The development of photo‐stimuli‐responsive luminescent materials is essential to address emerging demands in encryption security. Here, a novel photo‐stimuli‐responsive dual‐emitting luminescent ...material ZJU‐128⊃SP (SP = spiropyran) is reported, which is obtained by encapsulating spiropyran molecules into a cadmium‐based metal–organic framework (MOF), Cd3(TCPP)2·4DMF·4H2O (ZJU‐128, H4TCPP = 2,3,5,6‐tetrakis (4‐carboxyphenyl)pyrazine). This MOF/dye composite ZJU‐128⊃SP exhibits a blue emission from the ligand of ZJU‐128 at 447 nm and a red emission around 650 nm from spiropyran. Utilizing the photoisomerization of spiropyran from ring‐closed to ring‐open form under UV‐light irradiation, significant fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process between ZJU‐128 and spiropyran is achieved. As a result, the blue emission of ZJU‐128 is gradually decreased while the red emission of spiropyran increases. This dynamic fluorescent behavior can fully recover to the original state following exposure to visible light (>405 nm). By taking advantage of the time‐dependent fluorescence, dynamical anti‐counterfeiting patterns and multiplexed coding are successfully developed based on ZJU‐128⊃SP film. This work provides an inspiring point for the design of information encryption materials with higher security requirements.
A novel photo‐stimuli‐responsive dual‐emitting luminescent material ZJU‐128⊃SP is obtained by encapsulating spiropyran molecules into a cadmium‐based MOF, ZJU‐128. ZJU‐128⊃SP exhibits a switchable dynamic fluorescent behavior under alternating UV‐ and visible‐light irradiation, enabling its good potential applications in anti‐counterfeiting and multiplexed coding.
Lead‐free dielectric ceramics with ultrahigh energy storage performance are the best potential stocks used in next‐generation advanced pulse power capacitors. Here, an ultrahigh recoverable energy ...storage density Wrec of ≈7.57 J cm−3 and a large efficiency η of ≈81.4% are first realized in (Bi0.5K0.5)TiO3 (BKT)‐based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics with an ultrahigh Vickers hardness Hv ≈ 8.63 Gpa by adding BaTiO3 and NaNbO3 in order to synergistically design the domain and microstructure in multiscale, leading to the existence of ultrasmall polar nanoregions, ultrafine grain size, compact grain boundaries, dense microstructure, and large band gap Eg simultaneously. Encouragingly, an excellent energy storage temperature stability (Wrec ≈ 4.31 ± 0.25 J cm−3, η ≈ 86 ± 5%, 20–200 °C), frequency stability (Wrec ≈ 5.14 ± 0.12 J cm−3, η ≈ 81.3 ± 1.2%, 5–100 Hz), and excellent charge/discharge performance (power density PD ≈ 103.2 MW cm−3, discharge energy density WD ≈ 2.4 J cm−3, discharge rate t0.9 ≈ 130 ns) are also achieved in BKT‐based ceramics. The results demonstrate that BKT‐based ceramics can be very competitive lead‐free relaxors for energy storage capacitors in pulsed power devices.
Excellent energy‐storage properties with an ultrahigh recoverable energy storage density Wrec ≈ 7.57 J cm−3 and a large efficiency η ≈ 81.4% are first realized in high‐hardness (Bi0.5K0.5)TiO3‐based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics under a strong electric field of ≈46 kV mm−1 via multi‐scale synergistic design, which is responsible by ultrasmall polar nanoregions, ultrafine grains, dense microstructure and large band gap.
Dielectric energy‐storage capacitors have received increasing attention in recent years due to the advantages of high voltage, high power density, and fast charge/discharge rates. Here, a new ...environment‐friendly 0.76NaNbO3–0.24(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 relaxor antiferroelectric (AFE) bulk ceramic is studied, where local orthorhombic Pnma symmetry (R phase) and nanodomains are observed based on high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and in/ex situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. The orthorhombic AFE R phase and relaxor characteristics synergistically contribute to the record‐high energy‐storage density Wrec of ≈12.2 J cm−3 and acceptable energy efficiency η ≈ 69% at 68 kV mm−1, showing great advantages over currently reported bulk dielectric ceramics. In comparison with normal AFEs, the existence of large random fields in the relaxor AFE matrix and intrinsically high breakdown strength of NaNbO3‐based compositions are thought to be responsible for the observed energy‐storage performances. Together with the good thermal stability of Wrec (>7.4 J cm−3) and η (>73%) values at 45 kV mm−1 up to temperature of 200 °C, it is demonstrated that NaNbO3‐based relaxor AFE ceramics will be potential lead‐free dielectric materials for next‐generation pulsed power capacitor applications.
A record‐high energy‐storage density Wrec ≈ 12.2 J cm−3 and a desirable efficiency η ≈ 69% are realized in a novel environment‐friendly 0.76NaNbO3–0.24(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 relaxor antiferroelectric bulk ceramic, which exhibits local orthorhombic Pnma symmetry and nanodomains 30–50 nm in size owing to the existence of large random electric fields, showing large advantages in future pulsed power capacitor applications.
Long noncoding RNAs in cancer‐immunity cycle Yu, Wei‐Di; Wang, Huanhuan; He, Qi‐Feng ...
Journal of cellular physiology,
September 2018, Letnik:
233, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The imbalance of immune status in cancer microenvironment plays an important role in the development and progression of cancer. Immunotherapy based on this has become an important field of cancer ...research in recent years. Many studies on long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in cancer have focus on its regulation in cancer development and metastasis. Recent studies have suggested that lncRNAs play crucial roles in different phases of cancer immunity, including antigen releasing, antigen presentation, immune activation, immune cells migration, infiltrating into cancer tissues, and killing cancer cells. The functional studies of lncRNAs in cancer immuntity revealed the complicated molecular mechanisms in cancer immunity from a new point of view, which may provide novel potential targets for cancer immunotherapies. Based on the classical cancer‐immunity cycle theory, we review the recent studies on the functions and mechanisms of immune‐related lncRNAs in different stages of cancer immunity, to summarize the relationship between lncRNAs, and cancer immunity and to provide a framework for further research.
The functional studies of lncRNAs in cancer immuntity revealed the complicated molecular mechanisms in cancer immunity from a new point of view, which may provide novel potential targets for cancer immunotherapies. Based on the classical cancer‐immunity cycle theory, we review therecent studies on the functions and mechanisms of immune‐related lncRNAs in different stages of cancer immunity, to summarize the relationship between lncRNAs, and cancer immunity and to provide a framework for further research.
Unprecedented advances in metal nanoparticle synthesis have paved the way for broad applications in sensing, imaging, catalysis, diagnosis, and therapy by tuning the optical properties, enhancing ...catalytic performance, and improving chemical and biological properties of metal nanoparticles. The central guiding concept for regulating the size and morphology of metal nanoparticles is identified as the precise manipulation of nucleation and subsequent growth, often known as seed‐mediated growth methods. However, since the growth process is sensitive not only to the metal seeds but also to capping agents, metal precursors, growth solution, growth/incubation time, reductants, and other influencing factors, the precise control of metal nanoparticle morphology is multifactorial. Further, multiple reaction parameters are entangled with each other, so it is necessary to clarify the mechanism by which each factor precisely regulates the morphology of metal nanoparticles. In this review, to exploit the generality and extendibility of metal nanoparticle synthesis, the mechanisms of growth influencing factors in seed‐mediated growth methods are systematically summarized. Second, a variety of critical properties and applications enabled by grown metal nanoparticles are focused upon. Finally, the current progress and offer insights on the challenges, opportunities, and future directions for the growth and applications of grown metal nanoparticles are reviewed.
The state‐of‐the‐art development in seeded growth methods from key influencing factors of growth and applications of grown metal nanoparticles are summarized in this review to highlight the achievements and help researchers understand the current investigation status of seed‐mediated methods. Furthermore, the challenges faced by seed‐mediated methods are outlined and the future directions for advancing seed‐mediated methods are outlooked.
High‐entropy alloys nanoparticles (HEANPs) are receiving extensive attention due to their broad compositional tunability and unlimited potential in bioapplication. However, developing new methods to ...prepare ultra‐small high‐entropy alloy nanoparticles (US‐HEANPs) faces severe challenges owing to their intrinsic thermodynamic instability. Furthermore, there are few reports on studying the effect of HEANPs in tumor therapy. Herein, the fabricated PtPdRuRhIr US‐HEANPs act as bifunctional nanoplatforms for the highly efficient treatment of tumors. The US‐HEANPs are engineered by the universal metal‐ligand cross‐linking strategy. This simple and scalable strategy is based on the aldol condensation of organometallics to form the target US‐HEANPs. The synthesized US‐HEANPs exhibit excellent peroxidase‐like (POD‐like) activity and can catalyze the endogenous hydrogen peroxide to produce highly toxic hydroxyl radicals. Furthermore, the US‐HEANPs possess a high photothermal conversion effect for converting 808 nm near‐infrared light into heat energy. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that under the synergistic effect of POD‐like activity and photothermal action, the US‐HEANPs can effectively ablate cancer cells and treat tumors. It is believed that this work not only provides a new perspective for the fabrication of HEANPs, but also opens the high‐entropy nanozymes research direction and their biomedical application.
The ultra‐small PtPdRuRhIr high‐entropy alloy nanoparticles (US‐HEANPs) are fabricated by the universal metal‐ligand cross‐linking strategy. This strategy takes advantage of simplicity, scalability, and genericity. The developed US‐HEANPs exhibit excellent peroxidase‐like activity and possess a high photothermal conversion effect. Under the synergistic effects of peroxidase‐like activity and photothermal action, the US‐HEANPs can effectively ablate cancer cells and treat tumors.
A new machine‐learning based multiscale method, called k‐means FE2, is introduced to solve general nonlinear multiscale problems with internal variables and loading history‐dependent behaviors, ...without use of surrogate models. The macro scale problem is reduced by constructing clusters of Gauss points in a structure which are estimated to be in the same mechanical state. A k‐means clustering—machine learning technique is employed to select the Gauss points based on their strain state and sets of internal variables. Then, for all Gauss points in a cluster, only one micro nonlinear problem is solved, and its response is transferred to all integration points of the cluster in terms of mechanical properties. The solution converges with respect to the number of clusters, which is weakly depends on the number of macro mesh elements. Accelerations of FE2 calculations up to a factor 50 are observed in typical applications. Arbitrary nonlinear behaviors including internal variables can be considered at the micro level. The method is applied to heterogeneous structures with local quasi‐brittle and elastoplastic behaviors and, in particular, to a nuclear waste package structure subject to internal expansions.
Objective. Serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) provides effective thoracic analgesia. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of SAPB for ...postoperative analgesia after breast surgery. Methods. A systematic literature search was performed using Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for eligible randomised controlled trials. The primary outcomes involved the administration of intraoperative and postoperative opioids. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used for rating the quality of evidence for making recommendations. Results. Overall, 13 studies comprising 826 patients met the inclusion criteria (412 in the SAPB group and 414 in the control group). Patients treated with SAPB exhibited a significantly lower postoperative opioid consumption (mean difference, −38.51 mg of oral morphine equivalent; 95% confidence interval (CI), −60.97 to −16.05; P<0.01; I2 = 100%), whereas no difference was observed in the intraoperative opioid consumption (mean difference, −9.85 mg of oral morphine equivalent; 95% CI, −19.52 to −0.18; P=0.05; I2 = 94%). In addition, SAPB significantly decreased the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (risk ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.19–0.55; P<0.05;I2 = 38%) and reduced pain scores during the postoperative period (1 h: standardised mean difference (SMD), −1.23; 95% CI, −2.00 to −0.45; I2 = 92%; 2 h: SMD, −0.71; 95% CI, −1.00 to −0.41; I2 = 48%; 4 h: SMD, −1.52; 95% CI, −2.77 to −0.27; I2 = 95%; 6 h: SMD, −0.80; 95% CI, −1.51 to −0.08; I2 = 81%; 8 h: SMD, −1.12; 95% CI, −1.98 to −0.27; I2 = 92%; 12 h: SMD, −0.78; 95% CI, −1.21 to −0.35; I2 = 83%; and 24 h: SMD, −0.71; 95% CI, −1.20 to −0.23; I2 = 87%; P<0.05 for all). Conclusion. SAPB was safe and effective after breast surgery to relieve postsurgical pain. However, additional well-developed trials are required to validate these findings.
Next-generation advanced high/pulsed power capacitors rely heavily on dielectric ceramics with high energy storage performance. However, thus far, the huge challenge of realizing ultrahigh ...recoverable energy storage density (W
) accompanied by ultrahigh efficiency (η) still existed and has become a key bottleneck restricting the development of dielectric materials in cutting-edge energy storage applications. Here, we propose a high-entropy strategy to design "local polymorphic distortion" including rhombohedral-orthorhombic-tetragonal-cubic multiphase nanoclusters and random oxygen octahedral tilt, resulting in ultrasmall polar nanoregions, an enhanced breakdown electric field, and delayed polarization saturation. A giant W
~10.06 J cm
is realized in lead-free relaxor ferroelectrics, especially with an ultrahigh η ~90.8%, showing breakthrough progress in the comprehensive energy storage performance for lead-free bulk ceramics. This work opens up an effective avenue to design dielectric materials with ultrahigh comprehensive energy storage performance to meet the demanding requirements of advanced energy storage applications.
Ubiquitous moisture is attractive for developing sustainable mobile power sources. However, how to endow moisture‐electric generators (MEGs) with fine design, mass customization, high power output, ...and foldability is still a largely unsolved problem. In this work, based on the Patterned Coating method, use is made of modulated carbon nanotube, nano‐Al2O3, and liquid metal inks to design and fabricate MEGs with properties required for their applications. A single MEG of the ionic diode type thus fabricated can generate an open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.03 V and a short‐circuit current density (JSC) of 47.77 µA cm−2. Through large‐area integrated fabrication, an array containing 160 MEGs can generate a VOC of 154.1 V, and an array containing 100 MEGs can produce a short‐circuit current of 1.95 mA. In addition, the excellent wearability of MEG is verified by analyzing its electrical output performance after subjecting it to 800 cycles of bending deformations. The simple and cost‐saving fabrication technology issued from the work opens new perspectives for MEG applications and paves a path to their industrialization. For example, the customizable ionic diode arrays can meet the on‐demand power supply requirements of wireless sensor network nodes in the Internet of Things.
A simple strategy for large‐area integration of ion diode arrays through a coated patterning process is proposed, which enables the moisture‐electric generators to have the advantages of customizable high power output, good flexibility, and low cost. It can meet the on‐demand power supply needs of wireless sensor network nodes in the Internet of Things.
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