This paper is aimed to document the observed social exclusion and discrimination in the outbreak of COVID-19 across the world and inside of China. Discrimination and social exclusion has occurred in ...various forms, while 25.11% of respondents overseas experienced discrimination in the breakout of COVID-19, and 90% of respondents inside of China exhibited discriminatory attitudes. The discrimination and social exclusion also lead to a range of damaging social outcomes. Thus, this is an urgent call for the inclusiveness in policy and media in the face of this public health emergency.
We present a widely tunable 25 Gbps transmitter that integrates a V-Cavity Laser and an electro-absorption modulator using an identical epitaxial layer scheme. The transmitter exhibits a wavelength ...tuning of 41 channels with 100 GHz spacing and a side-mode suppression ratio above 42 dB by varying the TEC temperature by 32 °C. All channels show clear eye diagram openings at a rate of 25 Gbps with a dynamic extinction ratio higher than 9 dB at a fixed peak-to-peak driving voltage of 2 V. Bit-error-rate measurements demonstrate a power penalty less than 3 dB for transmission through 10 km of standard single-mode fiber. This tunable transmitter offers a cost-effective solution that is suitable for use in DWDM access networks.
C/C–ZrC–SiC composites were prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis process using a mixture solution of organic zirconium-containing polymer and polycarbosilane as precursors. Porous ...carbon/carbon (C/C) composites with density of 0.92, 1.21 and 1.40g/cm3 were used as preforms, and the effects of porous C/C density on the densification behavior and ablation resistance of C/C–ZrC–SiC composites were investigated. The results show that the C/C preforms with a lower density have a faster weight gain, and the obtained C/C–ZrC–SiC composites own higher bulk density and open porosity. The composites fabricated from the C/C preforms with a density of 1.21g/cm3 exhibit better ablation resistance with a surface temperature of over 2400°C during ablation. After ablation for 120s, the linear and mass ablation rates of the composites are as low as 1.02×10−3mm/s and −4.01×10−4g/s, respectively, and the formation of a dense and continuous coating of molten ZrO2 solid solution is the reason for their great ablation resistance.
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have pivotal roles in life processes. The studies showed that aberrant PPIs are associated with various diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, and ...neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, targeting PPIs is a direction in treating diseases and an essential strategy for the development of new drugs. In the past few decades, the modulation of PPIs has been recognized as one of the most challenging drug discovery tasks. In recent years, some PPIs modulators have entered clinical studies, some of which been approved for marketing, indicating that the modulators targeting PPIs have broad prospects. Here, we summarize the recent advances in PPIs modulators, including small molecules, peptides, and antibodies, hoping to provide some guidance to the design of novel drugs targeting PPIs in the future.
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a key regulatory process in virtually all aspects of cellular functions. Dysregulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a major cause of human diseases, such ...as cancers, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, and neurological diseases. Indeed, protein tyrosine phosphorylation-mediated signaling events offer ample therapeutic targets, and drug discovery efforts to date have brought over two dozen kinase inhibitors to the clinic. Accordingly, protein tyrosine phosphatases （PTPs） are considered next-generation drug targets. For instance, PTPIB is a well-known targets of type 2 diabetes and obesity, and recent studies indicate that it is also a promising target for breast cancer. SHP2 is a bona-fide oncoprotein, mutations of which cause juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and solid tumors. In addition, LYP is strongly associated with type I diabetes and many other autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes recent findings on several highly recognized PTP family drug targets, including PTPIB, Src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase 2 （SHP2）, lymphoid-specific tyrosine phosphatase （LYP）, CD45, Fas associated phosphatase-1 （FAP-1）, striatal enriched tyrosine phosphatases （STEP）, mitogen-activated protein kinase/dual-specificity phosphatase 1 （MKP-1）, phosphatases of regenerating liver-1 （PRL）, low molecular weight PTPs （LMWPTP）, and CDC25. Given that there are over 100 family members, we hope this review will serve as a road map for innovative drug discovery targeting PTPs.
Aimed at the security authentication problem between Near Field Communication (NFC) devices, this paper uses the technology of asymmetric encryption algorithm, symmetric encryption algorithm, hash ...function, timestamp and survival period to improve the confidentiality, performance and security of the protocol. The symmetric encryption algorithm encrypts the transmission content, while the asymmetric encryption algorithm encrypts the shared key. The whole authentication process is secure, and the key distribution is secure. The improved NFC device authentication protocol can effectively resist the brute force attack, man-in-the-middle attack and replay attack in the authentication process, it can reduce the number of message transmission in the authentication process, improve the transmission efficiency, enhance the confidentiality, integrity, non-repudiation and improve the security of NFC device authentication.
The faults of rolling bearings can result in the deterioration of rotating machine operating conditions, how to extract the fault feature parameters and identify the fault of the rolling bearing has ...become a key issue for ensuring the safe operation of modern rotating machineries. This paper proposes a novel hybrid approach of a random forests classifier for the fault diagnosis in rolling bearings. The fault feature parameters are extracted by applying the wavelet packet decomposition, and the best set of mother wavelets for the signal pre-processing is identified by the values of signal-to-noise ratio and mean square error. Then, the mutual dimensionless index is first used as the input feature for the classification problem. In this way, the best features of the five mutual dimensionless indices for the fault diagnosis are selected through the internal voting of the random forests classifier. The approach is tested on simulation and practical bearing vibration signals by considering several fault classes. The comparative experiment results show that the proposed method reached 88.23% in classification accuracy, and high efficiency and robustness in the models.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating various physiological and pathological processes. However, the role of lncRNAs and mRNAs in mediating the ...liver response during Toxocara canis infection remains incompletely understood.
In the present study, the expression profile of lncRNAs and mRNAs was investigated in the liver of Beagle dogs infected by T. canis using high-throughput RNA sequencing.
Compared with the control groups, 876 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 288 DEmRNAs were identified at 12 h post-infection (hpi), 906 DElncRNAs and 261 DEmRNAs were identified at 24 hpi, and 876 DElncRNAs and 302 DEmRNAs were identified at 36 days post-infection (dpi). A total of 16 DEmRNAs (e.g. dpp4, crp and gnas) were commonly identified at the three infection stages. Enrichment and co-localization analyses identified several pathways involved in immune and inflammatory responses during T. canis infection. Some novel DElncRNAs, such as LNC_015756, LNC_011050 and LNC_011052, were also associated with immune and inflammatory responses. Also, LNC_005105 and LNC_005401 were associated with the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, which may play a role in the healing of liver pathology at the late stage of infection.
Our data provided new insight into the regulatory roles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the pathogenesis of T. canis and improved our understanding of the contribution of lncRNAs and mRNAs to the immune and inflammatory response of the liver during T. canis infection.
In evolutionary optimization, it is important to understand how fast evolutionary algorithms converge to the optimum per generation, or their convergence rates. This letter proposes a new measure of ...the convergence rate, called the average convergence rate. It is a normalized geometric mean of the reduction ratio of the fitness difference per generation. The calculation of the average convergence rate is very simple and it is applicable for most evolutionary algorithms on both continuous and discrete optimization. A theoretical study of the average convergence rate is conducted for discrete optimization. Lower bounds on the average convergence rate are derived. The limit of the average convergence rate is analyzed and then the asymptotic average convergence rate is proposed.
Cisplatin is a clinically advanced and highly effective anticancer drug used in the treatment of a wide variety of malignancies, such as head and neck, lung, testis, ovary, breast cancer, etc. ...However, it has only a limited use in clinical practice due to its severe adverse effects, particularly nephrotoxicity; 20%-35% of patients develop acute kidney injury (AKI) after cisplatin administration. The nephrotoxic effect of cisplatin is cumulative and dose dependent and often necessitates dose reduction or withdrawal. Recurrent episodes of AKI result in impaired renal tubular function and acute renal failure, chronic kidney disease, uremia, and hypertensive nephropathy. The pathophysiology of cisplatin-induced AKI involves proximal tubular injury, apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular injury in the kidneys. At present, there are no effective drugs or methods for cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies show that numerous natural products (flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, polysaccharide, phenylpropanoids, etc.) have specific antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties that regulate the pathways associated with cisplatin-induced kidney damage. In this review we describe the molecular mechanisms of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and summarize recent findings in the field of natural products that undermine these mechanisms to protect against cisplatin-induced kidney damage and provide potential strategies for AKI treatment.
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