic; however, symptomatic omental cyst should be cautious for bleeding, intestinal obstruction, infection, torsion and rupture.
Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout the world to become a pandemic, making the entire health sector overwhelmed. Hospitals as health service facilities continuously ...strive to provide optimal service to patients with the confirmed COVID-19 infection. Resident doctors usually handle COVID-19 patients at the Zainoel Abidin Hospital (ZAH). As the front liner in handling the COVID-19 pandemic, these resident doctors must have adequate knowledge and good attitudes in dealing with COVID-19 patients, especially regarding ethical and medicolegal. Aim: This study aims at finding out the level of knowledge and attitudes of resident doctors in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic at the ZAH, Aceh. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among resident doctors (n=80) in the ZAH during November-December 2020 with a self-administered online questionnaire. It had been tested for validity by experts with a Content Validity Ratio / CVR of 0.738 and reliability of 0.732. The data were analyzed using the frequency distribution test (univariate) and the Chi square correlation test (bivariate). Results and Discussion: The results show that the majority of respondents had inadequate knowledge of ethical and medicolegal issues in handling the COVID-19 pandemic (70.0%); however, they had a positive attitude in overcoming ethical and medicolegal issues, i.e.77.5%. The chi square statistical test result shows no correlation between knowledge and attitude with a p-value of 0.077 (p-value >0.05). Conclusions: Therefore, it can be concluded that the theoretical knowledge of doctors was not sufficient to identify ethical and medicolegal issues, but the attitude in dealing with ethical and medicolegal issues was satisfactory. This result offers a new opportunity and challenge to increase the awareness of doctors in applying their knowledge and attitudes towards handling the COVID-19 pandemic.
This article highlights previous studies on the development of sustainable heritage cities using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. Data obtained through various search methods, such as ...(1) a rigorous search of leading major journal databases (Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), Science Direct) and additional journal databases (Google Scholar and My Cite), and (2) handpicking/manual searching. Once the data was obtained, it was analysed through systematic searching strategies (SSS) to obtain accurate and precise material in the field studied. The obtained material was screened in three SSS steps, namely: (1) identification (2) screening, and (3) eligibility. As a result, a total of 42 materials and documents were successfully found and summarized for highlighting. Next, the findings of the analysis were broken down into: (1) the frequency of sustainable urban heritage development studies conducted by country, (2) sustainable urban heritage development constructs (economic prosperity, social well-being, environmental well-being, cultural heritage, government, and community), and (3) study areas (heritage cities, heritage buildings, and historical sites). The findings of this study can contribute to a new paradigm for studies that involve the sustainable development of heritage cities in Malaysia in achieving the 2030 Agenda.
Abstrak. Artikel ini menyoroti studi sebelumnya terkait pengembangan kota warisan berkelanjutan menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Data diperoleh melalui berbagai metode pencarian, seperti (1) pencarian dari basis data jurnal terkemuka (Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), Science Direct) dan basis data jurnal tambahan (Google Scholar dan My Cite), dan (2) pencarian manual. Setelah itu, dilakukan analisis melalui strategi pencarian sistematis (SSS) untuk mendapatkan materi yang akurat dan tepat pada keilmuan yang diteliti. Materi yang diperoleh disaring dalam tiga langkah SSS, yaitu: (1) identifikasi, (2) penyaringan, dan (3) tingkat kelayakan. Hasilnya, terdapat total 42 materi dan dokumen yang berhasil ditemukan dan dirangkum untuk disorot. Selanjutnya, temuan analisis dibagi menjadi: (1) frekuensi studi pengembangan warisan kota berkelanjutan yang dilakukan oleh negara, (2) konstruksi pengembangan warisan kota berkelanjutan (kemakmuran ekonomi, kesejahteraan sosial, kesejahteraan lingkungan, budaya cagar budaya, pemerintah, dan masyarakat), dan (3) kawasan studi (kota cagar budaya, bangunan cagar budaya, dan situs sejarah). Temuan penelitian ini dapat berkontribusi pada paradigma baru untuk studi yang melibatkan pembangunan berkelanjutan kota warisan di Malaysia dalam mencapai Agenda 2030.
Kata kunci. Pembangunan berkelanjutan, kota warisan, Systematic Literature Review (SLR), Malaysia.
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