One of the rising demands in the field of protein chemical synthesis is the development of facile strategies that yield the protein in workable quantities and homogeneity, with fewer handling steps. ...Although the native chemical ligation of peptide hydrazides has recently been shown to be useful for the chemical synthesis of proteins carrying acid-sensitive modification groups, previous hydrazide-based protein synthesis studies have used sequential ligation strategies. Here, we report a practical method for a "one-pot" native chemical ligation of peptide hydrazides that would circumvent the need for the isolation of the intermediate products. This method employed a fast and selective arylboronate oxidation reaction mediated by H2O2, which draws attention to the potential applications of the thus far under-exploited boron-based functionalities in protein chemical synthesis. To demonstrate the practicality and efficiency of the new one-pot method, we report its application to a scalable total synthesis of modified histones (with five analogues of H3 and H4 as examples) on a multi-milligram scale, with good homogeneity.
The Qinba region is the transition region between Indica and Japonica varieties in China. It has a long history of Indica rice planting of more than 7000 years and is also a planting area for ...fine-quality Indica rice. The aims of this study are to explore different genetic markers applied to the analysis population structure, genetic diversity, selection and optimization of molecular markers of Indica rice, thus providing more information for the protection and utilization on germplasm resources of Indica rice. Fifteen phenotypic traits, a core set of 48 SSR markers which originated protocol for identification of rice varieties-SSR marker method in agricultural industry standard of the People's Republic of China (Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC, NY/T1433-2014, Protocol for identification of rice varieties-SSR marker method, 2014), and SNPs data obtained by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS, NlaIII and MseI digestion, referred to as SNPs-NlaIII and SNPs-MseI, respectively) for this panel of 93 samples using the Illumina HiSeq2000 sequencing platform, were employed to explore the genetic diversity and population structure of 93 samples. The average of coefficient of variation (CV) and diversity index (H.sub.e) were 29.72% and 1.83 ranging from 3.07% to 137.43%, and from 1.45 to 2.03, respectively. The correlation coefficient between 15 phenotypic traits ranged from 0.984 to -0.604. The first four PCs accounted for 70.693% phenotypic variation based on phenotypic analysis. A total of 379 alleles were obtained using SSR markers, encompassing an average of 8.0 alleles per primer. Polymorphic bands (PPB) and polymorphism information content (PIC) was 88.65% and 0.77, respectively. The Mantel test showed that the correlation between the genetic distance matrix based on SNPs-NlaIII and SNPs-MseI was the largest (R.sup.2=0.88), and that based on 15 phenotypic traits and SSR was the smallest (R.sup.2=0.09). The 93 samples could be clustered into two subgroups by 3 types of genetic markers. Molecular variance analysis revealed that the genetic variation was 2% among populations and 98% within populations (the Nm was 0.16), Tajima's D value was 1.66, the FST between the two populations was 0.61 based on 72,824 SNPs. The population genetic variation explained by SNPs was larger than that explained by SSRs. The gene flow of 93 samples used in this study was larger than that of naturally self-pollinated crops, which may be caused by long-term breeding selection of Indica rice in the Qinba region. The genetic structure of the 93 samples was simple and lacked rare alleles.
The family Pholcidae C.L. Koch, 1850 is highly diverse in Guizhou Province, southwestern China, and currently contains four genera and 22 species. Nevertheless, the distribution of pholcid spiders is ...conspicuously patchy in Guizhou. Species from Guiyang are poorly studied, and only
Zhu & Gong, 1991 has been recorded. A survey was undertaken for the first time to study the pholcids in Guiyang. A total of four species are reported, comprising
Yang & Yao,
and three other species:
Irie, 1999 (new record for Guiyang),
Zhu & Gong, 1991 and
(Dugès, 1836) (new record for Guizhou).
A new species of pholcid spiders, Pholcus fengmeii Zhang, He & Yao, sp. nov. (♂♀), is described from Liaoning Province, China. The new species belongs to the speciose phungiformes species group. ...Taxonomic keys to four closely related species are provided.
Four morphologically similar species of the Pholcus yichengicus species group, occurring in geographic proximity of China’s Qinling Mountains, were recognised, based on morphology and four methods of ...molecular species delimitation. They comprise two new species, namely Pholcus ankang sp. nov. and P. baoji sp. nov. and two previously described species: P. ovatus Yao & Li, 2012 and P. taibaiensis Wang & Zhu, 1992. Their DNA barcodes were obtained to estimate p-distances and K2P distances. In addition, an identification key for the four closely-related species is presented.
The
species group is highly diverse and currently contains 53 species. In this study,
Wang & Yao,
(male, female) from Huairou District, Beijing, China is described while similar congener
Yao, Pham & ...Li, 2012 from neighboring Haidian District (type locality) is redescribed; the female of
is described for the first time. In addition, the DNA barcode COI for the two species was obtained to estimate p-distance.
The genus
Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996 was proposed by Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996 to accommodate three
-
species distributed in northern Eurasia. Male
are easlily recognised by having a hood-shaped ...thumb on the embolus. The females have a long, S-shaped scape and the posterior median plate of the epigyne is grossly enlarged ("hypertrophied").
While examining Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859 specimens from Yunxia Cave in China's Jilin Province, we discovered a new cave-dwelling species of the genus
,
In this paper, we provide detailed description and photos of its diagnostic somatic and genitalic features. It is the first record of the genus from China.
Species of the
Pholcus phungiformes
group exhibit high diversity in Liaoning Province of northeastern China. This paper summarizes the current knowledge on this species-group from this area. A ...checklist of 22 species recorded from this province is given, accompanied with a distribution map of the species.
Pholcus xiuyan
Zhao, Zheng & Yao,
sp. nov.
(♂♀) is described as new to science, and
P. yuhuangshan
Yao & Li, 2021 is reported from Liaoning for the first time.
Intracellular viral RNAs are recognized by the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), which signal through the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein MAVS. MAVS recruits and activates TBK1 kinase, which ...further phosphorylates and activates the transcription factor IRF3, leading to the induction of type I IFN and downstream antiviral genes. We identified human nucleus accumbens-associated 1 (NAC1), a member of the BTB/POZ family, as a bridge for MAVS and TBK1 that positively regulates the RLR-mediated induction of type I IFN. Overexpression or knockdown of NAC1 could, respectively, enhance or impair Sendai virus-triggered activation of TBK1 and IRF3, as well as induction of IFN-β. NAC1 also significantly boosted host antiviral responses against multiple RNA viruses. NAC1 was able to interact with MAVS and TBK1 upon viral infection. The BTB/POZ domain (aa 1-133) of NAC1 interacted with MAVS, and the remainder of NAC1 bound to TBK1. Furthermore, NAC1 could promote the recruitment of TBK1 to MAVS. In contrast, knockdown of NAC1 attenuated the interaction between TBK1 and MAVS. Collectively, our study characterizes NAC1 as an important component of RLR-mediated innate immune responses and uncovers a previously unrecognized function of the BTB/POZ family proteins.
The
Pholcus yichengicus
species-group currently contains 37 species. It is distributed in central and south-eastern China and Thailand, except for
P. guani
Song & Ren, 1994 from Liaoning Province, ...north-eastern China and
P. clavatus
Schenkel, 1936 which is widely distributed in the country.
Pholcus bajia
sp. nov. is described as a new species of the
P. yichengicus
species-group collected from Hebei Province, China.
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