Power demand forecasting with high accuracy is a guarantee to keep the balance between power supply and demand. Due to strong volatility of industrial power load, ultra-short-term power demand is ...difficult to forecast accurately and robustly. To solve this problem, this article proposes a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network based hybrid ensemble learning forecasting model. A hybrid ensemble strategy-which consists of Bagging, Random Subspace, and Boosting with ensemble pruning-is designed to extract the deep features from multivariate data, and a new loss function that integrates peak demand forecasting error is proposed according to bias-variance tradeoff. Experimental results on open dataset and practical dataset show that the proposed model outperforms several state-of-the-art time series forecasting models, and obtains higher accuracy and robustness to forecast peak demand.
In late December 2019, a cluster of unexplained pneumonia cases has been reported in Wuhan, China. A few days later, the causative agent of this mysterious pneumonia was identified as a novel ...coronavirus. This causative virus has been temporarily named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the relevant infected disease has been named as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) by the World Health Organization, respectively. The COVID‐19 epidemic is spreading in China and all over the world now. The purpose of this review is primarily to review the pathogen, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID‐19, but also to comment briefly on the epidemiology and pathology based on the current evidence.
Highlights
This review is primarily to review the pathogen, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID‐19, but also to comment briefly on the epidemiology and pathology based on the current evidence.
We strongly recommend that the criteria of clinical diagnosed cases based on the symptoms, exposure history, and typical manifestations on chest CT imaging should be used in COVID‐19 affected areas that are in shortage of RT‐PCR testing kits to control the COVID‐19 epidemic.
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that regulates the cellular defense against toxic and oxidative insults through the expression of genes involved in ...oxidative stress response and drug detoxification. NRF2 activation renders cells resistant to chemical carcinogens and inflammatory challenges. In addition to antioxidant responses, NRF2 is involved in many other cellular processes, including metabolism and inflammation, and its functions are beyond the originally envisioned. NRF2 activity is tightly regulated through a complex transcriptional and post-translational network that enables it to orchestrate the cell's response and adaptation to various pathological stressors for the homeostasis maintenance. Elevated or decreased NRF2 activity by pharmacological and genetic manipulations of NRF2 activation is associated with many metabolism- or inflammation-related diseases. Emerging evidence shows that NRF2 lies at the center of a complex regulatory network and establishes NRF2 as a truly pleiotropic transcription factor. Here we summarize the complex regulatory network of NRF2 activity and its roles in metabolic reprogramming, unfolded protein response, proteostasis, autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, inflammation, and immunity.
Bearings are widely used in various electrical and mechanical equipment. As their core components, failures often have serious consequences. At present, most parameter adjustment methods are still ...manual adjustments of parameters. This adjustment method is easily affected by prior knowledge, easily falls into the local optimal solution, cannot obtain the global optimal solution, and requires a lot of resources. Therefore, this paper proposes a new method for bearing fault diagnosis based on wavelet packet transform and convolutional neural network optimized by a simulated annealing algorithm. Firstly, the original bearing vibration signal is extracted by wavelet packet transform to obtain the spectrogram, and then the obtained spectrogram is sent to the convolutional neural network for parameter adjustment, and finally the simulated annealing algorithm is used to adjust the parameters. To verify the effectiveness of the method, the bearing database of Case Western Reserve University is used for testing, and the traditional intelligent bearing fault diagnosis methods are compared. The results show that the new method for bearing fault diagnosis proposed in this paper has a better and more reliable diagnosis effect than the existing machine learning and deep learning methods.
There is strong evidence for a causal relationship between salt intake and blood pressure. Randomized trials demonstrate that salt reduction lowers blood pressure in both individuals who are ...hypertensive and those who are normotensive, additively to antihypertensive treatments. Methodologically robust studies with accurate salt intake assessment have shown that a lower salt intake is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality, and other conditions, such as kidney disease, stomach cancer, and osteoporosis. Multiple complex and interconnected physiological mechanisms are implicated, including fluid homeostasis, hormonal and inflammatory mechanisms, as well as more novel pathways such as the immune response and the gut microbiome. High salt intake is a top dietary risk factor. Salt reduction programs are cost-effective and should be implemented or accelerated in all countries. This review provides an update on the evidence relating salt to health, with a particular focus on blood pressure and cardiovascular disease, as well as the potential mechanisms.
Extreme weather anomalies act as threat multipliers, warning us to focus on low-carbon transition and sustainable development. This study analyses the dynamic bidirectional causality between climate ...policy uncertainty (CPU) and traditional energy, represented by oil, coal, and natural gas, as well as green markets, represented by clean energy, green bonds, and carbon trading. This research provides the first comprehensive assessment of CPUs across multiple dimensions of different energy properties, causal spillover directions, and temporal heterogeneity using the time-varying Granger test. The results indicate that significant dynamic causality exists within each series rather than the entire period, and that causality manifests differently between pairs of series. In addition, CPU is more inclined to act as a risk recipient than a sender in the market volatility spillover. Whenever extreme climate events or major climate policy changes are encountered, the causal relationship between CPU and the relevant markets will rise significantly. Overall, governments should pay attention to the role of climate policy implementation in energy transition as well as attempt to reduce uncertainty.
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•Exploring the dynamic bidirectional causality between CPU and traditional energy and green markets.•Causality exhibits a time-varying pattern, with significant spillover exists within each series rather than the entire period.•Significant Granger causality is detected when abnormal weather occurs or major climate policies are introduced.•CPU prefers to act as a risk recipient rather than a spillover of market price volatilities.•Energy transition process should improve the prudential regulatory system to address climate risks.
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master transcriptional regulator of genes whose products defend our cells for toxic and oxidative insults. Although NRF2 activation ...may reduce cancer risk by suppressing oxidative stress and tumor-promoting inflammation, many cancers exhibit elevated NRF2 activity either due to mutations that disrupt the negative control of NRF2 activity or other factors. Importantly, NRF2 activation is associated with poor prognosis and NRF2 has turned out to be a key activator of cancer-supportive anabolic metabolism. In this review, we summarize the diverse roles played by NRF2 in cancer focusing on metabolic reprogramming and tumor-promoting inflammation.
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a eukaryotic surveillance mechanism that monitors cytoplasmic mRNA translation and targets mRNAs undergoing premature translation termination for rapid ...degradation. From yeasts to humans, activation of NMD requires the function of the three conserved Upf factors: Upf1, Upf2, and Upf3. Here, we summarize the progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of NMD in several model systems and discuss recent experiments that address the roles of Upf1, the principal regulator of NMD, in the initial targeting and final degradation of NMD-susceptible mRNAs. We propose a unified model for NMD in which the Upf factors provide several functions during premature termination, including the stimulation of release factor activity and the dissociation and recycling of ribosomal subunits. In this model, the ultimate degradation of the mRNA is the last step in a complex premature termination process.
Suboptimal diets are a leading risk factor for death and disability. Nutrition labelling is a potential method to encourage consumers to improve dietary behaviour. This systematic review and network ...meta-analysis (NMA) summarises evidence on the impact of colour-coded interpretive labels and warning labels on changing consumers' purchasing behaviour.
We conducted a literature review of peer-reviewed articles published between 1 January 1990 and 24 May 2021 in PubMed, Embase via Ovid, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and SCOPUS. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies were included for the primary outcomes (measures of changes in consumers' purchasing and consuming behaviour). A frequentist NMA method was applied to pool the results. A total of 156 studies (including 101 RCTs and 55 non-RCTs) nested in 138 articles were incorporated into the systematic review, of which 134 studies in 120 articles were eligible for meta-analysis. We found that the traffic light labelling system (TLS), nutrient warning (NW), and health warning (HW) were associated with an increased probability of selecting more healthful products (odds ratios ORs and 95% confidence intervals CIs: TLS, 1.5 1.2, 1.87; NW, 3.61 2.82, 4.63; HW, 1.65 1.32, 2.06). Nutri-Score (NS) and warning labels appeared effective in reducing consumers' probability of selecting less healthful products (NS, 0.66 0.53, 0.82; NW,0.65 0.54, 0.77; HW,0.64 0.53, 0.76). NS and NW were associated with an increased overall healthfulness (healthfulness ratings of products purchased using models such as FSAm-NPS/HCSP) by 7.9% and 26%, respectively. TLS, NS, and NW were associated with a reduced energy (total energy: TLS, -6.5%; NS, -6%; NW, -12.9%; energy per 100 g/ml: TLS, -3%; NS, -3.5%; NW, -3.8%), sodium (total sodium/salt: TLS, -6.4%; sodium/salt per 100 g/ml: NS: -7.8%), fat (total fat: NS, -15.7%; fat per 100 g/ml: TLS: -2.6%; NS: -3.2%), and total saturated fat (TLS, -12.9%; NS: -17.1%; NW: -16.3%) content of purchases. The impact of TLS, NS, and NW on purchasing behaviour could be explained by improved understanding of the nutrition information, which further elicits negative perception towards unhealthful products or positive attitudes towards healthful foods. Comparisons across label types suggested that colour-coded labels performed better in nudging consumers towards the purchase of more healthful products (NS versus NW: 1.51 1.08, 2.11), while warning labels have the advantage in discouraging unhealthful purchasing behaviour (NW versus TLS: 0.81 0.67, 0.98; HW versus TLS: 0.8 0.63, 1). Study limitations included high heterogeneity and inconsistency in the comparisons across different label types, limited number of real-world studies (95% were laboratory studies), and lack of long-term impact assessments.
Our systematic review provided comprehensive evidence for the impact of colour-coded labels and warnings in nudging consumers' purchasing behaviour towards more healthful products and the underlying psychological mechanism of behavioural change. Each type of label had different attributes, which should be taken into consideration when making front-of-package nutrition labelling (FOPL) policies according to local contexts. Our study supported mandatory front-of-pack labelling policies in directing consumers' choice and encouraging the food industry to reformulate their products.
PROSPERO (CRD42020161877).
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), a major cause of mortality in the world, has been extensively studied over the past decade. However, the exact mechanism underlying its pathogenesis has not been fully ...elucidated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in the progression of CVD. Particularly, ROS are commonly engaged in developing typical characteristics of atherosclerosis, one of the dominant CVDs. This review will discuss the involvement of ROS in atherosclerosis, specifically their effect on inflammation, disturbed blood flow and arterial wall remodeling. Pharmacological interventions target ROS in order to alleviate oxidative stress and CVD symptoms, yet results are varied due to the paradoxical role of ROS in CVD. Lack of effectiveness in clinical trials suggests that understanding the exact role of ROS in the pathophysiology of CVD and developing novel treatments, such as antioxidant gene therapy and nanotechnology-related antioxidant delivery, could provide a therapeutic advance in treating CVDs. While genetic therapies focusing on specific antioxidant expression seem promising in CVD treatments, multiple technological challenges exist precluding its immediate clinical applications.
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